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ANALYSIS OF MORBIDITY RATES BY TYPE OF HELMINTHIASIS (ON
THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF TASHKENT)
Fayziboev Pirmamat Normamatovich
Samarkand State Medical University
Head of the Department of Hygiene,
MD, Associate Professor
Zhavkharov Shokhrukh Zhirakul ugli
Clinical residents of the Department of
Hygiene
Boborakhmatov Sultanali Salomovich
Clinical residents of the Department of
Hygiene
Fayziboev Bekzod Pirmamat ugli
Alfraganus University student
Аннотация:
Многие исследователи считают, что факторы передачи яиц
гельминтозов: детские горшки, стулья, игрушки и другие предметы, которые
соприкасаются с руками. В Узбекистане наиболее важным фактором передачи яиц в
сельских условиях являются детские сладости, халва и другие пищевые продукты.
Также в распространении возбудителя гименолепидоза в некоторой степени
участвуют и мухи. Наличие промежуточного хозяина, несущего яйца остается под
вопросом до сих пор.
Ключевые слова:
Паразиты, патологические изменения, черви, детские дома,
эпидемиологическое расследование.
Аннотация:
Тадқиқотчилар томонидан ўрганилган кўпгина маълумотларга кўра
гелминтоз тухумларининг юқиш омиллари: чақалоқ идишлари, стуллар, ўйинчоқлар ва қўллар
билан алоқа қиладиган бошқа нарсалар орқали юқуши бизга маълум. Ўзбекистонда қишлоқ
шароитида гелминтоз тухуми орқали касалликни юқтиришда энг муҳим омили бўлиб,
болалар севиб истъемол қиладиган ширинликлар, ҳолва ва бошқа озиқ-овқат маҳсулотлари
ҳисобланади.
Шу билан бирга, гименолепидоз патогенининг тарқалишида чивинлар ҳам маълум
даражада иштирок этади. Оралиқ тухум қўядиган хўжайиннинг мавжудлиги бугунги
кунгача ноаниқ бўлиб қолмоқда.
Калит сўзлар:
паразитлар, патологик ўзгаришлар, қуртлар, меҳрибонлик уйлари,
эпидемиологик изланишлар.
Актуальность темы:
About 270 species of helminths have been identified
worldwide that are parasitic in the human div. Parasitic diseases remain one of the
urgent problems of public health (Onishchenko G.G., 2000), which is explained by
their widespread occurrence and the ability to cause various pathological changes in
the human div (Sergiev V.P., 1998; Katz M., 1975). Parasitic diseases cause serious
damage to health, especially dangerous for children (Serov V.P. et al., 1997; Katz M.,
13
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1975; Gendler D. et al., 2003). Parasitoses affect a significant part of the world's
population, which leads to serious social and economic consequences (Romanenko
N.A., 2005; Olmasov M.M., 2008).
Improving the cultural and living standards of the population, improving
agricultural and urban hygiene, as well as regular preventive measures against
helminthiasis have led to a noticeable decrease in the incidence of parasitic diseases
in Uzbekistan. Nevertheless, despite the successes achieved, 10-12 types of
helminthiasis are still registered in the republic. Diseases such as enterobiosis,
hymenolepidosis, ascariasis, teniarynchosis and trichocephalosis continue to be
widespread in some areas.
Objective:
Early detection and prevention of cases of hymenolepidosis among
organized and unorganized preschool children, children entering kindergartens,
orphanages, schools and camps, as well as among employees of children's collectives
and employees of catering establishments.
Research materials:
The study used official reports on the incidence of
helminthiasis among various population groups provided by the Republican Service
for Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health, as well as data from
epidemiological surveys conducted in epidemic foci.
The results of the study:
Analyzing the incidence rates of various types of
helminthiasis, the following data were obtained. In 2018, 63 cases of ascariasis were
identified, of which 49 (77.7%) were children. The infection index among both adults
and children was 0.01%, and by 2022 the incidence rate remained at the same level.
In the analyzed years, the incidence of hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis among
children in Tashkent significantly exceeded those among adults. For example, in
2018, 161 people were infected with hymenolepidosis, 132 of them (81.0%) were
children. In 2022, 127 (89.4%) of the 142 cases were children. Also, 96.0% of those
with enterobiosis in 2018 and 95.7% in 2022 were children. On the other hand, the
incidence of teniarynchosis (84.2% in 2018 and 69.0% in 2022) and echinococcosis
(91.3% in 2018 and 81.2% in 2022) was significantly higher among adults. These
figures indicate that in the conditions of Tashkent, helminthiasis transmitted by
contact (hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis) are most often found, followed by
ascariasis, as well as biohelminthiasis such as teniarynchosis and echinococcosis. The
analysis of the incidence of helminthiasis among children in Tashkent for the period
2016-2022 is presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Cases of helminthiasis among children in the city of Tashkent in 2016-2022.
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7.1
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10
Ye
ar
s
Th
e
to
ta
l
nu
m
be
r
of
ver
if
ied
Th
e
nu
m
be
r
of
di
agnos
ed
случаев
Th
e
nu
m
be
r
of
exam
ined
chi
ldr
en
under
th
e a
ge
o
f 1
4
Nu
m
be
r
of
di
agnos
ed
cas
es
Number
of
orphaned
children
School
students
Preschoolers
Number
of
cases
Number
of
cases
Number
of
cases
2016
568713
10641
419780
10127
1837
2201
6254
2017
590654
10084
446514
9662
1639
1863
5743
2018
575046
9628
426541
9164
1500
2213
5350
2019
568921
9243
429805
8815
1244
2289
5096
2020
569931
9184
431067
8749
1215
2214
4990
2021
558833
7635
425430
7238
1239
2005
3861
2022
551083
7772
421462
7391
1138
2029
3924
Table 1 shows that the incidence of helminthiasis is especially high among
preschool children. For example, in 2019, 5,096 pupils of these institutions were
found to have various helminthiasis, which amounted to an infection index of 5.4%.
In 2020, this index rose to 5.5%. It is also noticeable that the incidence rates among
schoolchildren are significantly higher than among unorganized children. In 2019,
2,289 cases of helminthiasis with an infection index of 1.47% were detected among
schoolchildren, while 1,244 children with an index of 1.3% were infected among
unorganized children. In 2020, the results were similar.
Based on the conducted research, the following conclusions can be drawn. In
the conditions of the city of Tashkent, the highest incidence of ascariasis,
hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis is observed among children, while adults are
more likely to suffer from teniarinchiasis and echinococcosis. The highest incidence
rates of helminthiasis were registered among pupils of preschool institutions, then
among schoolchildren and unorganized children. The high incidence of contact-
transmitted helminthiasis (enterobiosis, hymenolepidosis) among preschool children
can be explained by insufficient hygiene habits in children.
Analyzing the data by gender, it turned out that 67% of patients with ascariasis
are men, and 33% are women.
For other helminthiasis, the results are as follows: teniarynchosis — 56% men
and 44% women, hymenolepidosis — 50.1% men and 49.9% women, enterobiosis
— 75% men and 25% women, echinococcosis — 54% men and 46% women.
Thus, in the conditions of Tashkent, men most often suffer from helminthiasis.
Conclusion:
Early detection and treatment of patients are key factors in the
fight against diseases. Special attention is paid to the following groups: organized
15
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and unorganized preschool children, children entering kindergartens, schools,
orphanages and camps, employees of children's institutions, employees of public
catering enterprises, as well as family members in whom a case of the disease has
been identified. It is necessary to separate patients with hymenolepidosis into
separate groups in kindergartens and homes. Children who have had helminthiasis
should be under medical supervision for two years.
The literature used:
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