International Journal of Pedagogics
56
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
56-63
10.37547/ijp/Volume05Issue05-14
1
Comparative Description of Anthropometric Indicators of
Nutritional Strategy in Practitioners with An Ectomorph Body
Structure
U.Sh.Valikhanov
Department of “Faculty of physical culture and sports”, associate professor, Andijan state university, Uzbekistan
Received:
14 March 2025;
Accepted:
10 April 2025;
Published:
12 May 2025
Abstract:
This study demonstrates the impact of proper nutrition on the engaging form of athletic gymnastics, a
healthier type of gymnastics. Observations were conducted on second-year students of the Faculty of Physical
Culture of Andijan State University. Through the study, the study described how the effectiveness of athletic
exercise in determining the anthropometric performance of students depends on the proper organization of
nutrition. The importance of supplemental nutrition for ectomorphic individuals by div type has been
demonstrated.
Keywords:
Athletic gymnastics, ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph, anthropometry, strategy, creatine, protein,
carbohydrate, amino acid, vitamins, trace elements, caffeine.
Introduction:
The period itself is demanding today to
increase the effectiveness of work aimed at promoting
an authentic culture, a healthy lifestyle, physical and
sports among our youth. The implementation of the
activities established in these programs will be strictly
continued on the basis of the norms of the recently
adopted law on State Youth Policy [1].
It is noted by the World Health Organization that the
issue of creating conditions for the physical, mental
–
emotional healthy development of students is
considered a priority issue for the future of each society
[2]. In the healthy development of students, the
acumen of physical exercises, especially athletic
Gymnastics, is very great. The correct Organization of
students to eat during athletic Gymnastics, taking into
account daily and weekly energy consumption, is one
of the most pressing problems in modern times. The
practice of athletic Gymnastics has an urgent relevance
from the point of view of conducting such studies,
developing complexes of measures to improve their
health, in order to constantly monitor the impact on
the state of physical development and health of
students. The effectiveness of athletes ' conditioning
training depends on how much physical loads are
correctly selected for them, rational nutrition and the
organization of proper rest [3, 8, 10]. Rational nutrition
is characterized by a sufficient supply of the necessary
nutrients to the div. This implies the physical
development of the div and the provision of vital
processes with sufficient substances and energy. As a
building material in the div, mainly protein is used,
obtaining
energy
from
the
breakdown
of
carbohydrates and fats. In addition to these
substances, in relatively small amounts, Ham vitamins
and minerals will be necessary for the healthy
departure of chemical processes.
Practicing athletic Gymnastics develops skeletal
muscles. For this reason, nutrition should be properly
organized when practicing this sport, otherwise good
results cannot be achieved. It is very important to
organize the organization of complementary feeding of
athletes when performing sports gymnastics. In
athletic Gymnastics, the effect of Chin training is seen
as an increase in the mass of skeletal muscles [4, 9, 12].
Research objective
. Taxing anthropometric indicators
of the ectomorph div structure through the effect of
supplementary feeding in the sport of athletic
gymnastics.
Research metrics and styles
. The research was carried
out by students of the second stage of Andijan State
University, who are studying in the direction of Physical
Culture Education.
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57
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
A comparative interpretation was made during the
study of students by determining their anthropometric
indicators, which depends on how much the effect of
engaging them in athletic exercises is on the correct
Organization of nutrition. The studies examined 13 20-
28-year-old athletes following the conditions that
ensure the accuracy and comparability of the results. 9
anthropometric parameters were obtained from the
athletes under study: longitudinal, transverse,
transverse div sizes. The div structure of the
students was determined by a test in a sport-specific
style to be 7 students ectomorph, 4 students Ecto-
mesomorph, 2 students mesomorph div structures.
Table 1.
Preliminary results on anthropometric indicators
№
N
ame
H
eight
length
(sm)
B
ody
weig
ht
(kg)
W
eight
Index
C
hest
circumfe
rence
(s
m)
S
houlder
girdle
length
(s
m)
W
rist
circumfe
rence
length
(sm)
P
elvic
girdle
circumfe
rence
length
(sm)
T
high
circle
length
(sm)
C
alf
circumfe
rence
length
(sm)
1
V
. А
1.
71
5
5.6
1
9,1
8
9
3
2.5
2
4
7
2
4
5
2
9
2
А
. D
1.
72
5
2.0
1
7,9
8
9
2
7
2
5
6
8
4
8
3
2
3
R
. Х
1.
69
5
0.4
1
8.0
9
0
3
0
2
5
6
1
4
1
2
6
4
G
‘. Х
1.
62
5
1.2
1
8,2
8
1
2
9
2
5
6
5
4
4
3
3
5
Y
o. Х
1.
70
5
3
1
8,2
8
7
3
0
2
4
8
4
4
3
3
0
6
А
.B
1.
79
6
0
1
8.7
8
8
2
3
2
6
8
5
4
5
3
1
7
N
.А
1.
67
6
0
2
2.2
9
3
3
0
2
7
8
4
5
3
3
2
8
М
.F
1.
91
7
4.5
2
0,6
9
6
3
2
2
7
8
5
5
5
3
6
9
S
.Z
1.
80
7
5
2
3.4
9
9
3
2
2
7
8
7
5
5
3
5
1
0
R
.М
1.
72
7
0
2
4.1
8
8
3
1
2
6
9
1
5
0
3
5
1
1
Т
.N
1.
80
8
0
2
5,0
1
04
4
1
3
2
9
0
5
5
3
6
1
2
I.
K
1.
69
6
2
2
2,1
9
5
3
6
2
8
8
7
5
1
3
3
1
3
S
.А
1.
75
7
5
2
4,5
9
7
3
4
2
7
8
8
5
8
3
5
1.
Additional feeding of students (g / kg)
–
was
carried out according to the following Scheme
–
3 g of
protein per day per 1 kg of div weight of the student,
5 g of carbohydrates, 1 g of fat content were
prescribed. The total additional amount of the specified
daily was divided into five, and the students were fed
under the supervision of the coach. In addition, a maxal
Biocontrol of ham is added to the daily feeding ration
of students. Bioaccumulators include arginine, beta-
ecdisterone,
caffeine,
carnitine,
creatine,
multivitamins, myroelements [3, 10, 13].
At night.
What and how much?
Arginine…….. 5 g.
Why: slow muscle growth, one of the main causes of
which is the narrowing of the capillary vessels.
Therefore, muscle tissue does not receive enough
anabolic hormones and nutrients. With the intake of
arginine on an empty stomach at night, a strong
nitrogen oxidation process is activated in the div. As
a result, the capillary vessels expand. The most
important thing is that this state is preserved until late.
This means that all nutrients reach the muscle.
An hour before breakfast.
What and how much?
Whey milk protein 40 g;
Carbohydrate 50 g ;
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
Carnitine 1-3 g;
Beta-Ecdisterone 100 mg.
Why? By dawn, the div is able to fully absorb
glycogens in the liver, and the turn goes to the muscles,
an alternative option for obtaining energy.
Catabolic hormones provide muscle tissue with free
amino acids, while blood transports them to the liver.
Here they are converted into glucose. To stop such a
dangerous process, it is necessary to immediately
consume fast-absorbing carbohydrate and whey milk
protein.
As for carbohydrates, being drunk in a liquid way, it is
quickly absorbed and absorbed, as a result of which the
glycogen reserve of the liver is replenished by the same
poison. Carnitine, on the other hand, is needed to
activate testosterone receptors.
Breakfast.
3 eggs
3 egg whites;
3 tablespoons of oats porridge (prepared);
After breakfast.
What and how much?
Multivitamins and microelements ..1 dose.
Why? The lack of good muscle development is often
caused by a lack of vitamins. And heavy training
requires more vitamins than usual. Sodium and
potassium are necessary for the thyroid hormones
responsible for the metabolism of muscle protein. Do
you lose weight on the intake of these microelements
into the div in moderation with food? A deficiency of
such microelements lowers immunity (as well as
testosterone secretion).
From this it is necessary to draw such a conclusion
—
it
is necessary to make it a habit to eat vitamins and
microelements at breakfast.
Breakfast 2.
250 gr skim cheese;
Lunch.
250 gr chicken stock;
2 slices of jaydari flour bread;
Cottage cheese 50 gr;
More salad.
After lunch.
What and how much?
Beta-Ecdisterone 100 mg.
Why? This additional re-consumption will help speed
up the synthesis of protein in lunch.
An hour before training.
What and how much?
Arginine……. 5 g;
Caffeine……. 200 mg.
Why? Arginine participates in the synthesis of nitric
oxide and dilates capillary blood vessels. This is
important after training. Capillary vasculature the
arrival of oxygen and nutrients to the muscle tissue is
in between.
Caffeine increases physical strength, and more
importantly, energy. Caffeine gains mental endurance
and at the same time drives fatigue. In addition,
caffeine has an analgesic causality.
Half an hour before training.
What and how much?
Whey milk-protein 20 g ;
Creatine 5 g;
Carnitine 1-3 g;
40 g of slow carbohydrates-fruits, jaydari in the form of
bread or oats porridge from it.
Why? Whey milk protein can enrich the blood with
amino acids to prevent the catabolic mechanism from
triggering in the muscles, which means that the
absorption of muscle fiber is stopped. We must also
mention that protein also has a husk that can expand
blood vessels. It promotes creatine penetration into
muscle tissue by increasing the effectiveness of
arginine. Creatine is the main "fuel" in muscle
contraction. The more creatine in the muscles, the
stronger the muscles.
We knew the importance of carnitine. But drinking
before training will benefit the athlete even more.
Carnitine accelerates fatty acids to reach the
mitochondria, the "energy factory"inside tissues. This
means additional energy. As a result, the div reduces
blood sugar and glycogen consumption. Fruits,
porridge, black bread are "safe" carbohydrates, that is,
they do not sharply raise the amount of insulin. It
enriches carbohydrates, glucose and in this way
normalizes blood sugar levels. Its descent is indicative
of the initiation of catabolic secretion hormones.
After training.
What and how much?
Whey milk-protein 60 g;
Carbohydrate 80 g;
Creatine 5 g;
Carnitine 1-3 g;
Beta-Ecdisterone 100 mg.
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
High amounts of leucine in the alox of the amino acids
VSAA.
Why? Milk whey protein, which is drunk immediately
after the end of training, is important in normalizing
protein synthesis. In addition whey milk protein
contributes to the absorption of carbohydrates. A rapid
rise in blood glucose blocks catabolic hormone
secretion. Glucose in the blood reaches directly to the
muscles and liver. In muscles, anabolic processes
become fuel, and in the liver to glycogen. An increase
in testosterone secretion after exercise is known.
Therefore, an anabolic complex-carnitine and beta -
Ecdisterone-is taken. Together, they accelerate protein
synthesis. With the intake of creatine, the reserve of
ATF is replenished.
Dinner.
300 g of chicken with a blunt part, pasta mixed in kale,
fruits.
After dinner.
What and how much?
Multivitamins and microelements.......1 dose.
Why? Exercise triggers hundreds of metabolic reactions
in the div. Vitamins and microelements are directly
involved in the processes necessary for this event. By
taking them after dinner, it helps to replenish, restore
the place of energy and energy spent in the div.
An hour before sleep.
What and how much?
Arginine……. 9 g;
ZMA……. 1 dose.
Why? During sleep, the div produces growth
hormone. The degree of action of this powerful
anabolic increases even more after the intake of
arginine. 9 g of arginine accelerates the secretion of
growth hormones.
Important aspect of growth hormoninig: develops
muscles, strengthens bone-connective apparatus.
Studies have shown that the bone of paxlavones
becomes larger and stronger from year to year.
The ZMA additive consists of zinc and magnesium. Zinc
increases testosterone levels by 40%. Magnesium, on
the other hand, promotes the absorption of zinc,
relaxes muscles and improves sleep quality.
Before sleep.
What and how much?
Casein 40 g;
Beta-ecdisterone 100 mg.
Why? During sleep, the amount of amino acids in the
blood begins to decrease. Because in sleep a person
does not eat. When the decrease reaches the kiritic
level, spontaneous catabolic hormone secretion begins
to be produced. They begin to take ready-made amino
acids from muscle tissue and deliver them to the blood.
To prevent the same process, to preserve muscle
tissue, casein is istemolized before sleep. Casein is a
protein that has been digestion for a long time.
Therefore, the div is slowly supplied with oxista
amino acids.
And Beta-Ecdisterone ensures that this amino acid is
synthesized in the muscles.
Table 2.
Post-observational results of anthropometric indicators
№
N
ame
H
eight
length
(sm)
B
ody
weig
ht
(
kg)
W
eight
Index
C
hest
circumfe
rence
(s
m)
S
houlder
girdle
length
(s
m)
W
rist
circumfe
rence
length
(s
m)
Pe
lvic
girdle
circumfe
rence
length
(sm)
T
high
circle
length
(sm)
C
alf
circumfe
rence
length
(sm)
1
V
. А
1
.71
6
4,0
2
2,0
91
34
.5
26
74
47
30
2
А
.D
1
.72
5
6.6
1
9.5
90
29
26
70
50
34
3
R
. Х
1
.69
5
2.4
1
8.7
92
32
27
63
43
28
4
G
‘. Х
1
.62
5
4.2
2
0.8
83
30
26
67
46
34
5
Y
o. Х
1
.70
5
6
1
9.3
88
31
25
85
45
31
6
А
.B
1
.79
6
4
2
0.0
89
24
27
86
47
32
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7
N
.А
1
.67
6
6
2
3.5
94
31
28
85
55
34
8
М
.F
1
.91
7
9.5
2
2.0
98
34
28
87
57
38
9
S
.Z
1
.80
8
0
2
5.0
10
0
34
28
88
57
37
1
0
R
.М
1
.72
7
2
2
4.8
89
32
27
92
51
36
1
1
Т
.N
1
.80
8
4.5
2
6.4
10
6
43
33
91
57
37
1
2
I
.К
1
.69
6
4
2
2.8
96
37
29
88
52
34
1
3
S
.А
1
.75
8
0
2
6.6
98
35
28
89
59
36
The results of the observation were processed
mathematically
–
statistically using standard biometric
techniques. The results are presented in the form m±m
of the values of experiments performed In N-fold
recurrence, representing the arithmetic value of the M
–
mean and the error value of the M-standard. Also, the
results of the observation calculated the difference in
values between groups on the basis of the level of
statistical reliability of the structure t-criterion and
assessed as statistical reliability in values R<0.05,
R<0.01 [5].
The results of the study and its dissociation
. The
following table lists the anthropometric indicators of
the students involved in the study before the start of
complementary feeding and athletic exercise training
sessions and after the completion of observation work
(Table 3).
Table 3
Average results of anthropometric indicators of all three div structures before
and after complementary feeding
Anthr
opometric
indicator
Before the start of
observation n-13
After completion of
observation n-13
Height
length (sm)
173,6±0,02
173,6±0,02
Body
weight
(kg)
62,9±2,9
72,1±3,06*
Weight
Index
20,9±0,75
23,4±0,75*
Chest
circumferen
ce
(sm)
92,0±1,68
93,3±1,69
Should
er girdle
length
(sm)
31,34±1,19
35,03±1,24*
Wrist
circumferen
ce length
(sm)
26,38±0,58
28,13±0,55*
Pelvic
80,53±2,84
81,92±2,72
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girdle
circumferen
ce length
(sm)
Thigh
circle length
(sm)
49,46±1,53
54,23±1,49*
Calf
circumferen
ce length
(sm)
32,53±0,83
35,72±0,82*
Note
: * , **
–
I represents the level of statistical
reliability of the differentiation between the values of
the control group with respect to the experimental
group (*
–р<0,05; ** –р<0,01).
Based on the analysis of the results of the experiment
obtained, it can be determined that in all of the
anthropometric indicators of students of the second
stage, who are studying Physical Culture in the
educational direction, an increase in average values is
observed when the observation is completed
compared to the one at the beginning of the
observation. However, the change in some indicators
was not statistically convincing.
A person's height indicator is resistant to various
exogenous and endogenous influences due to strong
control by heredity. Since our studies lasted for a short
time (4 months), the practice of additional nutrition
and athletic Gymnastics exercises did not make
students statistically convincing changes in height.
Before the start of observation work, the average of the
height length of students was 173.6 +0.20 CM. After the
completion of the experiment, the average value of the
height length of the ham students remained at the
previous level of 173.6 +0.20 CM, the difference was
not observed. Table 3
Body weight is mainly made up of the weight of the
skeletal muscles. In older people who are not involved
in sports, the weight of the skeletal muscles is 42-45%
of the div weight. In physically fit athletes, div
weight is 50%.
Students were found to have an average div
weight of 62.9±2.9 kg before the start of observation.
Absaluation of student div weight was recorded in a
spectrum of 50.4-80.0 kg.
After the completion of the observational studies, the
average div weight of their students was found to be
72.16±3.06 kg. It was noted that the maximum weight
student had a div weight of 84.5 kg, while the
smallest weight student had a div weight of 52.4 kg.
Table 3
When the average of the observed Guruh was
compared, the difference between them was recorded
as 9.2 kg. This difference is inevitable from the
statistical abstract (r<0.05).
The increase in muscle mass in the div is determined
by changing the index of div weight. The average
div weight index was found to be 20.92±0.75 at the
beginning of the observation. The smallest div weight
index was recorded at 17.9, while the largest index was
recorded at 25.0.
1. In ectomorphs, the overall and partial growth rates
of the div were compared with the three-dimensional
somotypical differences, with the average div weight
size indicators stabilizing compared to div length. For
ectomorphs, TVI = 169: 2.8561 = 17.9 to 167: 2.7889 =
23.5.
2. The mean div weight index in mesomorphs turned
out to be more stable; from TVI=172:2.9584=24.8 for
the mesomorph, to 175:3.0625=26.1, the weight index
of this div structure changed to muscle mass gain and
partial fat depletion bias.
3. For endomorphs, TVI = 169: 2,8561 = 22.8 to 180:
3.24 = 26.4 was high, causing the div to lose fat. So
this feeding ration is not suitable for endomorphs.
After the completion of the observational studies, the
average div weight of their students was found to be
72.16±3.06 kg. The maximum-weight student was
recorded as having a div weight of 84.5
kg(endomorph), while the smallest-weight student was
recorded as weighing 52.4 kg. (ectomorph) Table 3.
When the averages of the experimental and control
guroux were compared, the average of the
experimental group turned out to be 2.49 larger than
the average of the control group, a difference that is
statistically inevitable (r<0.05).
The length of the circumference of the chest (CM) is
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one of the objective indicators of a person's health,
representing the healthy development of the organs
located in it, the functional state of the chest and the
level of development of the respiratory muscles.
In a quiet state until the start of the observation work,
it was found that the average of the length of the
thoracic circle in the range of students ' respiratory
disorders was 92.0±1.68 CM. The largest was found to
be 104.0 CM, and the smallest was 87.0 CM.
After the completion of the observation, the average of
the length of the thoracic circle in the middle of the
respiratory tract in a calm state of students was
observed to be 93.38±1.69 CM. In the range of
respiratory events, it was observed that the length of
the thoracic circle persists in a spectrum of 106.0
–
83.0. Table 3
When the average of observation groups is compared,
the difference between them is equal to 1.38 CM, and
this difference is not statistically inevitable (r>0.05).
From the results obtained, it can be seen that athletic
exercise training and complementary feeding at the
time of observation are not enough to make students
statistically convincing changes in the length of the
chest circumference.
The muscles of the shoulder will consist of three-
headed and two-headed muscles that bring the
shoulder and wrist-elbow joint into contact. While the
three-headed muscle writes the joint, the two-headed
muscle folds the joint.
By the beginning of the experiments, the average
length of the shoulder circumference of students is
31.34±1.19 cm. The largest was observed at 41.0 CM,
the smallest at 23.0.
At the end of the observation, the average length of the
shoulder circumference of students is 35.03 CM. It was
found that the length of the shoulder circumference of
students fluctuates at a limit of 55.0
–
45.0 CM. Table 3
When the average indicators of experimental and
control groups were compared, the difference between
them turned out to be 3.69 CM. This difference is
inevitable from the Statistical Abstract (r<0.05). From
the results obtained, it can be concluded that The
performed
Athletic
gymnastics
training
and
complementary feeding cause significant changes in
the muscles of the two and three heads.
On the wrist of the hand are the muscles that bend the
fingers of the hand and the scribe. Until the beginning
of the experiments, it was found that the average
indicator of the length of the wrist circumference of
students is 26.38±0.58 CM. The largest indicator of the
length of the wrist circumference was recorded as 32.0
CM, and the smallest indicator was 24.0 CM. After the
completion of the experiments, the average value of
the length of the circle of the student's wrist is
28.13±0.55 CM. The largest was found to be 33.0 CM,
and the smallest was found to be 25.0 CM. Table 3
The mean difference was found to be 1.75 CM when
compared. This difference is inevitable from the
statistical bias (r<0.05). On the wrist of the hand will be
located the muscles that harass the fingers. Since
students rely heavily on finger strength when
performing athletic exercises, supplementation has
been observed to positively affect the development of
these muscles.
The weight of a person's torso and the organs located
in it is transferred to their feet through the pelvic girdle.
By the beginning of the studies, the average value of
the length of the pelvic girdle circle of students was
determined to be 80.53±2.84 CM. It is observed that
the absolute values \ u200b \ u200bThe indicators
oscillate at a limit of 91.0
–
61.0 CM.
The average value of the length of the pelvic girdle
circle for students after the completion of the
observation work is 81.93±2.72 CM. It was found to
have a maximum value of 92.0 CM and a smallest
indicator of 63.0 CM. Table 3
When the average values were compared, the
difference between them was 1.38 CM. This difference
is not inevitable from a statistical bias (r>0.05). The
pelvic girdle of students is made up of bones and
muscles. It can be assumed that the continuity of our
research was not enough to bring about significant
changes in them.
On the front and back sides of the thigh part of a
person's leg, the muscles involved in the movements of
the thigh pelvis and thigh joint will be located. Before
the start of the observation work, the average student
population circle was 49.46±1.53 CM. In students, the
greatest value of the number circle was found to be
58.0 CM, and the smallest indicator was 41.0 CM.
After completion of the observation, the average
length of the circle of the number of students was
determined to be 54.23±1.49 CM. It was observed that
the largest figure was 59.0 CM, and the smallest figure
was 43.0 CM. Table 1
In a comparison between the two mean values, the
difference between them is equal to 4.76 CM, this
difference is reliably distinguished from the statistical
bias (r<0.05). The human legsthat is located on the
front side of the thigh part is the four-headed muscle,
which is involved in writing the thigh joint of the legs.
This is due to the fact that a lot of loads have fallen on
the muscle in everyday life, the degree to which it has
developed when performing them has a great
International Journal of Pedagogics
63
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
importance. It can be clearly seen from the results of
the experiment that the use of an additional nutritional
factor along with the performance of athletic exercises
has a positive effect on the development of the thigh
muscle.
Observation at the last foot of the work, the effect of
athletic exercises and complementary feeding on the
length of the circumference of the calf muscle was
observed. The average value of the length of the
circumference of the calf muscle of students before
Studies is 32.53±0.83 CM. It was observed to have a
maximum value of 36.0 CM and a smallest indicator of
26.0 CM.
After the completion of the studies, it was found that
the average indicator of the length of the boldiri circle
of students is 35.72±0.82 CM. It was observed that the
largest value was 38.0 CM, and the smallest value was
28.0 CM. Table 1
The difference between them was 3.18 CM, when the
average indicators of the length of the circle of the
students before and after the experiment were
compared. This difference is inevitable from the
Statistical Abstract (r<0.05). The weight that makes a
person fall on the leg pajamas is held by the axillary
webbing of the calf muscle, which is attached to the
heel bones. In maintaining balance on one leg, which is
performed in athletic ginastics, the flexibility of the calf
muscles is great. The development of calf muscles with
the help of additional feeding of athletes ensures the
successful performance of sports exercises.
CONCLUSION
In order to achieve good results in sports, it is great to
do the necessary activities correctly. The correct
execution of movements depends on the development
of the muscles involved in their implementation.
Proper nutrition is important in addition to the selected
physical exercises in the proper development of the
muscles. The correct Organization of athletes ' nutrition
ensures that they quickly achieve sports results. The
effect of mistaking students for and supplementing
with Athletic Gymnastics exercises for positive effects
on individuals in ectomorph and mesomorph type div
structures was determined by visual observations and
measurements.
Thus, when doing Athletic gymnastics, it is advisable to
choose a nutritional strategy according to the type of
div structure of students.
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