Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
14
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-23
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article includes an analysis of the organization of a lesson in botany based on Bloom's taxonomy, the botanical
descriptions of lichens, the interpretation of objects through pictures, and the innovative approach of describing
them. In addition, the goals of the subject were achieved by providing non-standard training sessions. Therefore, it is
the duty of every professor-teacher to make fundamental changes in the process of education and upbringing and to
work in harmony with the achievements of science. If the result of the lesson he gives is based on new pedagogical
technologies, the student's mastery of the field will increase even more. Therefore, in the era of globalization and
digitization, the innovative approach is of great importance in the education system of our country. In fact, effective
organization of the lesson is achieved based on this approach. The content of education is covered in curricula and
programs, textbooks, etc. Various methods, tools, organizational systems and forms (lecture, conversation,
experiments, use of visual aids, observation, exercise, etc.) are used to achieve the goal set in education. Wide use of
technical means (film, television, radio, computer, projector, etc.) in the educational process greatly helps to develop
the educational method.
Research Article
BASIC TEACHING OF BRYOPHYTA, THE DIVISION OF ALGAE IN BOTANY
TO BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
Submission Date:
May 31, 2024,
Accepted Date:
June 05, 2024,
Published Date:
June 10, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume04Issue06-03
Saidmuratov Shoxid Xusanovich
Researcher at the Department of "Botany and Ecology" at Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after
Nizomi, Uzbekistan
Obidjonova Gulsevar
Student at biology education at Nizomiy Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Uzbekistan
Mamarajabova Nodira Shokirovna
Student at biology education at Nizomiy Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
15
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-23
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
KEYWORDS
Yosin, funaria, tortula, funaria, richia taxonomy, teaching, method, knowledge, understanding.
INTRODUCTION
As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Shavkat Mirziyoyev, noted, "It should be said openly
that along with the great achievements in independent
development, our path was not free from some
mistakes and shortcomings. The processes aimed at
abandoning the authoritarian regime and establishing
a democratic society, the complex and dangerous
period itself has put various problems and tasks before
us. There were cases where our knowledge and
experience, will and determination were sometimes
enough to solve them successfully, and sometimes
not." Therefore, it is the duty of every professor-
teacher to make fundamental changes in the process
of education and training and to work in harmony with
the achievements of science. If the result of the lesson
given by him is conducted on the basis of new
pedagogical technologies, the student's mastery of the
field will increase even more. Therefore, in the era of
globalization and digitization, the innovative approach
is of great importance in the education system of our
country. In fact, effective organization of the lesson is
achieved based on this approach. The content of
education is covered in curricula and programs,
textbooks, etc. Various methods, tools, organizational
systems
and
forms
(lecture,
conversation,
experiments, use of visual aids, observation, exercise,
etc.) are used to achieve the goal set in education. The
wide use of technical means (film, television, radio,
computer, projector, etc.) in the educational process
has a great impact on the development of the
educational method. In general, we can understand
streams based on Bloom's taxonomy:
Knowledge is the initial level of thinking, in which the
student acquires terms, concrete rules, concepts,
facts, criteria, directions, categories, classifications, as
well as abstract knowledge: principles, axioms,
theorems, generalizations, structures, etc. knows,
remembers, repeats, can describe the events of the
work.
When the student has thinking at the level of
comprehension, he can understand facts, rules,
drawings, tables, can reconstruct them, change them
(from words to numbers or images), and can predict
the future consequences based on the available
information.
In application-level thinking, the student can use the
acquired knowledge not only in traditional, but also in
non-traditional situations and apply them correctly
based on a certain model, formula, instruction.
In thinking at the level of analysis, the student can
distinguish
parts
of
the
whole
and
their
interrelationships, see errors based on logical thinking,
distinguish between facts and consequences, evaluate
the importance of information.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
16
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
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2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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14-23
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Synthesis - At the generalization level of thinking, the
student performs creative work, plans an experiment,
uses knowledge from several areas. On the basis of
some materials, it creates the image and appearance of
the whole. This stage requires a creative activity that
emphasizes the creation of a new table from the
relevant results.
Evaluation - this category requires the achievement of
educational results in all categories indicated above
and evaluation judgments based on clearly defined
criteria. Evaluates on the basis of internal and external
criteria, the student can distinguish criteria, observe
them, see the variety of criteria, evaluate the
compatibility
of
conclusions
with
available
information, distinguish between facts and evaluative
opinions [4].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Let's get acquainted with the learning objectives of the
subject "Bryophyta" based on Bloom's taxonomy from
the subject of Botany, which is taught in the 2nd year
of the biology education.
Algae - Bryophyta section teaching content
Learning goals
Content of educational goals
Knowing
Learn about the Bryophyta division;
Determining the specific characteristics of the department;
Classification;
Know procedures;
Separation of families.
Understanding
Understanding departmental signs;
Providing information about classes;
Morphological processing of patterns through samples;
Coming to a certain opinion on the characteristics of families and groups
and defending one's opinion.
Application to
practice
Modeling of features specific to the Bryophyta section;
To distinguish representatives of the class of liverworts;
Retelling the rules, views and theories learned from the module.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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Servi
Analysis
Comparison of the characteristics of the Bryophyta division with other
plants;
Analysis of hepatic algal proliferation
Distinguishing the similar and sharply different sides of herbarium
specimens collected due to different age conditions of liverworts;
Analysis of the development cycle of algae.
Synthesis
Processing of orders specific to the Bryophyta section within families and
categories;
Differentiate the life cycle characteristic of funaria;
Separation of herbariums of the Funaria way;
Synthesis of life cycles and biological characteristics of species.
Conclusion
Evaluation of mastered subject materials;
Comment on the systematic sequence of the division Bryophyta;
Support of students' aspirations for education.
Basic concepts: section, class, order, family, genus,
species, reproduction, life cycle, description.
The purpose of the work: to familiarize with the family,
genus and species of the Bryophyta division.
Materials and equipment: Lecture text, textbooks,
pictures, tables, herbariums, ruler, magnifying glass.
Theoretical material
Algae - Bryophyta division are plants with the simplest
structure among higher plants. The department
includes about 25,000 species. That is, in terms of the
number of species, among tall plants, it ranks second
after flowering plants. This section includes more than
20,000 species. They are widespread in almost all
continents of the globe. For these to live, it is
important to have a moisture, i.e., water environment.
That is why they are found in dry places, mountains,
along streams, and sometimes in deserts.
The plants of this section differ from other higher
plants, and its main feature is the predominance of the
gametophyte generation in the life process. But even
in these, both generations, i.e. gametophyte and
sporophyte, develop interdependently.
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Algae are the oldest plants, they have developed since
the Silurian and Devonian periods of the Paleozoic era,
and even now occupy an important place in the
vegetation of the forest and tundra zones of the
Northern Hemisphere. They are considered to have
originated from algae. The department of algae is
divided into 3 classes:
a) Class of liverworts - Marchantiopsida;
b) Anthocerotopsidae class - Anthocerotopsida;
c) Sphagnum-like or stem-leaved moss class -
Sphagniopsida.
Order of work
a) Identify each family and order by showing the
external structure of the herbarium specimens and
using information from the method guide.
b) Distinguish the characters of the species by means
of drawings presented in herbariums and posters.
c) Based on herbarium and internet information,
schematically
express
the
morphological
characteristics of the species and draw conclusions
about their life cycles.
d) Fill in the tables using theoretical materials.
Assignments
Task 1. Identify the characteristics of higher plants and
complete the table.
Table 1
Higher plants
Botanical characteristics
Division Bryophyta
Class Anthocerotidae
Family Antocerotoceae
Anthoseros genus
Answers.
High plant
Botanical characteristics
Division Bryophyta
This section includes about 25,000 species.
They are widespread in almost all continents of
the earth. For these to live, it is important to
have a moisture, i.e., water environment. The
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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plants of this department differ from other
higher plants, and its main feature is the
predominance of the gametophyte generation in
the life process. However, in these, both
generations, i.e. gametophyte and sporophyte,
develop interdependently.
Class Anthocerotidae
The anthocerotopsid class includes one family
of anthocerotidae. These plants are found on
cultivated lands and along streams. Spores are
spread out as a result of splitting of the
sporogone into two parts.
Family Antocerotoceae
The Anthocerotaceae family includes about 200
species. In monoecious representatives, sexual
organs antheridium and archegonium are
formed in one plant.
Atoseros species
The genus Antoseros is widespread in nature
and has about 200 species. The div of
anthocerotes is flat and ribbon-like, 2-3 cm
long, 1-3 cm in diameter, the div consists of
several layers of thin cells. Rhizoids are located
on the lower side of the thallus. Reproduction of
anthoserotlam occurs in vegetative, sexual and
asexual ways. Nodules are formed on the
underside of the thallus of vegetatively
propagating perennial representatives, and they
reproduce using them [1].
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Task 2. Explain the plant in the picture taxonomically and fill in Table 2.
Table 2
A picture of the studied object.
Classification of the studied object.
Picture 1
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Picture 2
Picture 3
Picture 4
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Picture 5
Picture 6
Assignment answers:
Figure 1. A gametophyte develops from a spore. A
gametophyte is a sexual joint.
Figure 2. From the antheridium, where the antheridium
and archegonium are located, spermatozoa enter the
archegonium.
Figure 3. Spores emerging from the sporangium.
Figure 4. A spore that falls on a moist surface grows
and forms a multicellular, branched, thin green fibrous
growth.
Figure 5. An ovum formed by the fertilization of two
gametes.
Figure 6. A new stem emerging from each bud is a leafy
funaria.
Non-standard educational task on the topic
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Biological dictation
__________ ________ class. This class consists of 6000
species. The main characteristics of these plants are
that the gametophyte has a dorsoventral structure,
that is, the upper and lower sides are different from
each other [1]. The shape of the thalli has a leaf-like
structure. Asexual offspring consists of sporangium,
band and sac. This class is divided into 2 classes:
1. __________________ class
–
____________ (Latin
name).
2. __________________ class
–
____________(Latin
name).
Merchant class. An important classroom routine is
_______. This order includes more than 10 families. One
of them is the Marchantiaceae family. A typical
representative of the family is Marchantia polymorpha.
This plant is a _________ plant according to its
distribution.
The teaching of biology is undergoing a clear shift in
the direction of student-centered learning. Because
now the goals of nutrition in biology are being
modernized. When computer modeling, simulation,
and problem-based learning become part of teaching
strategies, biology teaching becomes more student-
centered to enhance students' critical thinking about
complex biological processes [2]. Pedagogical
technologies are a project based on a set of social
purpose-oriented methods, forms and associations of
the pedagogical process. Pedagogical technologies-
reconstruction of the pedagogical process is also a
mechanism of management and organization [3].
Therefore, increasing the content of the lesson
through pedagogical technologies is considered an
important stage.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the given tasks, information about the
structure of mosses, their practical importance,
classification is presented in the order of work.
Information on the study of algae according to Bloom's
taxonomy, their development in various ecological
environments,
their
structure,
economic
and
pharmaceutical importance is given. As a result of
increasing students' knowledge in botany classes
based on new innovative technologies and re-
examination of their understanding of the subject, the
planned goals will be realized. The student identifies
the objects on the subject, describes them, processes
data, expresses his opinion, distinguishes the specific
features of a certain process, object and event,
concludes and makes a decision. achieves the
accumulation of credits. It is important to have
complete knowledge of science by using new
methods.
REFERENCES
1.
Xo‘janazarov O‘.E. va boshqalar. Botanika darsligi.
–
T.: Innovatsiya-Ziyo, 2022.
2.
Elkhidir N. (2020). Effective Teaching Strategies in
Biological Efucation : Present and Future
Prospects. Open Science Journal 5(4).
3.
Yo‘ldoshev J.F., Usmonov S.A. Pedagogik
texnologiya asoslari.
–
T.: O‘qituvchi, 2004.
4.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manzura-
Abjalova/publication/349608435
