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Matnni aniqlash, shuningdek, optik belgilarni aniqlash sifatida ham tanilgan, bosma yoki qo’lda yozilgan matnni tahrirlash, qidirish va tahlil qilish oson bo’lgan raqamli formatga aylantiradi. Bu matn tasvirlarini tahlil qilishni va ulardagi belgilar va so’zlarni tanib olishni o’z ichiga oladi. Optik belgilarni aniqlash - bu hujjatlarni skanerlashga bo’lgan talab ortib borayotgani va ma’lumotlarni samarali va aniq yozib olish zarurati tufayli tez rivojlanayapti. Optik belgilarni aniqlash ko’plab sohalarda, jumladan bank, sog’liqni saqlash, hukumat va ta’limda muhim texnologiyaga aylandi. Optik belgilarni aniqlash bozoridagi ba’zi imkoniyatlarga quyidagilar kiradi: Katta ma’lumotlar tahlilining yuksalishi: Har kuni hosil bo’ladigan raqamli ma’lumotlar ortib borayotganligi sababli, optik belgilarni aniqlash tasvir va hujjatlar kabi tuzilmagan ma’lumotlar manbalaridan ma’lumotlarni skanerlashi va olishi mumkin. Mashinani o’rganish va chuqur o’rganish yutuqlari: optik belgilarni aniqlash ilg’or mashinani o’rganish algoritmlari va chuqur neyron tarmoqlar yordamida sezilarli darajada yaxshilanishi mumkin, bu aniqlik va samaradorlikni oshiradi.

Mazkur maqolada talabalarda muloqot madaniyati shakllanishining ijtimoiy psixologik xususiyatlari bo'yicha bir qator tavsiyalar mazkur maqolada keltirib 0‘tilgan. Maqoladan pedagogik jarayonida talabalarda muloqot madaniyatini shakllanishi muammosi bilan shug'ullanuvchilar foydalanish mumkin.

Аннотация. В данной статье рассмотрены перспективы развития нормирования энергосбережения в области строительства, краткое содержание изменения в строительных нормативных документах. Целии задачи Стратегии развития энергоэффективности поставленные на 2022-2026 годы. В соответствие с принципами системного подхода математическую модель теплового режима здания как единой теплоэнергетической системы целесообразно представить в виде трех взаимосвязанных моделей, более удобных для изучения: - математической модели теплоэнергетического воздействия наружного климата на здание; - математической модели теплоаккумуляционных характеристик оболочки здания; - математической модели теплоэнергетического баланса помещений здания. Оптимизационная задача для энергоэффективного здания имеет следующее содержание: определить показатели архитектурных и инженерных решений здания, обеспечивающих минимизацию расхода энергии на создание микроклимата в помещениях здания. В статье представлены решения оптимизационной задачи, включающей в себя реализацию математических моделей здания как единой теплоэнергетической системы, также показано, что решение, например, задачи оптимального управления расходом энергии при на топе помещений, обеспечивает более 70% экономии энергии. 

Ushbu maqolada O’zbekistonda qishlaq ho’jaligida suv istemolini boshqarish sohalarida boshqaruv jarayonini bulutli texnologiyalar orqali takomillashtirish imkoniyatlari ko’rib chiqilgan. Ushbu texnologiyadan foydalanishni afzalliklari va kamchiliklari yoritilgan.

The use of superplasticizers in new generation concretes, which have a water-reducing effect and further accelerate the hardening of the mixture at subzero temperatures.

Анализируется суффиксация как один из активных способов словообразоваия в современных текстах СМИ как экспрессивно-маркированные единицы, как единицы с яркой экспрессией. Отмечается, в медийных неодериватах отражаются способы и механизмы приспособления общенародного языка к условиям его функционирования, изменяющимся под влиянием внешних факторов.

In this article, the intensity and composition of traffic flows at intersections near the city of Nukus are studied. That is: the number and composition of traffic at intersections, the direction of traffic along the lanes, as well as the amount of traffic, etc. to be investigated.

The paper considers interlayer shifts of combined two-layer cylindrical shells made of composite layers differing in thickness and physical and mechanical properties, and also investigates the effect of stress-strain state of such shells on their strength and deformability.

In this article was studied the physical and mechanical properties of concrete with superplasticizers of Sika Retarder, as well as the results of laboratory studies were given in the form of the table and graphs.

Objects under study: polyatomic molecules of organic compounds -imipraminc, amitriptyline, procaine, tctracthylammonium chloride and lidocaine.
Purpose: Determination of characteristic time and activation energy of the heterogen reactions of polyatomic molecule dissociation on the surface of oxidized tungsten and thermodesorption characteristics of the products of these reactions under single conditions of experiments by the isothermal methods of the non-stationary processes of surface ionization - voltage and flow modulation methods.
Methods of study: non-stationary methods of surface ionization - methods of voltage and flow modulation.
The results obtained and their novelty:
The basic characteristics of surface ionization have been experimentally defined - the ionization coefficient for the radicals (ch ,), .v ’ - ch ,, (с,нf)2N' - ch 2 and (с2hs)2n’c2ht for polyatomic molecules of imipraminc, amitriptyline, procaine, tctracthylammonium chloride and lidocaine.
The kinetic characteristics of thermodesorption have been experimentally defined for the radicals (ch ,), n’ - сн ,, (c2hs), n - ch , and (c,//s), n 'с,на being the heterogeneous reaction products of molecule dissociation - imipraminc, amitriptyline, procaine, tctracthylammonium chloride and lidocaine - by the voltage modulation method.
The kinetic characteristics of the heterogeneous reaction of polyatomic molecule dissociation with decay of (C-C)^ and (с - н bonds have been defined.
Practical value: A method of determining the kinetic characteristics of the heterogeneous reactions of polyatomic molecule dissociation have been proposed.
Application and economic effectivity: These results have been used to perform Grant Ф-2.1.7.
Field of application: physical electronics, heterogeneous catalysis, gas-analytical surface ionization industry.

The article deals with electron microscopic and elemental analysis of composites based on wollastonite, melamine, pentaerythritol, ammophos and epoxy resin. For composite surfaces, calculations were carried out on an electronic machine and investigated using elemental analysis.
Development of compositions based on wollastonite, melamine, pentaerythritol and ammophos with ED-20 epoxy resin.

Ушбу изланишда ички ва ташқи қатламлари композит материаллар билан ўралган ўртасида металл қатламли цилиндрсимон қобиқларнинг узоққа чидамлилиги ва мустаҳкамлиги кўриб чиқилган. Металл қувурлар маьлумки, кислота, ишқор каби агрессив мухитларга чидамсиз бўлади яьни коррозияга учраш натижасида ўзининг мустаҳкамлигини ва узоққа чидамлилигини йўқотади. Металл труба (қувурларнинг) юк кўтариш қобилятлари компазит қувурларникига нисбатан бир неча баровар катта бўлади. Агар юк кўтарувчи қатлам сифатида металл қувирларни танласак ва уларни ички , ташқи қатламларини агрессив муҳитга чидамлик композит материаллар билан ўраб чиқсак, коррозияга чидамлилик ҳам агрессив муҳитларга бардош берадиган ҳамда ташқи динамик ва статик юкларни бемалол кўтарувчи мустаҳкам ва узоққа чидамли резервуарлар ва қувирларни ҳосил қилишимиз мумкин. Бундай цилиндрсимон комбинацяланган уч қатламли қобиқларни мустаҳкамлигини ва устиворлигини ҳисоблашда ҳам анизотроп материалларни ҳамда изотроп материал сифатида металл (пўлат) қобиқларнинг физик-механик хоссаларини ҳисобга олишга тўғри келади.

The article notes that the main scientific and technical policy in the field of energy efficiency of buildings and structures is to create a scientifically sound regulatory and methodological framework for their design and construction. Data on the next stage of its improvement and increase of scientific and technical level are given.

В настоящей статье приводится результаты исследования основных гидродинамических и массообменных характеристик микробарботажного аппарата на модельных системах направленное на выяснение возможности применения микробарботажных процессов для проведения массообменных процессов между биогазом и жидкостью.

Мақолада кўп қаватли турар-жой биноларини сейсмик мустаҳкам қилиб лойиҳалашда амалга оширилши лозим бўлган чора-тадбирлар тўғрисида ва Ўзбекистон шароитида лойиҳаланадиган турар-жой биноларининг зилзилабардошлилигини ва сейсмик хавфсизлигини таъминлаш ечимлари келтирилган.

In this article, we establish new traveling wave solutions for the loaded Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and the loaded modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation by the functional variable method. The performance of this method is reliable and effective and gives the exact solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions. All solutions of these equations have been examined and three-dimensional graphics of the obtained solutions have been drawn by using the MATLAB program. We get some traveling wave solutions, which are expressed by the hyperbolic functions and trigonometric functions. This method is effective in finding exact solutions of many other similar equations.

Hozirgi kunda kontrollerlarning bir necha turlari mavjud bo’lib, Arduino Uno prinsipial jihatdan sodda, foydalanishga qulay hamda hamyonbop bo’lganligi bois boshqa kontrollerlardan ajralib turadi. U boshqa datchiklar bilan, misol tariqasida HC-SR04 datchigi, osongina kommunikatsiya o’rnata oladi. Quyida ularning xarakteristikasi va ko’zoynak uchun ularning potensialini tatqiq etish

Ikki diapazonli optik modulyatsiya va stimulyatsiya qilingan Brillouin tarqalishiga asoslangan optik vektor analizatori, shuningdek, OptiSystem dasturiy muhitida uni simulyatsiya qilish imkoniyati ko'rib chiqiladi.

This article talks about low water requiring cements, which is practiced in scientific laboratories of leading scientific centers and higher educational institutions engaged in the research of mineral binders and materials based on them in the world, reducing the release of carbon dioxide gas into the environment during cement production, the use of local raw materials and industrial waste in cement production, chemical additives and mechanical a lot of scientific and research work is being carried out on the effective use of activation. In this regard, it is important to develop optimal compositions of energy-efficient building materials, low-water demanding binders that allow the economy of Portland cement clinker in cement production, using local raw materials and man-made waste, as well as surfactants, in the scientific research conducted in this regard.

The aim of research work is development of the method and apparatus for separating heterogeneous «solid-solid» mixture in the three-phase fluidized bed.
The scientific novelty of the research consists in the following:
three-phase fluidized bed was used in the technology of processing agricultural raw materials, in particular, to separate the «pulp-skin» system and simultaneously wash the pulp with the application of the «airlift» effect;
formulas have been developed for calculating the rate of fluidization beginning Wpc and Wun entrainment in the three-phase fluidization of sufficiently high accuracy;
physical and mechanical properties were determined purified by the method of instantaneous release of pulp and skin and the physical model of the process of simultaneous separation, washing and sedimentation in the three-phase fluidized bed was developed;
the design of a partitioned distribution grid has been developed that provides an oscillating flow-out regime;
the method and apparatus for separating a «pulp-skin» mixture in the three-phase fluidized bed is developed.

Objects of research: onc-cylindcr high-speed diesel, piston, socket, insulated ceramic parts.
Aim of research: working out and practical realization of the scientific bases of creating transport diesel with lowered heat losses under heat insulated ceramic parts.
Research methods: theoretical and experimental research methods have been used in this work. Theoretical research is established on both three-dimensional model of the heatstressed state of a socket and piston and one-zonned and multizonncd models of the diesel working process.
Experimental research has been carried out on one-cylinder highspeed diesel 96x120 mm size and engine-free heat stand on the basis of the modem foreign and domestic measuring devices.
Received results and their novelty:
- technology of making heat insulated parts from silicon nitride for the main parts of the diesel foreseeing synthesis of the powder, pulverization and preparation of the mix, pressing and mechanical treatment has been developed; the optimal chemical composition of the powder Si3N4-Si С-ХгОг-УгОз on the basis of silicon nitride with high physical and mechanical characteristics has been worked out; setting of the heat insulated parts made from that powder composition on the piston and socket enabled to lower their common temperature level and give more even temperature field;
- three-dimensional models for investigation of the heatstressed state of the main and heat insulated sockets and pistons accounting real thermal limit conditions from the side of working body have been made;
- onczonncd model and algorithm of the calculation of the diesel working process foreseeing change of the momentary factor of air excess depending on the law of fuel feed and used as the basics for defining the speed of heat discrimination have been developed;
- experimental calculation method of defining speed of head discrimination in the combustion chamber of the highspeed diesel, founded on usage of the real indicator diagrams got experimentally, has been elaborated;
- semiempirieal formulae for the calculation of the local tangcncial speed of the whirling movement of the charge depending on the running cylinder radius and frequency of the crankshaft rotation has been received;
- multizonncd model of the working process in the diesels with the direct injection enabling to get meanings of the local nonstationary temperatures of the gases in the cylinder and to define the meanings of the zonal and total concentrations of the nitrogen oxide depending on regime and construction factors has been worked out.
Practical meaning:
- complex examination of the modelling the working process and heatstressed state of the piston engines presents an instrument having practical meaning for estimation of the possibilities and perspectives of the engines with the decreased heat losses;
- calculation theoretical bases of the designing diesels with the decreased branching of the heat from the working body, conversion of the serial diesels on the engines with the decreased heat losses have been developed;
- algorithms and programmers enabling to realize mathematical models and to solve the tasks of designing, finalization and modernization with the sufficient precision both for the serial and perspective diesels with the decreased heat losses have been worked out;
- method of experimental research of the heatstressed state of the piston has been developed; experimental unit with the automated measuring complex for examining of the working process of the highspeed diesels has been elaborated.
Inculcation and economic efficiency.
- developed technology of making heat insulated parts from silicon nitride for the main parts of the diesel, calculation experimental methods of investigation of the working process of the diesel, cylinder-piston group and practical recommendations on the choice of tuning and constructive parameters when designing and creating diesels with decreased branching of the heat from the working body have been taken for inculcation in CShS “UzDAEWOOAuto” and SLL“Autobilc Plant of Samarkand”, ShC “Uzavtosanoat”;
- the results of the thesis arc used in the teaching process at the Tashkent Automobile and Road Construction Institute and Moscow Automobile and Highways Institute when delivering lectures on “Theory and Construction of ICE”.
Field of applying: automobile construction, engine construction, scientific research.

Subjects of the inquiry: Alternative motor fuel, internal combustion engines, vehicles and stationary plants.
Aim of the inquiry: Development of scientific bases of estimation and effective ways of improvement energetic-ecological parameters of vehicles and stationary plant engines, working on alternative fuel by calculation, analysis and perfection of their characteristics, regulating the systems of their operation with the use of modem technologies.
Method of inquiry: the objective has been achieved by profound analysis and generalization of the executed theoretical and experimental works and modem world engine-construction tendencies, carrying out theoretical research on a mathematical-statistical model with application of the computer with use of complex methods, including the system analysis, performance of a complex laboratory - road and operational research on the basis of the modem foreign and domestic measuring equipment.
The results achieved and their novelty: Scientific novelty of the work is the following:
• To develop a method of the analysis of the energy-ecological parameters of ICE working on alternative motor fuels, allowing to perform a complex estimation of energy-ecological efficiency of their use in system with hierarchical structure;
• To develop a method of formation of estimated parameters of energy-ecological efficiency of use alternative motor fuels which is taking into account all influencing factors;
• To develop a method of formation of classification alternative motor fuels which is providing account of the basic attributes;
• To develop a method of calculation, modeling and predicting characteristic on wide open throttle position of ICE fueled with alternative fuels;
• To develop a method of calculation of the basic parameters of operating cycle of ICE fueled with alternative fuels;
• The obtained results of computational-experimental studies allow following:
- to develop new ways of neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases and mercaptan catching;
- to control ICE testing modes;
- to organize the working process of ICE, working on fuel mixtures (compression ratio controlling and recirculation of gas-diesel exhaust gases);
- enrichment of air-gas mixture with various liquid fuels;
• To develop a method to forecast on perspective alternative motor fuels and working mode of the ICE.
Practical value:
- A method of calculation of wide opened throttle characteristic of ICE on various fuels;
- A method of an estimation and application of alternative motor fuels in the system with hierarchical structure;
- A method of choice of estimated criteria of application of the alternative motor fuels at various stages of hierarchy of system («Ғ - ICE - V and SP - E - ER - S - IS»);
- The systems of testing ICE operation working on AF and equipped with various systems of reduction of toxicity of exhaust gases;
- A database on alternative motor fuels for development of reference materials; textbooks and manuals; normative documentation (GOST, SP, Technical conditions, RD); design development on Gas Equipment for vehicles and stationary plants; and also means of their technical services and repairing, diagnostics.
Degree of embed and economical affectivity: The developed recommendations on perfection of parameters of the gas-balloon equipment of the automobiles have been accepted and used in the Uzbek Agency of Automobile and River Transport, Navoi mountain - metallurgical plant, NPF ’’SAGA”, etc.
Economic efficiency of using alternative motor fuels in change of 1.3 million a petroleum fuels for Uzbekistan is 455 billion sums in a year.
Sphere of usage: motor industry, engine production industry, motor transport, and research works.

Maqolada kimyo sanoati korxonalarida mashina va apparatlardagi korroziyaning yuzaga kelishi, undan keladigan yo‘qotishlar, korroziyaga qarshi kurashishdan maqsad, korroziyani yuzaga keltiruvchi elementlar, jarayonlar va muhitlar xaqida ma’lumot berilgan, shuningdek korroziyaga qarshi kurashish yo‘llari bayon qilingan.

Maqolada Ho‘l usulda ishlovchi changli gazlarni tozalash va neytralizatsiyalash apparat konstruksiyalarining ustida ko‘plab ilmiy-tadqiqot izlanishlari olib borilgan va ularni yutuq va kamchiliklarini o‘rganish, tahlil qilish asosida ho‘l usulda changli gazlarni tozalovchi rotor filtrli apparatning yangi konstruksiyasi yaratilgan

Kimyoviy va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari ishlab chiqarishda turli xil changlarni havodan tozalash va korxonalardan chiqayotgan gazlarni texnologik va sanitariya jihatdan tozalash keng qo‘llaniladigan jarayonlardan hisoblanadi. Ushbu jarayonlarni joriy etish orqali raqobatbardosh va sifatli mahsulot ishlab chiqarishning texnologik rejimini oqilona tanlash, shuningdek, yuqori samaradorlikka ega yangi uskunalarni o‘zlashtirish dolzarb vazifa hisoblanadi. Nam jihozlardan foydalanish tendentsiyasi mavjud.