Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
33
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
33-37
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The current article is devoted to the particular theoretical views of the analysis of word meanings from the point of
cognition. Moreover, it deals with the specialized approaches in order to clarify research problem more
comprehensively. The significance of the article relies on the approved achievements. The concept of proverbs, their
essence, the philosophy of phrases and proverbs are the basic features of any culture.
KEYWORDS
Cognition, cognitive activity, cognitive organization, cognitive structure, comparison, observation, relationship,
hierarchical classification.
INTRODUCTION
Cognition is all about understanding and knowing
something. Cognition is the states and processes that
are involved in knowing. In this process, perception
and
judgment
also
included.
Knowledge
is
accumulated consciously and unconsciously by
processes such as, perceiving, recognizing, conceiving
and reasoning and cognition include all this
phenomenon. In other words, cognition is a state
experience of knowing that can be distinguished from
an experience of feeling or willing. Originally the word
cognition comes from the Latin, where “cognoscere”
means to know. Thus in its broadest and most
Research Article
THEORETICAL POINTS OF THE TERM “COGNITION”
Submission Date:
September 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 19, 2022,
Published Date:
September 29, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume02Issue09-08
Gulzoda Ergasheva
Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
34
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
33-37
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
etymological sense, cognition refers to everything that
pertains or is related to knowledge. Cognition is
therefore the accumulation of all the information that
people acquire throughout their lives through learning
and experiences. More concretely, the most accepted
definition of cognition today is the ability of living
beings to process information from perception. That is,
through the uptake of stimuli from the outside world
through the senses, the person initiates a series of
procedures that allow the acquisition of information
and is defined as cognition. Cognition is therefore a
process that is carried out by the brain structures of the
people and that implies the accomplishment of more
of an activity that allows to develop the learning. The
main cognitive processes that encompass cognition
are learning, attention, memory, language, reasoning
and decision making. The execution of these activities
together gives rise to the cognitive process and the
transformation of the sensory stimuli into knowledge.
Cognitive activity presents a series of characteristics
that define its functioning. In general terms, the
properties of cognitive activity define much of
cognition as a mental process.
The cognition is the process of information out of
perception, knowledge and subjective characteristics
of living beings. Such processes as learning, reasoning,
attention to memory, decision making, problem and
solving or the elaboration of emotions are
encompassed by cognition. The study of cognition has
been made from different perspectives such as
neurology, psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology or
philosophy. In this sense, cognition is interpreted as a
global mental process that allows the processing of
information that accesses the minds of human beings.
Cognition process is closely connected to some other
abstract concepts such as mind, knowledge,
reasoning, learning, intellect and brainpower. There
1
English Oxford Dictionary, 2018 (definition of cognition)
are various characteristics of cognition as well as, the
two other notions cognitive structure and cognitive
activity play an important role in the cognitive process
of human creatures.
Upon waking each morning, you begin thinking—
contemplating the tasks that you must complete that
day. Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the
grocery store first? Can you get these things done
before you head to class or will they need to wait until
school is done? These thoughts are one example of
cognition at work. Exceptionally complex, cognition is
an essential feature of human consciousness, yet not
all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced.
For example, many decisions we make about choosing
to do something or refraining from doing something
involve cognitive processes related to weighing
options and making comparisons to other events in
memory. However, cognition has been argued to not
be involved in all the actions we make, such as reflexes
that recoil your hand after touching an extremely hot
surface, which operate on automatic feedback loops
between the effector and spinal cord. Cognition is
described in the Oxford dictionary as the mental
actions or processes involved in acquiring, maintaining
and understanding knowledge through thought,
experience and the senses
1
. Cognition is described by
Licht, Hull and Ballantyne as the mental activity
associated with obtaining, converting and using
knowledge.
2
It
is important to recognize that although the term
cognition is an umbrella term that encompasses many
different mental processes, similarities exist between
how groups define cognition by defining it as a variety
of mental processes that allow us to maintain,
understand and use information to create knowledge
and reflect upon it. Within the pieces that make up
cognition, a main component is what is commonly
referred to as thinking, which Matlin has defined as
coming to a decision, reaching a solution, forming a
belief, or developing an attitude. Again, we see that
2
Scientific American Psychology by Licht, Hull and
Ballantyne (2014)
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
35
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
33-37
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
even a subcomponent of cognition, such as thinking,
still represents somewhat of an umbrella term which
can be broken up into groups of processes and
procedures that make up our thinking. Definitions are
not universally accepted, and some groups within
psychology consider cognition and thinking as the
same group of processes. However, we will use the
definitions provided above for the sake of simplicity.
He we would like to note about the term “Cognitive
activity” and its characteristics. Cognitive activity is an
activity that done by cognition. Cognitive activity is a
mental process through which the person is able to
grasp and perceive aspects of reality. This activity is
performed through the sensory organs and has the
main purpose of understanding reality. Cognitive
activity involves processes of reception, integration,
relationship and modification of the surrounding
information. In this sense, the information is not
perceived passively but actively. The person modifies
and adapts the stimuli captured to generate
knowledge through cognition. Cognition is the method
by which the person is able to assimilate ideas, form
images and generate the construction of knowledge.
Without cognitive activity, people would be unable to
generate their own and elaborate knowledge, and they
would perceive the world in a passive way. Finally,
cognitive activity is characterized by being a process
that allows to bring structure and organization to
knowledge. The information elaborated through
cognition is integrated in a global way and generates
hierarchical classifications that give rise to the
cognitive structure of the person
3
.
Multiple investigations have focused on studying the
elements that make up the structure of cognition. That
is, to determine which aspects are involved in cognitive
processes. In this sense, it is maintained that cognition
is an activity that involves the realization of multiple
processes. Cognition is therefore a generalized mental
procedure encompassing different tasks. At present
3
Gibson, G. 1950. The perception of the visual world.
Cambridge, Mass.: Riverside Press.
there is some controversy when defining the cognitive
structure
4
.
Cognition is a broad and abstract mental process that
often plans divergences in the establishment of its
functioning. However, there is some consensus today
that the main aspects of cognitive structure are as
follows.
OBSERVATION
The first activity performed in cognition is observation,
that is, the detection and assimilation of one or several
visual elements. The observation is carried out through
the sense of sight and allows the capture of the
stimulus and the reception of the relevant information.
Identification of variables
Research on cognition suggests that the second
activity of cognitive structure is to identify variables.
This means that once the stimulus is captured and
perceived, the cognitive processes are responsible for
locating the elements or the parts involved in the study
phenomenon in a precise and specific way. This activity
allows the identification and delimitation of the
different characteristics of the elements perceived and
give rise to a first phase of cognitive organization.
Comparison
Parallel to the identification of the stimulus variables,
the comparison appears. This process, as the name
implies, tries to compare the perceived elements with
the rest of the information that is possessed at the
cerebral level. The comparison allows identifying the
similar and distinct aspects of each of the elements
perceived.
Relationship
Once the incentives are identified and compared, the
cognitive process focuses on relating the perceived
elements. This action consists in establishing
4
Von Eckardt B (1996). What is cognitive science?. Princeton,
MA: MIT Press. pp. 45–72
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
36
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
33-37
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
connections between two or more things in order to
integrate the acquired information and generate a
global knowledge.
Ordering
Apart from relating, it is believed that cognitive activity
also involves ordering processes. Through this activity
the elements are arranged and distributed through
ordered structures. The ordering usually takes place
from the characteristics or the qualities of the
elements and allows to organize the knowledge.
Hierarchical classification
Finally, the last aspect of cognitive structure is to
classify knowledge in a hierarchical way. This last
activity consists of articulating or relating the various
phenomena in terms of their importance. In general,
they can be presented from the general to the
particular (when using a deductive cognitive method)
or from the particular to the general (when using an
inductive cognitive method)
5
.
CONCLUSION
Finally, the appearance of long-term memory is that
cognitive function that gives rise to the formation of
solid memories and resistant to the passage of time. It
constitutes the knowledge content of the people and
allows the retrieval of information stored in the brain
structures.
Thought is an abstract function and difficult to delimit.
In general, it is defined as the activity that allows to
integrate all the information acquired and stored in the
brain structures. However, thought not only operates
with previously acquired knowledge, but can be
integrated with the rest of cognitive functions
(perception, attention and memory) to function in
parallel with the acquisition of new information. In this
sense, thought is considered an indispensable function
for the execution of any cognitive process. Likewise,
5
Von Eckardt B (1996). What is cognitive science? Princeton,
MA: MIT Press. pp. 45–72
thought is an important activity that modulates the
activity of perception, attention and memory, so it is
fed in a bidirectional way with the rest of Cognitive
functions . Some of the specific activities that can be
carried out through thought are reasoning, synthesis
or regulation of problems. In its most general sense,
thought is that activity that gives rise to executive
functions.
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International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
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09
Pages:
33-37
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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