Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
58
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
58-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article discusse about psycho- didactic foundations of the learning process in primary education
KEYWORDS
Primary education, educational process, psycho-didactic, modern aducational technologies.
INTRODUCTION
During the development period of independence, the
issue of improving and modernizing the educational
process remains urgent. At the same time, the issue of
training highly professional personnel for our society
requires pedagogues to find new forms of educational
training, create modern educational technologies and
introduce them to the educational process, effectively
organize the educational process and thereby provide
higher education. "My students in educational
institutions are demanding the implementation of the
goal of further increasing the mastery of subjects. One
of such methods of teaching is the method of
pedagogical technology known to us today. However,
in the process of applying the word education
technology, the results obtained in the process of
jointly designing the individual capabilities of students
in one or another subject, through a critical analysis of
the problems before us, and the development of
problems such as finding non-standard solutions.
Therefore, the use of technology saves the teacher's
Research Article
PSYCHO-DIDACTIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE LEARNING PROCESS IN
PRIMARY EDUCATION
Submission Date:
September 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 20, 2022,
Published Date:
September 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume02Issue09-13
Sharopova Gulnigor Badriddinovna
Master of Accounting, 2nd stage, Bukhara State Pedogogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
59
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
58-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
time and personal communication, which is very
important for the further improvement of the
professional skills of the students. We would like to
recommend to your attention another such
educational technology, the technology of the science
of "Acmeology". When we implement it, reasonable
questions arise: how can we follow the "complex
approach", the principles and rules of didactics, and
the principles of "acmetology", what are its
advantages, and how does it differ from other
technologies.
It should be noted that a carefully modeled project of
any subject can be the basis for several years of
effective pedagogical activity. Therefore, training
sessions based on this modeled project are guaranteed
to be "excellent" or "good". This modeled project of
"Acmeologia" can be used as an example not only by
experts in the field, but also by representatives of a
number of disciplines. Based on the above-mentioned
principles of "Acmetechnology", the tasks performed
in the preparation of the project of training sessions
are carried out in the following order, which is called
the algorithm of preparation of the training session
project. - the first task. the main topics (chapters) of
the training course are identified, they are taken
together as a whole and called "mego" (extremely
large) module, and its goals and tasks are defined and
expressed in the form of a table. In this topic, the
educational subject "Social work with separate social
groups and strata" was taken as a mega-module, and
its goal was determined. This goal must correspond to
the state educational standards set for the course. - the
second task. Based on the total volume, consistency,
and completeness of the knowledge included in this
module, the educational material is divided into
"macro" (large) modules, their goals are determined
and presented in a tabular form. Based on the volume
of knowledge, logical connection and completeness of
ideas in the "mego" module of the academic subject
"Social work with separate social groups and strata",
the "Acmeology" course contained in it is considered
as a "macro", i.e., "large" module. we can distinguish it
and determine its purpose. - the third task. Individual
schedules of each two-hour training sessions, that is,
meso-modulation, are drawn up. In this case, firstly, the
mesomodule of a pair of soath educational activities is
divided into "micro", i.e., small modules consisting of
several small topics, and the objectives of the study
and the time allocated to them are indicated. Secondly,
from the system of knowledge provided through
micromodules in a one-hour training session, the basic
concepts are separated, and based on them, control
questions are created to assess students' knowledge
and skills, and evaluation criteria are indicated. Thirdly,
based on the content of the micro-module, the type
and type of training is determined. Fourthly, the
traditional or interactive methods, technical tools and
didactic materials that should be used according to the
type and type of training of the micro-module are
shown. Fifth, a list of literature that should be used for
the effective implementation of the micro-module is
given. Based on the principles of "Acmetechnology" it
is possible to create a draft of all topics of "Acmeology"
training sessions by implementing the above
conditions. It is a good thing that the students set
before themselvesin accordance with the goals,
creating a favorable environment for the rational use
of the abilities, knowledge, skills, professional abilities
and efforts of the citizens of our country by means of a
well-thought-out, scientifically based state policy, as
well as their needs for the development of
independent Uzbekistan , determining and realizing
social interests and life prospects is of great
importance. To form the skills of a radical new
approach to the management of the changes in the
construction of the state and society, which are being
rapidly implemented in our Republic of Jonajon, and to
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
60
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
58-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
analyze the reforms in the policy of professional
personnel training carried out in the society.
DISCUSSION
The process of acquiring knowledge is connected with
complex mental operations. In particular, the
processes of acquiring knowledge of children of
primary school age differ from other age periods with
their specific subtleties. The period of primary school
age is of particular importance as it is a stage that
opens a new page in a child's life. During this period,
drastic changes occur in the child's activities,
relationships, and relationships with other people.
Biologically, the child goes through the second period
of generalization: in them, compared to the
kindergarten age, the growth of height slows down,
weight increases; the process of ossification continues
in the skeletal system. The muscular system begins to
develop intensively. Due to the development of the
small muscles of the palm of the hand, the child
develops the ability to perform delicate movements
with the help of the fingers, and the child begins to
develop the skills of writing faster. In general, all
tissues of the child's div are in a state of growth.
At the junior school age, the nervous system improves,
and the activity of the large hemispheres of the brain
develops. At this age, the weight of a child's brain is
almost equal to the weight of an adult's brain, that is,
on average, it is up to 1400 grams. A child's psyche
develops quickly. The correspondence between the
processes of excitation and inhibition changes: the
process of inhibition is slightly stronger, but the
process of excitation is as high as before, and
elementary students are highly arousal. It is
distinguished by its flexibility. The work of the senses
becomes clearer. Compared to preschool age,
children's sense of distinguishing colors increases by
45%, bone-muscle sense by 50%, and visual sense by
80%.
The perception of children of junior school age is
distinguished by disorganization and lack of
determination, but at the same time sharpness and
accuracy. He can replace the numbers 9 and 6, the
hyphen (') with the comma (,), but nevertheless he
perceives with lively curiosity the life around him,
which opens new pages before his eyes every day. The
lack of differentiation of perception, the shallowness
of the analysis-synthesis in the process of perception,
at the same time, is complemented by its vividly
expressed emotionality. Relying on this feature of
perception, experienced pedagogues gradually form
goal-oriented hearing and vision skills and observation
in children.
The attention of children of junior school age is
involuntary and narrow in size. That is why the entire
educational process in primary grades is focused on
forming a culture of attention in students. School life
requires the child to constantly work on voluntary
attention, to perform volitional acts to concentrate
thoughts. Voluntary attention develops together with
the processes of motivating learning, forming a sense
of responsibility for achieving success in educational
activities.
Thinking grows from emotional-imagery to abstract-
logical thinking in the period of small school age. "The
child thinks through shapes, colors, sounds and
sensations in general," wrote K. D. Ushinsky and calls
on teachers to rely on these features of the child's
thinking in the early stages of school life. The task of
the school at the first stage is to raise the child's
thinking to a qualitatively new level, to raise it to the
level of understanding cause-and-effect connections.
As noted by L. S. Vygotsky, when the child comes to
school, the intelligence indicator is at a low level. At
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
61
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
58-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
school, the intellect develops to such an extent that it
can never develop to such an extent outside of the
school period. In this regard, the role of schools and
teachers is extremely important. Research shows that
if the educational process is organized differently, the
content and methods of education, and the
methodology of organizing educational activities are
changed, it will help to form different views of
elementary school students. can be achieved.
Children's thinking develops along with their speech. It
has been determined that the vocabulary of current
fourth graders is 3500-4000 words. As a result of the
influence of school education, elementary school
students not only increase their vocabulary, but also
learn to express their thoughts through oral and
written speech.
The memory of a primary school student is also very
important in mastering educational materials. In this
regard, the possibilities of a primary school student are
extremely large, since the brain of children of this age
is flexible (in terms of the processes that take place in
it), they can quickly and easily perform tasks related to
word-for-word memorization. Let's compare: a
preschooler remembers 3-5 out of 15 words, a junior
school student can remember 6-8 words. They
remember interesting, clear and vivid educational
material without fail. His memory will have an
instructive-figurative character. But primary school
students have difficulty managing their memory and
subordinating it to academic tasks. That is why
teachers are required to pay great attention to the
formation of self-control, self-examination, and
effective organization of educational work in children
during the memorization process.
The formation of the personality of a primary school
student is a new relationship with adults (teachers),
peers (classmates), a new view of activity (studying),
the ranks of whole groups with one head (universal
school, general class team). is carried out under the
influence of processes such as input. In it, the elements
of the feeling of sociality, the manifestations of social
behavior begin to form. At junior school age, students
have a great opportunity to develop moral
characteristics
and
positive
qualities.
The
impressionability, trustworthiness, imitability of
children of this age, the fact that the teacher has a
great reputation for them creates favorable conditions
for the formation of high moral qualities in them. The
foundations of moral norms are formed in primary
education, therefore, its place in the process of
socialization of a person is extremely important.
Primary education should involve students in
consciously
organized
production
work
that
corresponds to the capabilities of students. Therefore,
it is important for the formation of social qualities in a
person. Children's work can be in the form of self-
service, helping adults or high school students. Mixing
work with play also gives good results. Because it
creates an atmosphere of mutual competition,
initiative, and creativity.
In-depth study and knowledge of the above-
mentioned and analyzed features of the junior school
age expands the possibility of creating the necessary
conditions for primary school students to fully and
thoroughly master the educational material.
Psychologist B.G. Ananyev, who founded the
introduction of acmeology into scientific circulation,
says that "in the center of the development of human
spiritual knowledge is the initial and final ontogeny,
and the more creative and effective social-active phase
of a person's life can be on the "outside". Of course,
there are also theories that all these processes cannot
exist without the part of the unique scientific-
theoretical
idea
about
the
individual-spiritual
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
62
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
58-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
development of a person, which is specially developed,
the youth psychology of adolescence and maturity.
Therefore, a firm concept emerged that the subject of
acmeology should be the individual, the maximum
maturity achieved in all areas of individual activity (A.A.
Bodalyov, N.V. Kuzmina, A.A. Derkach, etc.).
Maximum maturity is associated with an individual, the
peak of personal development and individual activity,
so this peak is called "acme" in Greek, and this field is
called acmeology.
At the same time, "acme" also refers to situations
related to human activity. In particular, a person's
"star" moments or similar processes, i.e. high
achievements achieved in a certain field (N. VKuzmina).
The Greeks called this part of a person's life "acme"
when all the signs of maturity that serve to show the
edges of what a person is capable of, abilities and
possibilities are manifested. Acme - Greek ("rise",
"peak") means perfection, rise, maturity. Acmeologist
experts believe that the rational solution to the
problems of high professionalism and creative skills of
a person is the use of important human resources. This
means that they promote the idea of the importance
of integrative-complex learning. In our opinion, limiting
ourselves only to the idea of achieving professional
excellence is difficult to solve the problem. The leading
philosopher-scientist Khatima Shaikhova said in this
regard: "Acmeology is a modern new science." Its
important task is to study various aspects of a certain
profession's rise to the top. The essence of acmeology
is a person's deep understanding of each profession
through knowledge, a deep understanding that it
serves to strengthen the positive impact on the
development of society, the development of the
nation, well-being, and the economic, political, spiritual
and legal aspects of social development, z is to learn to
achieve perfection and maturity in order to spend
creative activity, duties and responsibilities in the field
of profession. In our opinion, acmeology is a science of
studying the phenomenology of not only the
achievement of professional skills on the basis of
natural, general and human rules, but also the laws and
mechanisms of spiritual and social development of a
person at the stage of maturity, and the levels of social
and spiritual achievement. We will not be mistaken if
we say that the foundation of this science was
expressed in the manuscripts of Central Asian thinkers
and is widely used in our country today, having studied
the concept of "perfect man" of Eastern scholars along
with the concept of "acmeology" as the object of
acmeology. Judging from the above conclusions, the
concept of "acme" can definitely be called a high peak,
climax, the highest emotions (A. Maslow).
CONCLUSION
One of the main expressions in acmeology is the
phrase "acmeological tendency", which means the
tendency of a person. Acmesakhs is the main subject of
acmeology, and its essence is the in-depth acquisition
of every profession by a person through science and
knowledge, its development in the society,
development of the nation, well-being, and the
economic, political, spiritual and legal aspects of social
development. It consists in learning the aspects of
achieving perfection and maturity in harmony with the
sciences in order to deeply understand that it serves to
strengthen the positive effect, to spend one's creative
activity, to fulfill one's duties and responsibilities in the
field of profession, and it consists in studying the social
- studies the problems of reaching higher peaks in the
economic and spiritual world, the stage of perfection
in professional development.
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Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
63
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
58-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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