Volume 4, issue 8, 2025
187
DETERMINATION OF THE DEPTH OF IMMERSION IN THE GROUND OF THE
SUPPORT WHEEL OF THE SUSPENSION FORK
Mukimova D.K.
Doctor of Philosophy of Technical Sciences (PhD), Andijan State
Technical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT:
The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the influence of the four-
div suspension fitting support wheel designed for all-wheel drive tractors of class 3-4, the
width and diameter of its node and the speed of the unit on the depth of immersion in the soil.
KEYWORDS:
suspension fork, support wheel, width and diameter of the support wheel
assembly, vertical pressure force, static volume coefficient of ground crushing, speed of the unit.
I.INTRODUCTION
It is known from the literature [1-5] that in order for the suspension fork to work, sinking to a
given depth and moving steadily (evenly) at this depth, its support wheel must constantly press
against the surface of the field, while the vertical pressure force on the ground, i.e. on the support
wheel, must have a certain optimal value, that is,
Z
M
Q Q
=
,
(1)
where is the vertical pressure force applied to the soil by the base wheel of the fork, N; - the
optimal value of the vertical pressure force applied to the soil by the base wheel of the fork,
which ensures the stability of the processing depth (drive), N.
It should be noted that even if the support wheel
Z
M
Q Q
<
of the plug can not adequately adapt
to the irregularities of the field surface, while
Z
M
Q Q
>
dragging the plug consumes excess
energy.
II. LITERATURE SYRVEY
(1) The depth of the fork drive when the condition is met is mainly achieved by changing the
depth of immersion of the support wheel in the soil [5-9]. Based on this, we investigate the depth
of immersion of the buried support wheel in the ground. We look at this as the fact that the
support wheel of the fork has a rigid node, that is, it does not deform.
III. METHODOLOGY
Let the support wheel of the fork move along the field, forming a trace at a depth of h
0
(Fig. 1).
dS=B
m
dl from the section of the base wheel node that is in interaction with the ground (where B
m
is the width of the node of the connected base wheel, m; dl is the elementary section, m), we
separate the elementary surface. The force of the elementary reaction of the soil acting on this
surface will be equal to
m
dN qB dl
=
,
(2)
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188
where q - is the relative ground pressure on the fork support wheel assembly, Pa;
Figure 1. Scheme for determining the depth of immersion of the buried support wheel in
the ground
It is known from the literature [4, 10] that the specific ground pressure on the support wheel
assembly, taking into account the speed of the unit, will be equal to
(
)
2
0
1
cos
cos
a
m
q h
kV
p
p
a
a
+
=
=
(3)
in this case, p
m
is the specific resistance of the soil to vertical crushing, Pa; q
0
is the static volume
coefficient of crushing of the ball bearing, N / m
3
; - vertical deformation of the soil at the point
under consideration, m; k is the proportionality coefficient, c
2
/m
2
;
а
V
–the speed of the unit, m/s;
a
- the central angle, degree, which determines the position of the elementary surface separated
from the part of the support wheel assembly in contact with the ball, relative to the vertical
diameter of the support wheel.
When considering expression (3), expression (2) will have the following form
(
)
2
0
1
cos
m
a
q h B
kV dl
dN
a
+
=
(4)
According to the scheme in Figure 1
(
)
0
cos
cos
2
D
h
a
a
=
-
;
(5)
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189
2
D
dl
d
a
=
,
(6)
where D- is the diameter of the main wheel of the plug, m;
0
-is the angle of immersion of the
base wheel in the ground, degree, d - the elementary angle of subtraction, degree.
Taking into account expressions (5) and (6), expression (4) will look like this
(
)
(
)
2
2
0
0
1
cos
cos
4cos
m
a
q B D
kV
dN
d
a
a
a
a
+
-
=
(7)
We will divide it
dN
into vertical
Z
dN
and horizontal
X
dN
organizers. The sum
Z
dN
of the
vertical components will be equal to the force of the vertical pressure exerted
Z
Q
on the ground
by the support wheel, i.e.
(
)
(
)
0
2
2
0
0
0
1
cos
cos
cos
4
m
a
Z
q B D
kV
Q
dN
d
a
a
a
a
a
+
-
=
=
(8)
Integrating the right-hand side of expression (8) in the range from 0 to
0
, we get the following
result
(
)
(
)
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
sin
cos
4
m
a
Z
q B D
kV
Q
a a
a
+
=
-
(9)
From the diagram in Figure 1
2
0
0
0
2
sin
Dh h
D
a
-
=
;
(10)
2
0
0
0
2
arcsin
Dh h
D
a
-
=
;
(11)
and
0
0
2
cos
D
h
D
a
-
=
.
(12)
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190
Given expressions (10)-(12), expression (9) will have the following form
(
)
(
)
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
2 arcsin
4
m
a
Z
q B D
kV
Dh h
Q
Dh h
D
h
D
+
-
=
-
-
-
.
(13)
IV.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
For a four-div suspension fork aggregated with wheeled tractors of 3-4 classes
Z
Q
=
M
Q
= 5,5 kN, q
0
= 2·10
7
N/m
3
[2-3], the speed of the unit
а
V
= 6 and 9 km/h and the
proportionality coefficient
k
= 0,08 [9], numerical methods for solving (13) were adopted and
applied. Graphs of the change in the depth of immersion B
m
of the support wheel of the fork in
the soil h
0
at different values of D are plotted (Figure 2). Depending on the data obtained, as the
width and diameter of the wheel assembly increased, the depth of its immersion in the ground
decreased.
a)
b)
1
-
d
T
= 40 сm; 2-d
T
= 50 сm; 3
-
d
T
= 60 сm; 4-d
T
= 70 сm;
a, b - speed of 6 and 9 km / h, respectively
Figure 2. Graphs of the change in the depth of immersion of the buried support wheel in
the ground, depending on its diameter and the width of the node
The increase in speed from 6 km / h to 9 km / h also reduced the depth of immersion of the base
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191
wheel in the ground.
According to the current agrotechnical requirements, the deviation of the plowing depth from the
specified one should not exceed ±2 cm. To do this, as the graphs shown in Figure 2 show, the
width of the fork wheel assembly must be at least 22 cm, and the diameter must be at least 40 cm.
V.CONCLUSION
The conducted studies have shown that in order for a four-div suspension fork aggregated with
class 3-4 wheeled tractors to be able to move evenly along the drive depth at speeds of 6 and 9
km / h, the width and diameter of its support wheel assembly must be at least 22 and 40 cm,
respectively.
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