INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
298
FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE MAIN DOCUMENTS IN THE FIELD OF
HYGIENE AND MEDICAL ECOLOGY
Abdusalomov Abdulhay Abdumalik ugli
Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health
Fergana, Uzbekistan
Abstract
: The concept of the environment. The environment is understood as the environment
surrounding a person and its components, including atmospheric air, water, soil, food products, as
well as a set of hygienic factors in which production and human economic activities are observed
and which can affect the human div. The main objects of the environment include air, water, soil,
food products, working and living conditions, and conditions for the upbringing and education of
children and adolescents. Each of these objects has certain characteristics, therefore it is
permissible to divide these factors into the following groups.
Keywords:
Environment, human, existence, atmosphere, air, water, soil, food, production,
economic activity, organism, object, cocktail, life, conditions, children, teenagers, upbringing,
education.
INTRODUCTION
Physical factors - temperature, humidity, speed of movement of the air, atmospheric pressure,
noise, vibration, dustiness of the air, radiation of various nature, electromagnetic waves. Many
physical factors in the environment are considered natural and in some conditions are very
necessary for human life and activity; the remaining factors, since they are of artificial origin
(laser rays, ultra-high-frequency electric fields, etc.), are not a necessary factor for the human
div. Physical factors of natural and artificial nature have a harmful effect on the div in certain
conditions and degrees, as a result of which they can cause pathological conditions in the div.
Chemical factors. The entire environment surrounding a person contains a complex of chemical
factors. They are part of air, water, soil, and food products. The unity of the human div and the
environment is associated with the relationship and balance between the natural chemical
composition of external environmental objects and the human div. The presence of a particular
chemical element in environmental objects in high or low levels is also reflected in the human
div, especially since chemical compounds artificially formed in environmental objects are
foreign to the div and can cause poisoning in the div when their amounts exceed permissible
levels.
Biological factors. The group of biological factors includes macro- and micro-organisms of
various nature, viruses, fungi, helminths or their products in the environment surrounding us.
Some types of microorganisms in the environment play a positive role. Because they participate in
the self-purification processes of water and soil, and some types of microorganisms are widely
used in the production of food products. The constant presence of microbes, viruses, fungi in
environmental objects is considered undesirable from a hygienic point of view.
Social factors. These factors include people's working conditions, recreation, daily living
conditions, and the provision of medical services to the population. Social factors are very
complex in their composition, and their nature and, above all, depend on the socio-economic
conditions of a particular country.
MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
299
Studying the impact of the above factors on the human div, the science of hygiene is closely
related to other natural sciences, including physiology, toxicology, chemistry, physics, clinical
sciences, etc. Taking into account the large number of factors in the environment and the different
characteristics of their impact by nature, hygienic standards and regulations have been established
for them. Based on the established standards, they have been developed taking into account the
amount of harmful effects on the human div.
For example, microclimate parameters of living spaces, levels of natural and artificial lighting in
rooms, water consumption standards, physiological standards of nutrition.
Regulations are permissible parameters of environmental factors, which can apply to any of the
groups of factors listed. For example, hygienic regulations include permissible concentrations of
chemical factors in the air and water environment, permissible levels of noise and vibration,
permissible doses of radioactive substances, and standards for ultra-high-frequency
electromagnetic fields.
Compliance with hygienic standards not only affects the normal growth and development of the
human div, but also plays a significant role in preventing various diseases.
The creation of hygienic standards is a very complex process, which is created through various
experiments.
Hygienic standardization is carried out in the following stages:
Step 1: Collecting information on the required amount of standard.
Step 2: Establishing hygienic standards based on the collected data.
Step 3: Revising the standard and replacing it with a new one if necessary.
In addition, the following basic principles should be observed in the process of hygienic
regulation.
1. Safety principles
2. The principle of progress.
3. The principle of O.
4. The principle of the threshold.
All hygienic standards are divided into 2 large groups.
1. Constant hygienic standards.
2. Temporary hygienic standards.
Regular hygienic standards include:
PDK – tolerable concentration, predlno dopustimaya concentration.
PDD – tolerable dose, predlenno dostimaya dose.
PDU is a permissible level, predelno dostimie urovni.
PDV – the permissible amount of harmful substances released into the atmosphere,
acceptable vozdeystvie.
PDS is the allowable quantity for liquid waste discharged to wastewater predelno dosimiy sbros
stochnyx vod v vodoyomax.
DKM – the number of migrants that can be allowed, dostimaya concentration migrants.
DOC is the allowable residual amount, dostimaya ostatochnayaconcentration.
DSD – tolerable daily amount, dostimaya sutochnaya dose.
OBUV – estimated safe exposure level, orientirovochno bezopasnye level vozdeystvya.
GOST – state standards, gosudarstvennye standarty.
SanPiN – sanitary rules and regulations, sanitary rules and norms.
RESULTS
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
300
Sanitary and epidemiological well – being of the population is a state of population health in
which there is no harmful effect of environmental factors on a person and favorable conditions are
provided for his vital activity.
State sanitary control – activities aimed at preventing, identifying and eliminating violations of
legislation on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.
Human living environment - a set of objects, phenomena and environmental factors that
determine the conditions of human life.
Sanitary and hygienic measures and anti-epidemic measures - organizational, administrative,
engineering and technical, medical and sanitary measures and other measures aimed at preventing
the occurrence and spread of infectious and parasitic diseases and eliminating them.
Sanitary and epidemiological situation - the state of the living environment and health of the
population in a specific territory at a specific time.
Sanitary and epidemiological service - a single system that includes state sanitary and
epidemiological surveillance centers, centers for combating acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, disinfection stations, centers for the prevention of plague, quarantine and highly
dangerous infections, and research institutions.
Restrictive measures (quarantine) are administrative, medical and sanitary measures and other
measures aimed at preventing the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases, providing for a
special procedure for economic and other activities, restrictions on the movement of the
population, vehicles, cargo and (or) goods.
Infectious and parasitic diseases are human diseases that arise and spread due to the influence of
biological factors of the environment in which a person lives and the possibility of transmission of
the disease from a sick person or animal to a healthy person.
The Chief Sanitary Doctor:
Heads the sanitary-epidemiological service, determines the main tasks of state sanitary control
and priority areas for its implementation.
Approves sanitary rules, norms and hygiene standards.
Approves regulatory and technical documents on determining the impact of environmental factors
on the human div.
Approves the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the procedure for conducting
preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indicators.
Determines areas that are dangerous to people's life and health, where the population's residence
and economic activities are prohibited.
Coordinates measures for the sanitary protection of territories from the introduction and spread of
infectious and parasitic diseases.
Issues decisions on the implementation of appropriate sanitary-hygienic measures and anti-
epidemic measures in cases where there is a risk of the emergence and spread of infectious and
parasitic diseases that pose a danger to others.
It issues permits for the import and production of new food additives, specially added biologically
active substances, chemicals, biological agents and materials, polymer and plastic masses,
perfumes and cosmetics based on their toxicological and hygienic assessment.
It exercises control over the targeted use of republican and local epidemic funds and material and
technical resources allocated for sanitary and hygienic measures and anti-epidemic measures.
Considers complaints about decisions of sanitary and epidemiological service institutions, as well
as actions (inaction) of their officials.
Junior sanitary doctors:
Heads the institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service under their jurisdiction.
Gives conclusions on projects for the construction and reconstruction of facilities.
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
301
Determines areas that are dangerous to people's life and health, where the population's residence
and economic activities are prohibited.
Carries out measures to protect the relevant territory from the entry and spread of infectious and
parasitic diseases.
Carries out sanitary and hygienic measures and anti-epidemic measures during the elimination of
emergencies and outbreaks of infectious and parasitic diseases, including jointly with interested
ministries and departments.
Issues mandatory instructions to be followed by state bodies and other bodies, legal entities and
individuals to eliminate violations of legislative acts.
DISCUSSION
Officials exercising sanitary control are granted the following rights within the scope of their
powers:
a) to issue instructions on the elimination of violations of sanitary rules, norms and hygiene
standards, and to demand their elimination from state bodies and other bodies, legal entities and
individuals;
b) to exercise control over compliance with sanitary rules, norms and hygiene standards in
projects for the construction and reconstruction of facilities;
c) to provide state bodies and other bodies, legal entities and individuals in accordance with the
established procedure:
- on projects for the planning and construction of settlements and perspective plans for the
placement of facilities, as well as projects for the construction and reconstruction of enterprises,
buildings and structures;
- on the allocation of land plots for construction, determination of places of water use for
economic and domestic purposes and conditions for discharging wastewater after its purification,
disposal and burial of toxic, chemical, radioactive and other substances;
- on the compliance of structures, residential premises, medical and preventive, educational,
cultural, sports institutions and other institutions, production buildings and sanitary and domestic
buildings, as well as equipment, vehicles with sanitary rules, norms and hygiene standards;
- to issue conclusions on the proposals submitted on the standard order of training and training of
students in educational institutions;
g) to enter the facilities of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in accordance with the
procedure established by law in order to monitor the implementation of sanitary rules, norms and
hygiene standards;
d) employers:
- to dismiss from work persons who do not regularly comply with sanitary rules, norms and
hygiene standards, anti-epidemic procedures and pose a risk of spreading infectious and parasitic
diseases, taking into account the specific characteristics of production and the nature of the work
performed;
- to require the implementation of sanitary and hygienic measures and anti-epidemic measures;
e) to receive food products, goods, objects and materials for sanitary and hygienic examination,
laboratory tests, to conduct tests directly at the facilities themselves using the necessary laboratory
and equipment;
j) to involve specialists from ministries, state committees and departments, as well as
representatives of the public, in the implementation of state sanitary control in accordance with
the established procedure.
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
302
REFERENCES
1. Sharobidinovna, A. D., & Baxtiyor, S. (2022). ORGANIZMDAGI SUV BALANSINING
SALOMATLIK UCHUN AHAMIYATI.
SO ‘NGI ILMIY TADQIQOTLAR NAZARIYASI
,
5
(1),
69-72.
2. Sharobidinovna, A. D., & Baxtiyor, S. (2020, December). THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER
FOR THE SPORTS BODY. In
Конференции
.
3.
Шерматов Р. М., Солиев Б., Атаджанова Д. Ш. ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ ПИЩЕВОЙ
НЕПЕРЕНОСИМОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В ГОРОДСКОЙ И
СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ.
4.
Шерматов Р. М., Солиев Б., Атаджанова Д. Ш. ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО
ТЕЧЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗОДЕФИЦИТНОЙ АНЕМИИ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА.
5.
Камбаров, Б. Б. (2024, November). ОСНОВЫ ЗДОРОВОГО ПИТАНИЯ. In
Russian-
Uzbekistan Conference
(Vol. 1, No. 1).
6. Imaraliyevich, O. M. (2025). STUDYING THE SOUTH KOREA HEALTHCARE
SYSTEM.
Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
,
12
(01), 74-77.
7. Osbayov, M. I. (2024). ORGANIZING HEALTHY NUTRITION FOR CHILDREN.
Ethiopian
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
,
11
(12), 336-338.
8. Osboyev, M. I. (2024). INTRODUCTION OF THE TERM ALLERGY INTO SCIENCE AND
ALLERGIC
CONDITIONS.
Ethiopian
International
Journal
of
Multidisciplinary
Research
,
11
(12), 43-46.
9. Imaraliyevich, O. M. (2025). REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROMOTION ISSUES.
Ethiopian
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
,
12
(01), 214-216.
10. Imaraliyevich, O. M. (2025). STUDYING THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON
HUMAN HEALTH.
Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
,
12
(01), 252-
255.
11. Muhammadkadirovich, M. U. B. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF MICROELEMENTS IN A
HEALTHY NUTRITION.
Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
,
11
(12),
666-669.
12. Мараимов, У. М. (2024, December). ОСНОВЫ ГИГИЕНЫ ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА
ЖИЗНИ. In
Russian-Uzbekistan Conference
(pp. 186-188).
13.
Muhammadkadirovich, M. U. B. (2025). THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNAL HYGIENE
IN PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH.
Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research
,
12
(02), 367-372.
14. Tavakkalovich, I. D. (2025, January). EFFECTS OF POLLUTED AIR ON THE BODY.
In
Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences
(pp. 121-126).
15.
Tavakkal o‘g‘li, I. D. (2025). VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN CLIMACTERIC WOMEN
WITH DIABETES MELLITUS.
SHOKH LIBRARY
.
16.
Tavakkal o‘g‘li, I. D. (2025). DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS FOR
CONDUCTING PRACTICAL TRAINING IN HYGIENE SCIENCE IN HIGHER MEDICAL
EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS USING EFFECTIVE AND MODERN METHODS.
SHOKH
LIBRARY
.
17.
Иргашева, М. (2025). Симуляция в клиническом сестринском образовании.
Общество и
инновации
,
6
(2/S), 107-112.
18.
Gochadze, A. L., & Irgasheva, M. D. (2016). Using clinical interactive games on lessons in
medical colleges.
Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных и естественных наук
, (5-6), 26-28.
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
303
19. Parpieva, O. R., Muydinova, E., Safarova, G., & Boltaboeva, N. (2020). Social and
psychological aspects of a healithy life style.
ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary
Research Journal
,
10
(11), 1364-1368.
20. Расулов, Ф. Х., Борецкая, А. С., Маматкулова, М. Т., & Рузибаева, Ё. Р. (2024).
INFLUENCE AND STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF UZBEKISTAN ON THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM.
Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing
,
2
(12), 118-124.
21. Ravshanovna, R. Y., & Abduxoliq o'g'li, R. A. (2024). Clinical and Morphological
Characteristics and Treatment of Gaucher Disease.
Miasto Przyszłości
,
49
, 1407-1412.
22. Рузибоева, Е. Р., & Каримов, А. Р. (2021). Эпидемиологические особенности рака
шейки матки.
23. РУЗИБОЕВА, Е. Р., & КАРИМОВ, А. Р. ФАКТОРЫ, ПРЕДРАСПОЛАГАЮЩИЕ К
РАЗВИТИЮ РАКА ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ СРЕДИ ЖЕНЩИН ФЕРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ЗА
ПЕРИОД 2017-2021 Г. Г.
ИНТЕРНАУКА Учредители: Общество с ограниченной
ответственностью" Интернаука"
, 31-32.
