FACTORS AND CAUSES OF HELMINTHIC DISEASES AND THE INFLUENCE OF THESE FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE RATE

6

7.1

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10

FACTORS AND CAUSES OF HELMINTHIC DISEASES AND THE

INFLUENCE OF THESE FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE RATE (ON THE

EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF TASHKENT)

Boysariev Bekzod Zhora

Clinical residents of the Department of
Hygiene

Scientific supervisor:
Fayziboev Pirmamat Normamatovich

Abdimuminova Laylo Abdimuminovna

Samarkand State Medical University
Head of the Department of Hygiene, MD,
Associate Professor

Аннотация:

Соғлом турмуш тарзи учун қишлоқ хўжалигини юқори технологияларга

асосланган ҳолда ривожлантириш, инсонларнинг камроқ касалликларга чалинишини
борасида керакли чорала-тадбирларни ишлаб чиқишдан иборат. Бироқ, паразит
организмлар табиатда кенг тарқалган бўлиб, миллий иқтисодиёт ва инсон саломатлигига
катта зарар етказаётган бир давирда уларни ўрганиш ва қарши курашиш ҳам муҳим
топшириқлардан биридир.

Калит сўзлар:

паразитар касалликлар, алоқа усули, аскридоз, гелминтознинг барча

турлари.

Аннотация:

Для благополучного здорового образа жизни важно развивать сельское

хозяйство на основе высоких технологий, разрабатывать и применять меры для того,
чтобы люди реже болели. Однако, в природе широко распространены паразитические
организмы, наносящие большой вред национальной экономике и здоровью людей, важно
изучать их и разрабатывать контрмеры.

Ключевые слова:

Паразитарные заболевания, способ общения, аскридозы, все виды

гельминтозов.

Relevance of the topic:

In many regions, the endemicity of helminthiasis is

associated with socio-economic, historical and demographic processes. Therefore, the
fight against these diseases is relevant both from an economic and political point of
view. The improvement of the cultural and living standards of the population, the
growth of the culture of agricultural activities, as well as regular preventive measures
against helminthiasis contributed to a significant decrease in the incidence of parasitic
infections in our republic.

The purpose of the study:

The aim of the study is to study the factors causing

helminthiasis in Uzbekistan, as well as the influence of these factors on morbidity
rates.

Research materials:

The study used official reports of the Sanitary and

Epidemiological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent on

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the incidence of helminthiasis for the period from 2015 to 2022, as well as data from
epidemiological studies conducted in foci of infection.

The results of the study:

In Tashkent, from 2015 to 2022, 594350 (in 2015) to

551083 (in 2022) people were tested for the presence of helminthiasis. In 2015, out of
594,350 people tested, 10936 (1.8%) were infected, and in 2020, out of 569931
people, 9184 (1.6%) were infected. During the period under review, a total of 75,124
cases were registered, among which mainly contact-transmitted helminthiasis -
enterobiosis (72722 people, 1.6%) were diagnosed. Also, 688 patients with ascariasis
were registered in the city, the infection index was 0.01%. For other helminthiasis,
the following data were obtained: teniarynchosis - 170 people (0.003%),
hymenolepidosis - 1315 people (0.02%), echinococcosis - 229 people (0.9%). The
incidence of helminthiasis among the population of Tashkent in 2015-2022 is
presented in Table 1.

Table 1
The incidence of helminthiasis among the population of Tashkent in 2015-

2022 (in absolute numbers).

Ye

ar

s

Nu

mb

er

of

sam

pl

es

Th

e

si

ck

ar

e

ab

so

lu

te.

w

it

h

Including

En

te

ro

bi

os

is

mu

tl

ok

.wi

th

Hy

me

no

le

pi

dos

is

ab

so

lu

te.

w

it

h

As

ca

ri

as

is

ab

so

lu

te.

w

it

h

Te

ni

ar

in

ho

z

ab

so

lu

t.s

Ec

hi

no

co

cc

os

is

ab

so

lu

te.

w

it

h

2015 594350 10936 10450

292

106

42

46

2016 568713 10641

10231

188

153

28

41

2017 590654 10084 9779

157

95

22

31

2018 575046 9629

9355

149

83

22

20

2019 568921 9243

8977

161

63

19

23

2020 569931 9184

8942

142

68

16

16

2021 558833 7635

7424

118

58

10

25

2022 551083 7772

7564

108

62

11

27

According to the results of checking external sources of the environment, fruits

and vegetables for helminth eggs in Tashkent in 2016-2022, the following data were
obtained (Table 2).

Table-2
Information from the Department of Parasitology of the SESTashkent on

the number of studies conducted

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Year
s

The
number
of eggs
subject
ed

to

researc
h

Positive
results

Soil

Vegetables
and fruits

Open water
sources

The number of
helminth eggs
subjected

to

research

Total Positive

results

Итог
о

Positive
results

Total Positiv

e
results

Total Positive

results

2016 98338 524

1312 9

150
4

2

555

2

94966
7

511

2017 96353 462

1524 1

161
4

5

739

5

9247
6

451

2018 88628 268

2211 -

158
9

-

653

3

8476
8

265

2019 86460 306

1490 -

162
1

-

659

2

8269
0

304

2020 86210 358

1246 3

136
2

3

568

2

8303
4

350

2021 85647 288

1463 -

137
9

-

608

-

8219
7

288

2022 88164 300

1531 -

164
9

-

752

2

8423
2

298

Итого 62980

0

2506

1077
7

13

1071
8

10

4534 16

60436
4

2467

According to the results of the inspection of external environmental sources in

Tashkent, 10777 soil samples were taken in 2016-2022, of which 13 (0.12%) gave a
positive result. Similar results were also obtained when checking fruits and vegetables:
out of 10,718 samples, 10 (0.09%) were positive. When checking samples from open
reservoirs and samples of epidemiological significance, the level of positive results was
significantly higher. For example, out of 4,534 tested samples of open reservoirs, 16
(0.35%) turned out to be positive. Out of 604,364 samples taken in institutions, 2,467
(0.4%) positive results were obtained.

Thus, the collected data indicate that in the conditions of Tashkent there are

sufficient conditions for the spread of all types of helminthiasis (bio-, geo- and contact
pathways). This, in turn, underlines the need to strengthen measures aimed at
interrupting the second stage of the epidemic process. A comparative analysis of the
incidence of helminthiasis in Tashkent for 2018-2022 is presented in Table 3.

Table-3

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Comparative analysis of the incidence of helminthiasis in Tashkent in 2018-

2022

Identified helminthiasis

2018

2022

Absolute. With

Absolute With

Number of analyses

568921
429805

569931
431067

Number of identified patients

9243
8815

9184
8749

Ascariasis

63
49

68
50

Teniarinhoz

19
3

16
5

Hymenolepidosis

161
132

142
127

Enterobiosis

8977
8629

8941
8564

Echinococcosis

23
2

16
3

Note:

all verified persons are represented, the certificate contains information

about children. The table shows that in 2018, 568,921 people in Tashkent were
checked for the presence of helminthiasis, of which 429,805 (75.5%) were children.
The infection index among adults was 1.62 ± 0.016%, and among children — 2.05 ±
0.21%. Similar figures were obtained in 2022 (1.61 ± 0.16% and 2.02 ± 0.021%,
respectively).

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