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REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE TYPE OF
TANGACHALIS
Sharapova Gulnoza Valentinovna
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Pedagogical Sciences,
Navoi State University
Mansurova Shahrizoda
4th year student of Biology
ANNOTATION:
The article studies the reproductive and developmental characteristics of
reptiles belonging to the order of the Tangachidae.The biological diversity of animals belonging
to the order, their reproductive forms such as egg-laying, live birth and parthenogenesis, as well
as the stages of embryological development are covered. Their ecological adaptability and
reproduction in accordance with their habitat are also studied.
Keywords:
Colubridae, snakes, gatoria, parthenogenesis, embryogenesis, amnion, chorion,
allantois.
Squamata is the largest and most diverse order of reptiles. It includes lizards (Lacertilia), snakes
(Serpentes), and bipedal lizards (Amphisbaenia). They are widespread throughout the world and
live in different climatic zones. Representatives of this group have various biological adaptations
in reproduction and development. These features determine their evolutionary success. Unlike
amphibians, reptiles do not have a larval period, and the young hatch from eggs live in the same
conditions as their parents. With the exception of the Hatteria, all reptiles have a mating organ.
Their activity increases during the mating season. Most reptiles lay eggs covered with leathery or
hard calcareous shells. Reptile eggs are larger than amphibians. Since reptile eggs contain a large
amount of nutrients, their embryos develop without metamorphosis. Reptiles lay far fewer eggs
than amphibians. This is due to the fact that most reptiles show care for their offspring (burying
their eggs in the ground, building nests) and the development of a thick eggshell
1. Reproduction:
Animals belonging to the order of the spongiform encephalopathies reproduce
mainly by internal fertilization. After mating, fertilization occurs using the male's copulatory
organ, the hemipenis.
Reproduction forms are divided into the following types according to their biological diversity:
*Oviparous species - Female animals in this group lay eggs. The eggs develop in the external
environment for a certain period of time, from which a fully formed young emerge. For example,
many lizards and some snakes are examples of this.
*Viviparous species - in such animals, the fertilized egg develops inside the mother's div and
gives birth to fully formed, active young. This condition occurs in some snakes and lizards that
live in cold climates.
*Ovoviviparous species - in this case, the eggs develop inside the mother's div, but the young
develop inside the egg and emerge at birth. Such development occurs in specific ecological
conditions, not completely related to plants.
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*Parthenogenesis (reproduction without fertilization) - some congeners, for example, Lizards of
the genus Darevskia reproduce by parthenogenesis, in which females give birth without
fertilization, meaning that offspring are genetically identical to the parent organism.
2. Embryological development
In the egg of ciliates, embryonic membranes such as amnion, chorion, and allantois form. These
membranes create the necessary conditions for the embryo: amnion - protection, allantois - waste
collection and gas exchange, and chorion is involved in gas exchange and nutrition.
The duration of development depends on the biology of each species, its habitat, and temperature.
For example, in lizards living in warm climates, hatching occurs within 30-60 days.
Summary
The reproduction and development of representatives of the order of ants is complex.
They have biological and ecological adaptations. Their reproductive strategies, such as egglaying,
live birth, and parthenogenesis, play an important role in their geographic distribution and
successful survival in the wild. Also, the unique features of the embryonic development process
distinguish them from other reptiles. This makes them stand out as an evolutionarily successful
group.
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
993
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the evolution of viviparity. Bioscience, 50(3), pp.227-238.
