Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
47
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
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2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
47-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
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(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
705
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1121105677
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ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the role of museumization of historic cities and neighborhoods in cultural tourism of Uzbekistan.
Also, in cooperation with UNESCO, the Foundation for the Development of Culture and Art, leading scientists,
specialists, architects and researchers studied the issues of museumization of the historical quarters of Tashkent city.
KEYWORDS
Historical cities, museumization, ethnographic neighborhoods, historical environment, biennial, tourism
neighborhood.
INTRODUCTION
In the 21st century, the practice of protecting the
architectural heritage, preserving the historical
environment of the city and using it effectively in
tourism is one of the most promising directions.
Determining the historical city as a cultural
phenomenon, museumization of the architectural-
artistic uniqueness of the monuments and structures
forming a single exposition based on the axiological
approach is of great importance. It is extremely
important now to pay attention to the museumization
Research Article
THE ROLE OF MUSEUMING THE HISTORICAL CITIES AND
ETHNOGRAPHIC NEIGHBORHOODS OF UZBEKISTAN IN CULTURAL
TOURISM
Submission Date:
September 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 19, 2022,
Published Date:
September 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume02Issue09-11
Munisa S. Mukhamedova
Professor, Doctor Of Philosophy In History (Phd) National Institute Of Art And Design Name After Kamoliddin
Behzod Department Of Museum Studies, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
48
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
47-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of historical-cultural and socio-domestic aspects of city
life in collaboration with architects, historians,
archaeologists, local historians, art historians,
ethnographers and sociologists. The accession of the
Republic of Uzbekistan to the Convention on the
Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
was a unique prelude to the work being done in this
regard [1]. The Convention is the most universal
international legal instrument for the preservation of
cultural and natural monuments. Each country that has
signed the convention acts on the basis of general
principles in the preservation of monuments of
national and world importance existing in its territory.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Development of functional architecture in tourism
infrastructure also creates new opportunities. Its basis
is directly related to the development of tourism and
innovative development [2]. According to UNESCO, in
1990 "Ichan-Kal'a" in Khiva [3], in 1993 Bukhara
Historical Center [4], in 2000 Shahrisabz Historical
Center [5], in 2001 the object "Samarkand - Crossroads
of Cultures" [6] was added to the list of World Cultural
Heritage. included. Since 2016, the rapid actions taken
in the construction of modern settlements have led to
the loss of the landscape of the area where the cultural
heritage objects of the Middle Ages are located. As a
result of this, these historical centers were under the
threat of being removed from the register.
In 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers adopted the decision
"On the protection of territories in the Republic of
Uzbekistan included in the UNESCO World Heritage
List" [7]. On the basis of this decision, it was indicated
that all construction works in historical cities such as
Shahrisabz, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva should be
carried out taking into account the UNESCO
recommendation "On Landscapes of Historical Cities"
[8] [9]. Along with the cities of Samarkand, Bukhara
and Khiva, the regions of present-day Kashkadarya,
Surkhandarya, Navoi and Fergana regions were
considered one of the main strategic points of the
Great Silk Road. That's why there are many historical
sites in these areas, and cultural heritage objects have
been preserved to this day.
"Today, museum-reserves are operating in the cities of
Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. However, these were
also established during the Soviet era, and not a single
museum-reserve was opened after the independence
of our country.
At the moment, a number of exemplary works on the
fundamental reform of the sphere of culture and art
are being carried out. As a logical continuation of these
works, works on the establishment of museum-
reserves have also been established in Kashkadarya,
Surkhandarya, Navoi, Fergana regions" [10]. Both the
opportunity and reason to open museum-reserves in
these areas are sufficient. On the basis of existing
archaeological objects, shrines, memorial complexes
and other similar cultural objects, there is also the
possibility of establishing museums-reserves of various
specialties, and it is possible to create new tourist
resources in the development of cultural tourism.
The possibility of opening museum-reserves and the
coverage of tourist resources in these areas is
sufficient. For example, in Surkhandarya region, it is
possible to improve the types of religious and
pilgrimage tourism with perfect tourist routes in the
coverage of Fayoztepa Buddhist temple, Sultan Saadat
mausoleum, Al-Hakim at-Termizi shrine and other
similar cultural objects. As for the Fergana region, the
Norbotabi Madrasa, the Miyan Hazrat Madrasa, the
Said Ahmadkhoja Madrasa in the city of Margilan, and
the Burkhaniddin Margilani memorial complex are
among the important historical objects in terms of
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
49
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
47-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
pilgrimage tourism in the museum tourism system of
the Kokan Khudoyorkhan Horde.
Also, "the museum-reserve to be established in the
territory of Navoi region, the Raboti Malik caravanserai
and cistern, the "Qasim Sheikh" architectural complex
in Karmana, the "Chashma" complex, the Sarmishsay
natural-archeological complex" [11] and other such
important tourist routes will be organized. while
ensuring its integrity, expands the possibilities of using
tourist resources in the area.
In addition, it is necessary to further improve the
activities of the state museum-reserves in the historical
cities of Bukhara, Samarkand and Khiva in order to
widely promote, preserve, research, develop tourism
and effectively manage the funds of Uzbekistan's rich
cultural heritage and history at the local and
international level.
In the practice of world museum work, issues of
museumization of the historical city environment are
attracting the attention of specialists. A number of
controversial, unresolved issues remain within its
scope of problems. "in situ" [12] and "ex situ" in Italy
(Ferrara), Albania (Girokastra and Berat), Denmark
(Aarhus), Bulgaria (Nesebar), Great Britain (urban
branch of the open-air museum in Bimish) and Georgia
(Tbilisi) » [13] is considered to be a more in-depth study
of the experience of international practice on the
establishment and operation of the museum of the
urban environment" [14]. The purpose of this is to
preserve the rare historical and cultural heritage, and
to focus on the formation and protection of the
understanding of the viewers, first of all, the
inhabitants of this city, about the uniqueness of the
environment.
In 2022, Tashkent neighborhoods were included in the
first preliminary list of World Cultural Heritage by
UNESCO. The first steps to preserve the cultural layers
of old city neighborhoods were considered when the
project "Neighborhood: Urban and Rural Life"
presented at the Venice Architecture Biennale in 2019
was developed [15].
The first project of the National Pavilion of Uzbekistan
at the International Architecture Biennale "La Biennale
Di Venezia" will be a full participant in the international
dialogue with its rich architectural heritage and
modern
cultural,
academic
and
professional
achievements in the development of tourism, effective
cultural exchange, inviting foreign experts to discuss
current regional and global issues. provided
opportunities [16]. Tashkent neighborhoods have been
recognized by international experts as a way to restore
eco-architecture, protect modern cities from mass
urbanization, and preserve social values and
community. Doctor of Architecture Mavluda Yusupova
notes that "Tashkent neighborhoods are unique in that
they have preserved their authenticity more than in
other regions of Uzbekistan, therefore there is a need
to be preserved as a historical architectural reserve"
[17].
The Fund for the Development of Culture and Art in
cooperation with UNESCO brought together leading
scientists, specialists, architects and researchers.
Naturally, no investment construction projects are
allowed in this area. This is the result of the fact that no
one - public representatives, activists, journalists and
bloggers - is indifferent to the fate of the ancient
Zarkainar Street, which is the historical center of
Tashkent. It is also the focus of UNESCO, which has
supported the project to preserve the neighborhood
and included it in the list of World Natural and Cultural
Heritage. In the next processes, relying on the public
responsibility and conscious approach to the
preservation
of
the
neighborhood,
scientific-
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
50
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
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09
Pages:
47-52
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
restoration works will be continued in this direction. In
1976, the restoration of the historical part of Tashkent
was considered and designed. But the open-air
museum project, which was planned to be built on the
site of the old Shahristan, failed to materialize. As a
result of high demographic growth and increased need
for housing, high-rise buildings were built instead of
historic neighborhoods.
In fact, in 1978, it was planned to open the National
Museum of Architecture and Ethnography in the Old
Town part of Tashkent, which consists of local
settlements typical of national architectural traditions.
The residences of the city with artistic value of the XIX-
XX centuries were studied, and a special modern
project was developed, according to which tourists
could get acquainted with the lifestyle, customs,
houses, and architectural traditions of the local
population [18]. This project was one of the first ideas
in the practice of museum work of Uzbekistan
regarding the use of residential buildings as museums
and tourism infrastructure, but the project was not put
into practice.
Starting from 2019, a number of concepts were
discussed regarding preservation of historical
neighborhoods of Tashkent as ethnographic objects
and museumization processes among open-air
monuments. Neighborhoods of Tashkent that will be
museumized in the context of the project to create a
historical-administrative reserve based on the
neighborhoods of Khast-Imam, Hafiz Kokhaki, Abu
Bakr Shoshiy, Kushtut, Chigatoy Darvoza, Eski Shahar,
Namuna, Guzarboshi, Hazrati Imam, Achabad, Guruch
Arik, Karasaroy, Khanchorbog and Gulbazar. topic was
in the center of discussions [19]. In this regard, the
professors of architecture and design of the Zurich
University of Technology also expressed their opinion:
"The fact that the neighborhood is a dynamic place, in
a certain sense, attracts as the DNA of the residential
structure of the cities of Uz
bekistan”.
In August 2019, Jens Yordan, a specialist in the
preservation of architectural heritage and a member of
the German ICOMOS national committee, wrote that
the destruction of monuments in the historical part of
Tashkent destroys valuable evidence of the lifestyle
and culture of the Uzbek people [20]. To date, since the
mid-1980s, the number of registered residential
buildings or significant buildings in the area has
decreased from 818 to 1 house.
On January 21, 2022, the President of Uzbekistan,
Shavkat Mirziyoev, in the process of familiarizing
himself with a number of projects being implemented
in Tashkent, presented the Zarqaynar Street
Renovation [21] project on the territory of the
neighborhoods. The project envisages the repair of
Zarqaynar Street in the Old City area of the capital and
the establishment of a tourist center "while preserving
the spirit of the Old City". In March 2020, a project was
presented to transform the Old City of Tashkent into a
tourism and trade area in historical conditions [22]. It
envisages the construction of commercial and service
facilities in the Old City similar to the old settlements of
Icheri Sheher (Azerbaijan), Mtskheta (Georgia) and
Eskisehir (Turkey) [23]. The main purpose of
museologicalization of mahals with oenographic
characteristics and granting the status of tourism
mahals is to widely promote the material, cultural
heritage and traditions preserved in mahals, to attract
tourists, to develop sustainable tourism, to create
favorable conditions for guests and to provide quality
tourist services, in the regions aimed at improving the
socio-economic status of the residents and ensuring
their employment, protecting the ecology and natural
resources of the area.
CONCLUSION
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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VOLUME
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The State Committee for Tourism Development,
together with the official organizations, includes the
citizens' gatherings, which have been given the status
of "tourist neighborhood" in the first place, into the
state programs and tourism directions of "Obod
gishlok" and "Obod mahalla". At the same time, it
trains tourist service residents and staff according to
modern methods and prepares promotional materials
and promotes cultural tourism markets.
REFERENCES
1.
http://lex.uz/docs/2749728. This Convention
was ratified by the Resolution of the Oliy Majlis
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December
22, 1995 No. 182-I "On Ratification of the
Convention on the Protection of the Universal
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Ahmedov M. Shrines of Uzbekistan // Sound
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ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List of objects of
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ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List of objects of
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ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List of objects of
universal heritage UNESCO in Uzbekistan.
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ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List of objects of
universal heritage UNESCO in Uzbekistan.
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Resolution No. 435 of the Cabinet of Ministers
of Uzbekistan "On the protection of territories
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http://livingheritage.by/1317
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(New
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The decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
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taken from the COMMENTARY issued by the
Ministry of Culture of Uzbekistan (http:/
/www.madaniyat.uz/post/view/2732)
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Decision No. 975 of the Cabinet of Ministers of
the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 11,
2017 "On approval of the program of
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taken from the Commentary issued by the
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/www.madaniyat.uz/post/view/2732).
12.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ. "in situ" is
derived from the Latin word - "in place" and is
the
museumization
of
artifacts
and
monuments in the form of an immovable
object, keeping them in their historical
environment.
13.
https://context.reverso.net/ex+situ+conservati
on "ex situ" is derived from the Latin word
"outside" and means protection, conservation
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http://www.gramota.net/materials/3/2013/10-
1/33.html // Mastenitsa E. Museification of the
city
center.;
http://scjournal.ru/articles/issn_1997-
292X_2013_10-1_33.pdf.
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https://uzbektourism.uz/news/view?id=2076
Title of the article: UNESCO included Tashkent
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
52
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
47-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
neighborhoods in the Preliminary List of World
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https://xs.uz/uzkr/post/venetsiya-arkhitektura-
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https://daryo.uz/k/2022/01/22/toshkentning-
eski-shahar-hududida-rekonstruksiya-ishlari-
olib-borilib-turistik-markaz-barpo-etidiladi.
Name of the article: Mukhammedjanov A.
What could be the future of neighborhoods?
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Makhmudova
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naslediya
narodnogo zodchestva // Architecture and
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–
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Name of the article: Mukhammedjanov A.
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/. Article name: Tashkent teryaet svoy
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https://daryo.uz/k/2022/01/22/toshkentning-
eski-shahar-hududida-rekonstruksiya-ishlari-
olib-borilib-turistik-markaz-barpo-etiladii/. Title
of the article: Reconstruction works will be
carried out in the Old City of Tashkent and a
tourist center will be built.
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https://daryo.uz/k/2022/01/22/toshkentning-
eski-shahar-hududida-rekonstruksiya-ishlari-
olib-borilib-turistik-markaz-barpo-etiladida/.
Title of the article: Reconstruction works will
be carried out in the Old City of Tashkent and a
tourist center will be built.
23.
https://daryo.uz/k/2021/02/01/toshkentning-
eski-shahar-dudida-miliy-savdo-shaharchasi-
tashkil-etilizi-mukkin-prezident-yangi-loyihalar-
tidmidoti-bilan-tanishdi/ Title of the article: A
national trade town can be established in the
Old City of Tashkent. The President got
acquainted with the presentation of new
projects.
