International Journal of Pedagogics
42
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
42-45
10.37547/ijp/Volume05Issue02-13
Analysis of foreign and domestic experience in
developing cognitive universal learning activities of
students
Erkinova Sitora Botirjon qizi
Basic doctoral student of Namangan State University, Namangan, Uzbekistan
Received:
07 December 2024;
Accepted:
09 January 2025;
Published:
11 February 2025
Abstract:
The article presents ideas about the educational process aimed at developing students' cognitive
universal learning activities, developing students' thinking skills, problem solving, and creative thinking. The article
also compares approaches to developing cognitive activity in Finland, the USA, and Japan, analyzes foreign and
domestic experience, and compares their main characteristics.
Keywords:
General education, cognitive activity, student, foreign experience, national approach,
individualization, interactive education, critical thinking, national traditions, group activity.
Introduction:
In the modern era of educational
development in our country, a new educational system
has been formed, which is directly aimed at taking its
place in the world educational system. Because today
the content of education has been updated, new views
and new attitudes have appeared. Extensive study of
the experience of countries of the world, introduction
of innovations and achievements in the educational
system, all this contributes to the further development
of this system. Improving the quality of education,
widespread use of unique educational methods,
revealing the talents and potential of our youth are the
fruits of consistent reforms in this area. At present, it is
important to study the history of qualitative changes in
the educational process and the educational system of
educational institutions, how they use the experience,
methods and techniques of modern advanced foreign
countries in teaching, conduct scientific research, draw
appropriate conclusions about their achievements and
shortcomings [4-5].
The educational process is important for ensuring the
cognitive development of students. In particular, the
issues of forming students' skills of universal cognitive
activity, developing their thinking abilities, increasing
creativity and independence of thinking are relevant.
This process requires effective cooperation between
teachers and students.
Universal educational activities include systems and
programs designed to teach all ages and groups. These
activities are carried out with the aim of making
education more accessible and expanding its
possibilities. With the help of universal activities,
students form their own thoughts, decisions and
feelings, and develop critical and creative thinking
skills.
METHODS
Cognitive universal education is aimed at developing
students' problem-solving skills, logical thinking and
creativity. Scientists pay attention to the features of
these learning styles. A number of foreign researchers
have conducted work on the study of cognitive
universal educational activities. They focus on the
development of cognitive processes in the educational
process. David Paul Ausubel is the founder of the
theory of cognitive learning, which studies the
connections between existing knowledge and new
knowledge in the mind.
Jerome Bruner developed teaching methods based on
certain cognitive structures in education and
conducted research on their application.
Etienne Wenger is known for his work on improving the
educational process by studying the interaction and
relationships between students. Anderson and
International Journal of Pedagogics
43
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
Krathvold's (2001) revisions to Bloom's taxonomy
further strengthen the cognitive aspects of universal
learning activities, particularly emphasizing higher-
order thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis, and
evaluation [1].
The works of these scientists contribute to the
deepening of the study of the influence of cognitive
processes on learning and the development of
methodology.
To study the state of development of cognitive
universal learning activities of students in developed
foreign countries, our study analyzed the experience of
a number of foreign countries and revealed how their
results affect the effectiveness of education. In recent
years, Finland has become one of the most famous
countries in the field of education, development and
innovation. Achievements in the field of education,
achieving high indicators according to world standards
depend on the success of students. The secret of
success lies in the teacher and the education system.
Studying the education system in Finland, we see that
there are many reasons for such success. The
curriculum of educational institutions in Finland
provides for training and education based on the
principle of "learning by doing", "from knowledge to
action". The compulsory education system in the
country, student involvement, discipline in the
classroom and, most importantly, the qualifications of
teachers have made Finland one of the countries that
graduate the most successful students in the world.
This success in education can be considered as a
cultural achievement of Finland. Because Finland
considers the secret of success to be "training qualified
teachers". Teaching is a very prestigious and sacred
profession in the country. Moreover, the lifestyle, living
conditions and opportunities offered to qualified
teachers indicate that they are highly valued [2].
The Finnish education system places great emphasis on
the development of an individual approach and
creative thinking in the development of cognitive
activity.
The main principles of developing students' cognitive
activity are:
-
Opportunities for independent work of
students;
-
Develop creative and critical thinking;
-
Interactive simulations and games;
Based on these principles, students develop thinking in
groups or individually, and use creative approaches to
solving problems.
In the United States, cognitive universal educational
activities primarily focus on the development of logical
thinking, problem solving, creativity and other
cognitive skills. These activities help students expand
their knowledge, learn laws and form their own
opinions.
Several methods are used for cognitive universal
education:
- develop thinking through logical games and puzzles;
- have the opportunity to conduct group discussions,
exchange students' ideas and learn from others;
- use of online platforms and technologies;
- Flipped classroom method;
- develop students' independent thinking;
Students study the material independently and
exchange ideas in groups. In class, students express
their opinions and learn from each other, creating an
interactive environment. The flipped classroom
method is a new way of organizing the learning process,
which changes the types of activities that take place in
traditional lessons. Students study new material at
home using videos, articles and other resources. This
gives each student the opportunity to study the
material at their own time and at their own pace [3].
RESULTS
When asked about the reasons for Japan's current
success during a conversation with Uzbek students, the
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
Japan to Uzbekistan answered without hesitation that
it was, of course, the education system created in
Japan. In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to say
that this tiny country, which was defeated in both
world wars, has no natural resources and ranks first in
the world in terms of population density, has achieved
such success only thanks to the education system it
created. First of all, let's look at the education system
of this country and the history of its development. The
formation of modern Japanese education began in
1867-1868. Japan set itself two goals: 1. to become rich
and 2. to introduce Western technologies into Japanese
production, and realized that in order to achieve this, it
was necessary to radically change the education system
[4-6]. In Japan, more attention is paid to the
development of cognitive universal educational
activities in higher education. The purpose of these
classes is to prepare students for problem solving,
logical thinking and creativity. In Japan, great
importance is attached to teamwork and social learning
in the formation of cognitive activity.
The development of students' cognitive universal
learning activities is based on the following principles:
-
Teamwork and team thinking;
-
Exchange ideas and solve problems together;
International Journal of Pedagogics
44
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
-
Develop critical thinking;
Students work together, share ideas and make the best
decision. Through independent expression of thoughts
and discussion, students, in turn, develop logical
thinking. Thanks to these methods, students have the
opportunity not only to acquire knowledge, but also to
improve their cognitive skills.
Today, the higher education system of Uzbekistan is
developing cognitive universal learning activities that
focus students on broad thinking and innovative
approaches.
In Uzbekistan, new methods and technologies are used
to form cognitive activity, including interactive
educational platforms and digital resources.
The following are considered to be the main principles
of development of cognitive universal educational
activities:
- Interactive lessons and new methods;
- Creating opportunities for independent thinking of
students;
- National values and teamwork;
- Team thinking and problem solving;
- Social learning;
Students work in groups, exchange ideas and apply new
knowledge in practice. They consolidate theoretical
knowledge
through
practical
exercises
and
experiments. Students develop analytical thinking skills
by identifying and solving problems. Group projects are
implemented in order to improve teamwork, exchange
of ideas and creativity.
In the public education system of our country, special
attention is paid to the formation of cognitive activity
based on group work and communication. Students
conduct group activities based on national traditions
[6].
In the course of our study, we compared the main
principles of foreign and domestic experience as
follows (Table 1).
Table 1. Basic principles and differences between foreign and domestic experience in the formation
of students' cognitive universal educational actions
№
The main
principle
Foreign experience
National experience
1
Individual
approach
Finland: Individual approach to
each student
New methods: interactive and
group work
2
Use of
technology
USA: Online Education and
Flipped Classroom Methods
Uzbekistan: Interactive
platforms and technologies
3
Group work
Japan: Social Studies, Group
Classes
Uzbekistan: Group classes
based on national traditions
4
Development of
creative
thinking
Finland: Encouraging Creative
and Critical Thinking
Uzbekistan: Innovative
Methods and Creative
Approaches
CONCLUSION
Foreign and domestic experience in developing
cognitive universal learning activities is based on
various methods and approaches. Foreign experience
pays much attention to the use of technology,
individualization, teamwork and the development of
creative thinking. In national experiments, attempts
are made to form the cognitive activity of students by
combining
traditional
methods
with
modern
technologies. Both approaches to the formation of
cognitive activity have their advantages, and their
successful application in the process of higher
education can increase the effectiveness of knowledge
acquisition by students.
REFERENCES
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A Taxonomy
for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of
Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Allyn &
Bacon.
Kahhorjonovna, O. D. (2022). Approaches to Preparing
Future Teachers for the Organization of Cognitive
Processes in General Secondary Schools. Miasto
Przyszłości, 29, 6
-7.
R.Safarova, G.Khasanova. Organizing an environment
for cooperation of students in the educational process
(for ensuring the development of the new Uzbekistan
society).
XVI
International
Scientific-Practical
Conference “Actual Problems of Improving Farming
Productivi
ty and Agroecology” (IPFA 2024), E3S Weof
Conferences
Volume
538,2024.
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453805044
International Journal of Pedagogics
45
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
S.Erkinova. Boshlang’ich ta’lim tizimida innovatsion
jarayonni amalga oshirishda xalqaro tajriba. Magistrlik
dissertatsiyasi.Namangan -2018,25-bet.
S.Erkinova, D.Muminova Bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf
o‘qituvchilarining kognitiv faoliyatini rivojlantirishdagi
muammolar. Namangan davlat universiteti ilmiy
axborotnomasi [2024-MAXSUS SON] ISSN:2181-1458
ISSN:2181-0427. 920-924 b.
S.Erkinov
a Oliy tа’lim muаssаsаlаridа tаhsil оlаyоtgаn
tаlаbаlаrning kоgnitiv faoliyatini tuzilishi va turlari.
FarDU.
ILMIY
XABARLAR.
ISSN
2181-1571
https://journal.fdu.uz 6-son 2024-yil. 139-142 b.
