Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
14
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, you can get acquainted with the study of the issue of national education by eastern thinkers,
methodological aspects of raising positive qualities in young people.
KEYWORDS
Education, virtue, morality, national education, national character, idea, ideology.
INTRODUCTION
Our national upbringing dictates that parents should
be very gentle with babies. Mothers and fathers say, "A
child should only be pampered and treated gently until
the age of three, on the contrary, if you speak harshly,
the child will be stubborn and stubborn." In the opinion
of many modern parents, it is necessary to leave the
child to his own will until the age of three, to speak to
him only well, if the child is not beaten and treated well,
the child will grow up to listen to adults, obedient and
meek.
In general, our grandparents realized that a young child
is very impressionable and sensitive to emotions.
That's why those who treated them very gently, tried
not to discourage them until they regained
consciousness. So, they may have observed in their
own experience that malice, strictness and limiting
everything with strict demands have a negative effect
on the spirituality and morals of children. Many
researchers who have studied the peoples of Central
Research Article
THE STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL EDUCATION BY EASTERN
THINKERS
Submission Date:
February 04, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 09, 2023,
Published Date:
February 14, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue02-04
Kh.Kh. Jabborov
(Phd), Associate Professor Of Public Security University Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Doctor Of Philosophy
In Psychology Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
15
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Asia have recorded that Uzbeks treat young babies
with respect [1].
Through gentle and loving methods of education,
qualities such as tolerance, modesty, and the ability to
control emotions are formed in the human psyche.
Treating young children with respect like a "king" is
characteristic not only of Uzbeks, but also of all eastern
nations. For example, the Japanese, like the Uzbeks,
try not to make the baby cry as much as possible. In
particular, boys are not even investigated until the age
of five [2].
According to the experience of psychologists and
pediatricians, the deprivation of parental love for
children under the age of three for a few months is a
great moral blow and seriously damages their mental,
moral and emotional development. It is in
communication with adults that the baby learns
speech and thinking skills. In the process of
communication with parents in the period of the
baby's life up to the age of two, one of the important
characteristics of the person - the feeling of closeness
is brought up [3].
Benjamin Spock, a famous American doctor and
educator, also says that babies need parental love
more than anything [4]. Therefore, closeness, sincere
love, and care have a strong influence on the child's
psyche and prepare the child for social life physically
and mentally in its further development.
In the scientific heritage of the scholars of the East,
there are very valuable opinions about the maturation
of a person, healthy formation, proper education, as
well as the need for a person to have healthy
behavioral qualities and build his life without going
astray on the basis of noble and healthy ideas and
ideology. possible For example, in the works of our
scholars such as Abu Nasr Farobi, Abu Rayhan Beruni,
Unsurulmaoli Kaikovus, Yusuf Khos Hajib, Alisher Navoi
and Husayn Vaiz Koshifi, and in our holy books such as
"Avesta" and "Quran", the perfection of personality,
the beautiful qualities of a person with a beautiful
character, goodness and creativity on the basis of false
ideas and ideologies, to beware of bad things and bad
deeds, to correct those who do bad deeds, to educate
the person in a perfect manner so that he does not fall
into all kinds of bad, evil ways, destructive thoughts
and ideas in the future, because time, society and God
will not forgive those who have unhealthy behavior
who put forward valuable ideas.
The many thousand-year history of human society in all
eras includes views, ideas and ideologies that lead to
goodness and creativity, as well as destructive and
destructive views, ideas and ideologies also indicate
that they exist.
The fact that today's new era also puts new demands
on this issue of education should always be in the
center of our attention. After all, at a time when the
process of vertification has intensified, approaching
the issue of education with clear, scientifically based,
strict requirements is one of the most important
pedagogical and psychological factors.
The views of Eastern thinkers on education, family and
family upbringing, and the perfect person are still
important today. Universal ideas reflected in the work
of Eastern thinkers are in harmony with Islamic
spirituality. In the scientific heritage of Eastern
thinkers, they paid great attention to the issues of
family and family upbringing. A person always lives
surrounded by people, his mental development and
thinking ability develop in the social environment.
There must be conditions for the mental development
of a person.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
16
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Eastern thinkers gave a special place to the issues of
knowledge and human intellectual thinking in their
works. Our scholars evaluate the role of science as a
decisive factor in human understanding of existence
and the secrets of nature. According to Eastern
scholars, a person's div, brain, sensory organs are
present at birth, but his mental knowledge, spirituality,
psyche, intellectual and moral qualities, character,
religion, traditions, education are influenced by the
external world, social environment, and the
relationships he establishes with people. is formed in
the process.
Eastern thinkers Ahmad al-Farghani, Musa al-Khorazmi,
Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina,
Imam Ismail al-Bukhari, Isa al-Tirmizi, Abu Abdullah
Rudaki, Abdul Qasim Firdawsi, Ahmad Yassavi,
Mahmoud Kashgari, Mahmoud Zamakhshari. , Yusuf
Khos Hajib, Najmuddin Kubro Alisher Navoi, our great
scholars left a lot of valuable information about human
education, manners, communication and others.
The history of pedagogy studies the development of
the theory of education, school and pedagogy in
different periods from ancient times to the present day
based on the demand of the development of times.
Every social system, its future is directly related to the
prospects of humanity, the standard of living of
people, the development of science and culture.
Eastern thinkers consider science and morality to be
the most important criteria for human development.
Being a polite, moral scholar helps a person to gain a
certain position and respect among the people around
him. Therefore, while our thinkers show the role of
having knowledge and manners in human life, it is
appropriate for our young people to enjoy the spiritual
heritage of our great ancestors.
The early Middle Ages, one of the brightest pages in
the glorious history of the peoples of Central Asia, is
rightfully called the Renaissance. Because the
development of science, culture, art, literature,
philosophical and religious thoughts during this period
was a great contribution to the treasury of human
thought, and has been surprising our generations with
its richness and humanity for centuries. In particular, in
the conditions of today's independence of Uzbekistan,
the ideas and exemplary works of our ancestors are
gaining importance.
In the 9th verse of Surah Zumar, the holy book of
Muslims, the Qur'an, it is said: "Say: Are those who
know and those who do not know equal?" Indeed, only
the wise can give advice.
During the Eastern Renaissance, the science and
culture of the peoples of Central Asia was developed
based on new conditions and needs. For example, in
order to strengthen trade and foreign relations, the
need to know the east, west, north, and south
directions, and to determine the way from the stars,
i.e. from the pole star, was born so that the caravans
could not get lost in the deserts at night. On the basis
of the needs of the time and social environment,
catastrophes, mathematics, medicine, as well as social
sciences and our values developed. In the formation
and development of the social environment, the high,
immortal values of the ancestors are of great
importance.
Value is everything that is important for society, man
and humanity, events and events, freedom, goodness,
equality, peace, truth, enlightenment, culture, material
and spiritual wealth, monuments, beauty, moral
character and virtues, tradition, tradition. - custom,
custom, etc. are values. A person lives in a world of
countless values throughout his life. One of our
national values is the valuable thoughts of Central
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
17
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Asian thinkers about the relationship between social
environment and education.
Abu Nasr Farabi (873 - 950) development of medieval
social-philosophical thought is associated with the
name of the thinker Abu Nasr Farabi, and his teaching
on human perfection has great importance in the field
of education. After the famous Greek philosopher
Aristotle, Farobi, who made a name for himself in the
East with his knowledge and breadth of thought, is
called a great thinker - "Muallimi sani" - "Second
Teacher". Abu Nasr Farabi (full name Abu Nasr
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Uzalik ibn Tarkhan al-
Farabi) was born in the year 260 AH (873 AD) in a place
called Farob (O'trar) near Tashkent, Shosh, in the
family of a military serviceman. In his works devoted to
education, Farobi thinks about the importance of
education, what needs to be paid attention to,
methods and methods of education.
His social and educational views were expressed in
such eras as "The City of Virtuous People", "On the
Attainment of Happiness", "Ikhso-al-Ulum", "The
Origin of Sciences", "On the Meanings of Mind".
Pharao's moral qualities include knowledge, wisdom
and reasoning, conscientiousness, humility, putting
the interests of the majority first, truth, striving for
spiritual excellence, and justice. But the worst of these
qualities is that every person should be educated and
enlightened. That is why Farobi considers the concept
of ethics as ethics based on thinking, which is
inextricably linked with reason. From this we can see
that Farabi interpreted morality not as an expression of
moral standards, but also as a result of people's mental
activity.
A pharaoh cannot reach maturity in education alone.
He believes that being in contact with others will
require their support or relationships. This can be
achieved through proper education, because proper
education makes a person intellectually and morally
mature, in particular, a person learns the laws of nature
and society correctly, leads the right way in life, and has
the right relationship with others. .
Therefore, Farobi believes that the main task of
education is to educate a mature and well-rounded
person who can meet the demands of society and
serve this society.
Farobi is considered to be the scientist who defined
education and upbringing for the first time. "The word
"education" means teaching a person, providing
theoretical knowledge on the basis of explanation,
education - teaching moral norms and practical skills
necessary for mastering a theoretical quality, a certain
profession," says the scientist. Alloma said, "Education
is the word that unites the theoretical quality between
peoples and townspeople, and education means the
combination of innate quality and practical
professional qualities between these peoples."
Education is only through words and teaching. And
education is practical work with experience, that is, the
work, profession, and learning of this people, this
nation, which consists of practical skills.
Moral education means knowledge, wisdom and
reasoning, conscientiousness, humility, putting the
interests of the majority first, truth, striving for spiritual
excellence, and justice. But the most important of
these qualities is that every person should be educated
and enlightened. That is why Farobi considers the
concept of ethics as ethics based on thinking,
inextricably linked with reason. From this we can see
that Farabi interpreted morality not only as an
expression of moral standards, but also as a result of
the mental activity of people.
Farobi's views on the ways, methods, and means of
education are also valuable. Beautiful qualities are
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
18
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
formed in a person in two ways - through education
and upbringing. He says that education combines
theoretical qualities, and education combines innate
qualities - theoretical knowledge and practical skills
and moral qualities. The combination of the two shows
maturity, but it shows that maturity comes with the
extent to which knowledge and practical skills are
learned.
Farobi says that if the theoretical foundations of all
sciences are studied in education, spiritual and moral
rules, etiquette standards are studied in education, and
skills related to professions are formed. This important
task is performed by experienced educators using
various methods of education.
Farobi envisages the implementation of educational
work in two ways.
When it comes to "practical virtues and practical arts
(professions) and the habit of doing them", this habit
is formed in two ways: the first of these is by means of
satisfying words, inviting, inspiring words, a habit is
formed, skills are created, enthusiasm in a person is
formed. , intention is transformed into action. The
second way (or method) is the way of coercion. This
method is applied to stubborn city dwellers and other
desert peoples. Because they are not of those who are
motivated by words according to their wishes. If any of
them starts learning theoretical knowledge, his virtue
will be good. Such people should not be forced if there
is no aspiration to master the professions and fine arts.
Because the purpose of educating the people of the
city is to make them possessors of virtue and to turn
them into people of art.
Therefore,
Farobi
put
forward
methods
of
encouragement, habituation, and coercion in
education. Both methods aim to make a person fully
mature.
Spirituality is a complex social phenomenon, its state
and development are influenced by many factors -
politics, economy, science, ethics, art, customs.
Spiritual values are the product of people's spiritual
activity, the result of a complex process of cognition,
the fruit of knowledge, life, vision, skills. Since
spirituality is an important factor in the development
of society, it relies not only on today's cultural wealth,
values, modern spiritual achievements, but also on the
centuries-old spiritual heritage of each nation. The
spiritual values of each era, people, and nation
naturally do not arise on dry, empty ground. Any
spirituality, first of all, relies on specific knowledge,
experiences, and spiritual heritage that have come
down to us from past generations, as well as universal
spiritual values.
To sum up, Farobi's pedagogical teaching is based on
his philosophical view that the formation of a perfect
human being is achieved by the social nature of a
person, that is, only in society, in the process of mutual
relations.
Ibn Sina: "If bad behavior becomes a habit..." The great
scholar Ibn Sina also wrote "Tadbir al-Manozil", "Risala
fi ilm al-akhlaq", "Risala fi al-ahd", "Risala fi al-ahd" fi
tazkiyai an-nafs", "Siyosat al-badan", "Kitab al-ansaf"
and other works. In Ibn Sina's opinion, the family and
parents should first deal with the upbringing of the
child. "In the formation of a child's morals," he says,
"the attitude of a couple to each other plays an
important role." For this, certain tasks should be
assigned to each of the family members” [5].
Ibn Sina pays great attention to keeping the child's
behavior in moderation. In his opinion, for this, it is
necessary to always be ready to provide what the child
wants and to keep away from what he does not want.
That's the only way a child is brought up to be well-
behaved and sane from a young age. In families that do
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
19
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
not use this method of upbringing, children grow up to
be curious, angry, timid and sensitive.
Ibn Sina says: "If a bad behavior becomes a habit, it
causes a client's disorder. For example, anger is very
hot, sadness is very cold, frustration is draining
emotional energy and makes the client prone to
phlegm. As a result of moderation of behavior, both
the breath and the div become healthy” [6]. Ibn Sina
interprets many problems related to morality based on
the emotional appearance of a person's mental state
and spiritual properties.
Based on the above sources, we should say that our
thinkers, that is, our great grandfathers, have left a lot
of wealth for us in education. According to our
thinkers, it is important to study parents, environment,
national and religious values, education, humaneness
and justice policy in society, and most importantly,
socio-psychological factors.
In our opinion, it is necessary to use the teachings of
our great scientists in the process of education and
upbringing, because the educational and educational
methods, theory and practice of education, theory and
practice of education, the management of the
educational system, and the ideas of our thinkers in the
education of children are national and stands out in its
own way. Therefore, it is desirable to use the heritage
of the Eastern Alloms more.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, education has a place and a time[7], and
it is appropriate for us to apply the golden views of
Eastern thinkers on education to today's time and
place.
The place of education - the pedagogical works written
by our scholars - the place where they were written is
also "visible" in al-adaba books. This is natural, because
the parents who read the book in your hand and
participated in the training based on this book live in a
real place - district, city or region. If this local feature is
not reflected, it will be difficult to apply the
recommendations. To prevent this from happening,
we tried to write this research based on the
requirements of the 21st century, New Uzbekistan.
These days are not quiet years. Globalization, life is very
fast, dangerous, complicated time.
The time of education - the 21st century presents us
with educational tasks and demands that our
grandparents did not face before. If we live by
repeating what our grandparents knew without
realizing the demands of the times, our education will
lag behind the times. For example, to teach our child to
use the Internet, we must first know it ourselves. If we
don't know, how can we interest our child to use
Polyglot, Skype programs? The new era, globalization
requires us to use both the skills that our grandparents
knew and new, modern educational knowledge and
technologies that they did not know. For this, we are
required to be modern fathers and modern mothers.
So, modernization is needed by each of us, every day.
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Латишев И.А. Семейная жизнь японцев. –
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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
20
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
7.
Жабборов Хазрат Хусенович. Yoshlarda milliy
tarbiya
shakllanishining
psixologik
qonuniyatlari.
Oriental
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Innovative, educational, natural and social
sciences.VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 1 ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor. SJIF 2021:
5.423.
