RELATIONSHIPS RELATED TO PRECIOUS STONES AND PRECIOUS METALS AS AN OBJECT OF CIVIL LAW REGULATION IN UZBEKISTAN

This study examines relationships related to precious stones and precious metals as objects of civil law regulation within the legal framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The research addresses the gap in national jurisprudence regarding the comprehensive study of civil-legal regulation of precious stones and metals in their natural state, moving beyond traditional focus on secondary market regulation and illegal circulation prevention. The analysis begins with constitutional foundations, particularly Article 68 of the Uzbekistan Constitution, which establishes underground resources as national wealth under state protection while emphasizing rational utilization. The study traces recent legislative developments, including Presidential Decree PQ-4030 of 2018, which legalized precious metals extraction through prospecting methods as entrepreneurship, addressing previous criminogenic situations arising from unregulated extraction activities. The study identifies three primary categories of civil-legal relationships: organizational relationships regarding land use rights for extraction activities, delivery relationships between prospectors and authorized purchasers, and liability relationships for regulatory violations.