International Journal of Pedagogics
6
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
6-9
10.37547/ijp/Volume05Issue04-02
Content of The Development of Critical Thinking Skills in
Students on The Basis of Pedagogical Views of Jadids
Rahmonova Bahora Yuldosh qizi
University of World Languages Pedagogical Theory. History of Pedagogical Teachings 2nd year basic doctoral student, Uzbekistan
Received:
12 February 2025;
Accepted:
09 March 2025;
Published:
08 April 2025
Abstract:
The Jadidist movement was formed in the Turkestan region at the beginning of the 20th century, with
the main goal of reforming society and joining the ranks of the progressive states. The Jadid Enlightenment sought
to develop the nation by updating the education system. Their pedagogical views are important today for the
development of critical thinking skills in their students. In this article, students will receive feedback and feedback
on the content of the development of critical thinking skills based on the pedagogical views of jadids.
Keywords:
Mahmudhaja Behbudiy, jadidism, pedagogical views, independent thinking, schools of the new
method, educational reform, curricula, press, enlightenment, critical thinking.
Introduction:
The jadids were a movement of reformist
intellectuals active in Central Asia, specifically
Turkestan, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
who had a tremendous impact on the social, cultural
and spiritual progress of their time. The jadidism
movement was dominated by countrymen and
intellectuals who promoted the ideas of Modern
Education, Science, National Awakening and cultural
renewal. Their main goal was to free the people from
ignorance, illiteracy, old-fashioned thinking and direct
them to development in harmony with the Times.
The jadids favored the establishment of new-style
schools, criticizing the weakness of the education
system in the old-fashioned school and madrasas. In
these schools, it was believed that children should
study modern subjects such as calculus, geography,
natural science, history, and not read Arabic-Persian
poetry. Education for the jadids was the foundation of
the nation's progress. Therefore, by writing textbooks,
opening schools, issuing newspapers and magazines,
they urged the people to teach, to think in a new way.
Among them were famous jadid intellectuals like
Mahmudhaja Behbudiy, Ismail Gaspirali, Abdullah
Avlani, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidkhanov, Fitrat. For
example, Mahmudhaja Behbudi, through his works like
“Risolayi jadida”, “Padarkush”, promoted
the ideas of
reform in education, building a just society and
educating young people. Ismail Gaspirali, on the other
hand, promoted the awakening of Turkic peoples,
advancing the slogan” unity of language, unity of
thought, unity of work". Abdullah Avloni, in his work
“Turkish Gulistan or morals”, reflected on the
orientation of the younger generation towards moral,
aesthetic, social education.
The jadids were active not only in education, but also in
the fields of press, literature, theater, art, culture. They
opened newspapers, put on performances on stage,
made open comments on social and political topics. As
a result of their activities, the process of awakening in
society began, new thinking, and modern ideas began
to take root.
At the same time, the jadids were subjected to severe
repression under the political pressure of their time.
When Soviet power was established, many of them
were declared nationalist, reactionary forces and
repressed. Their contribution to popular spirituality,
however, has not lost its relevance today, especially
their ideas on critical thinking, renewal, progress
through science and enlightenment. The Jadid heritage
began to be re-valued at the time of independence, and
their names, works, views are gaining an important
place in the upbringing of the younger generation.
The jadids emphasized the need to reform traditional
educational methods and called for the development of
International Journal of Pedagogics
7
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
independent thinking and the ability to analyze the
environment in students. For example, Mahmudhaja
Behbudi
encouraged
educators
to
develop
independent thinking and the ability to question the
environment of students. Mahmudhaja Behbudi (1875-
1919) was one of the leading exponents of the Uzbek
jadidism movement and made a significant
contribution towards reforming the education system
and elevating the nation. His pedagogical views are
aimed at developing independent thinking in students,
through which they aim to increase their ability to
analyze the environment and ask questions.
Behbudi understood that traditional schools could not
meet modern requirements and established new
method schools called “method jadid”. Advanced
pedagogical methods were used in these schools and
special attention was paid to the development of
students' ability to think independently. Classes were
conducted on the basis of interactive methods, and the
activity and creativity of students were encouraged.
Behbudi also promoted his pedagogical ideas through
his newspaper "window". Through this publication, he
covered current issues in society and encouraged
readers to think critically. Through this, the worldview
of the younger generation expanded and the ability to
think
independently
developed.
Through
his
pedagogical activity, Mahmudhaja Behbudi paid great
attention to the development of independent thinking
in students. Through his work in the new method
schools and the press, the aim was to enrich the
younger generation with modern knowledge and to
teach critical thinking. Behbudi's efforts in this regard
are instrumental in the development of the Uzbek
educational system.
The jadids, the Uzbek enlighteners of the early 20th
century, sought to advance the society by reforming
the education system. Their pedagogical vision was to
build critical thinking skills in their students by teaching
modern subjects and teaching them in their native
language.
The jadids aimed to educate students in critical thinking
by teaching modern subjects such as mathematics,
natural sciences and geography. This approach
encourages students to think logically and analytically.
They stressed the need for students to study not only
religious knowledge, but also secular subjects. Through
this, the scientific worldview of the younger generation
was expanded and independent thinking skills were
developed. In the schools of the new method, opened
by the jadids, modern subjects were taught, scientific
knowledge of students was increased, and critical
thinking was developed.
Jadid educators have advocated for students to take
classes in their native language in order to foster critical
thinking while instilling national literature and religious
values. They came to understand that education in
their native language helps students to understand
topics more deeply and express their thoughts clearly.
Through this approach, students' logical thinking skills
have evolved and their perception of the national self
has been strengthened. Jadid efforts to educate the
native language have contributed significantly to the
development of national culture and language. The
education reforms and pedagogical views of the jadids
are still relevant today and are important in teaching
the younger generation to critical thinking.
The jadidist movement was formed in the Turkestan
region at the beginning of the 20th century, with the
main goal of reforming society and joining the ranks of
the progressive states. The Jadid Enlightenment sought
to develop the nation by updating the education
system. Their pedagogical views are still relevant today
and are important for the development of critical
thinking skills in their students in the current
educational system.
The jadids emphasized the need to reform traditional
educational methods and called for the development of
independent thinking and the ability to analyze the
environment in students. For example, Mahmudhaja
Behbudi
encouraged
educators
to
develop
independent thinking and the ability to question the
environment of students. citeturn0search6 continues
this approach today to provide students with the
opportunity to think independently and freely express
their views. This, in turn, serves to develop their critical
thinking abilities.
The jadids aimed to train students in logical and
analytical thinking by teaching modern subjects such as
mathematics, natural sciences and geography. They
stressed the need for students to study not only
religious knowledge, but also secular subjects. Through
this, the scientific worldview of the younger generation
was expanded and independent thinking skills were
developed. Even in the current educational system, it is
important to train students in logical and analytical
thinking by deeply teaching modern subjects.
Jadid educators have advocated for students to take
classes in their native language in order to foster critical
thinking while instilling national literature and religious
values. Education in the native language increases
students ' respect for national values and culture, as
well as helping them to gain a deeper understanding of
complex concepts. Today, through the development of
education in the native language, students can be
encouraged to understand the national identity and
think critically.
International Journal of Pedagogics
8
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
Critical thinking is a person's ability to analyze events in
depth, draw independent conclusions, compare
different points of view, think logically and justify their
views. This skill ensures that the individual is able to
apply that knowledge to life issues, not just knowledge.
A critical thinker not only simply receives information,
but analyzes it, can distinguish between truth and
wrong, ask questions and form his point of view by
evaluating any opinion.
The jadids, reformist intellectuals active in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries, were the ones who paid great
attention to the development of critical thinking. They
stressed that in order for society to progress, the
worldview of young people to be broad, and the
framework of thinking to be renewed, it is necessary to
reform the educational system. According to the jadids,
the student should be able to express his opinion
independently, take a critical approach to the
knowledge learned, and be open to innovation. These
views are evident in their new programs for schools and
madrasas, in their class styles and in their
performances in the press. For example, jadids like
Mahmudhaja Behbudiy, Abdullah Avlani, Ismail
Gaspirali encouraged young people to think, ask
questions, and understand the surrounding reality.
The development of critical thinking is primarily done
by creating an educational environment based on open
communication. Critical thinking develops through
assignments that motivate students to think
independently, problem situations, controversies,
writing an analytical essay, scientific research. It is also
important to give readers the opportunity to use
different sources, compare opposing opinions, draw
conclusions based on evidence and proof. The teacher,
on the other hand, needs to be guided, thought-
provoking, not just a knowledge-giver, in this process.
Critical thinking is important for teaching students to
grow up to be an all-round mature, socially engaged,
independent-minded individual. In the current era,
when the flow of information increases, every young
person is obliged to have critical thinking in order to be
able to assess real and virtual information, to be able to
defend against false and manipulative information, to
have an active position in society. This skill is important
not only in education, but also in every aspect of life. A
critical thinking person is not indifferent to problems in
society, he is always looking for solutions, trying to
improve his environment. Therefore, developing
critical thinking in students means preparing them for
the future, instilling in them a culture of independent
thinking.
The jadidism movement is not only a historical
phenomenon, but also a spiritual foundation that can
become a rich resource in the formation of critical
thinking in today's educational system. The pedagogical
views of the jadids were extremely progressive for their
time, they aimed to educate the younger generation
not only as an educated, but also as an independent
thinker, not indifferent to changes in society. It is these
aspects that can become the basis for the formation of
a critical thinking skill.
Therefore, the pedagogical views of the jadids can be a
great example in the formation of critical thinking
among students today. Their teaching methods,
question-and-answer
based
training,
life-issue-
oriented assignments are very close to the interactive
methods that are widely used in modern education.
The path taken by the jadids in teaching students to
analyze problem situations, assess social events, and
make independent decisions has not lost its relevance.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the pedagogical heritage of the jadids is
still relevant today, and their educational views are
important in the development of critical thinking skills
in their students. Through approaches such as
supporting independent thinking, teaching modern
subjects, and developing education in the native
language, it is possible to enhance the logical and
analytical thinking abilities of their students in the
current educational system. Therefore, the study and
implementation of the pedagogical views of jadids in
practice serves to further improve the quality of
education.
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International Journal of Pedagogics
9
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
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