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MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS: CRITERIA FOR SELECTION BASED ON
AGE AND INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
Ortiqova Munisa Yusufaliyevna
Republic Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Mother and Child Health
Abstract:
Modern contraceptive methods not only protect against pregnancy but also play roles
in preserving women's health, regulating hormonal balance, and correcting menstrual disorders.
This article analyzes the types of contraceptive methods and the criteria for their selection based
on age, physiological condition, chronic diseases, reproductive plans, and personal preferences.
Keywords:
contraception, hormonal methods, age-appropriate selection, reproductive health,
personalized approach
Contraceptive methods are a set of medical and hygienic means used to prevent unplanned
pregnancy. They play an important role in maintaining reproductive health, reducing the
number of abortions, and controlling the burden on a woman's div.
Today, contraceptive methods include a wide range: hormonal, mechanical, chemical,
biological, and surgical methods. Selection must consider each woman’s age, menstrual cycle,
health, childbearing plans, physical activity, and psychological condition.
This article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and personalized selection criteria of
modern contraceptive methods.
• Guidelines from WHO, CDC, ACOG (2020–2024);
• Analysis based on medical histories and contraceptive choices of 50 women;
• Literature selected from PubMed, UpToDate, Medscape databases (over 30 articles).
Assessment criteria:
• Types of contraceptive methods;
• Age, BMI, chronic diseases;
• Reproductive plans (short or long term);
• Side effects and individual indications.
The following table briefly presents contraceptive types and their age-appropriate
recommendations:
Contraceptive Type
Recommended For
Notes
Combined Oral Contraceptives
(COCs)
Healthy women aged 18–35
Normalizes menstrual cycle,
reduces acne
Progestin-only pill (mini-pill)
Lactating women, women
35+
Estrogen-free, lower risk of
thrombosis
Injections (DMPA)
New mothers, long-term
protection
Every 3 months, caution if high
BMI
IUD (hormonal/non-hormonal)
Any age
5–10 years protection, caution if
nulliparous
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
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Contraceptive Type
Recommended For
Notes
Subcutaneous implants
Young women, nulliparous Effective up to 3 years, invasive
method
Barrier methods (condoms)
Any age
Protects against STIs, high
personal control
Sterilization (surgical)
Women 35+, completed
childbearing
Irreversible, permanent
protection
Results from observations on women:
Among 50 women, 32% chose hormonal oral contraceptives (OCs);
24% used IUDs (intrauterine devices), 20% barrier methods, and 8% injections;
10% used natural methods (calendar, ovulation monitoring).
In choosing contraceptive methods, a woman’s age, health, reproductive plans, and
psychological state are critically important. Each method has its own advantages and limitations
that require individualized assessment.
Age is one of the key criteria in selecting contraceptive type. During youth (18–30 years),
combined hormonal contraceptives are widely used because they regulate the menstrual cycle
and alleviate acne and other hormonal disorders. However, these methods should be used
cautiously in women with cardiovascular diseases or high BMI. For middle-aged and older
women, long-acting methods such as IUDs, implants, or injections are preferable, especially
when pregnancy is not planned in the near future.
Health status, especially chronic endocrine or cardiovascular diseases, may limit the choice of
estrogen-based methods. For example, women with hypertension or a history of thrombosis are
better suited for estrogen-free (progestin-only) methods. Also, during lactation, only progestin-
based methods are recommended as they do not adversely affect milk production.
Psychological factors also play a significant role in selection. Some women prefer full control
over their reproductive health, making barrier methods or daily pills suitable. Others prefer
long-term methods that do not require daily attention, such as implants, IUDs, or injections.
Side effects and ease of use are also considered. Combined OCs may cause breast tenderness,
nausea, or emotional changes. IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding in some women, while
hormonal IUDs may reduce or stop menstruation. Injections may lead to weight gain.
Overall, contraceptive choice should be made jointly with a healthcare provider, considering the
patient’s health, needs, and lifestyle. Such an approach ensures not only contraceptive
effectiveness but also improves the woman’s general health and quality of life. Personalized
approach is one of the key factors in maintaining reproductive health.
Proper selection of contraceptive methods is important for women’s health, reproductive plans,
and psychological well-being. The choice must be based on personalized approach considering
each woman’s age, health, and lifestyle.
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eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 06 (2025)
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Recommendations:
• Each woman’s contraceptive method should be chosen based on individual consultation.
• Estrogen-free methods are preferable for older women and those with chronic diseases.
• For long-term protection, IUDs and implants are recommended.
• Medical professionals should provide regular education and counseling on contraception.
References:
1.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive
use. Fifth edition.
2.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2020). Practice
Bulletin No. 206: Contraceptive Counseling and Selection.
3.
Curtis, K. M., et al. (2016). US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2016.
MMWR Recomm Rep, 65(3), 1–103.
4.
Bahromova, Z. (2022). Individual approach in selection of modern contraceptive
methods. Uzbekistan Medical Journal, (3), 38–42.
5.
Glasier, A., et al. (2019). Contraception in clinical practice. The Lancet, 394(10194),
1359–1371.
