INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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FORMATION OF STUDENTS' THINKING IN THE PROCESS OF HIGHER
EDUCATION: SCIENTIFIC-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS AND
METHODOLOGY
Yuldasheva Husnidaxon Jumanazar qizi
Intern - teacher at Kokand State University
Xusnidayuldasheva244@gmail.com
+99890-361-80-89
Abstract:
This article explores the scientific and philosophical foundations, as well as effective
methodological approaches, to developing students' thinking in the context of higher education.
Thinking is viewed as the basis for knowledge, worldview, and creative reasoning. The authors
highlight didactic methods and pedagogical conditions essential for fostering critical and
independent thinking among students. The paper also discusses the role of philosophy in
modern education and suggests ways to improve its methodological framework.
Keywords:
thinking, students, philosophy, methodology, scientific basis, critical thinking,
worldview, higher education, development, teaching, independent thought, modern approach
Login.
In today's age of globalization and digital technologies, the development of human
thinking and worldview is more important than ever. In a modern information society, the
preparation of individuals who are independent thinkers, analytical, creative and critical
thinkers is one of the most important tasks of higher education. The formation and development
of a student's thinking is a priority. This article examines the philosophical, scientific and
methodological foundations of this process. In particular, the formation of students' thinking in
higher educational institutions, their orientation to critical, independent and creative thinking is
one of the priority areas of the modern education system. The Resolution of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-5847 dated October 8, 2019 - "On additional measures to
radically improve the higher education system" also emphasizes the need to increase the
intellectual potential of students and strengthen scientific and innovative approaches in
preparing them for life.
Literature analysis.
A number of scientists (V.V. Kryevsky [4], Ye.. Kryukov [5], V.V.
Serikov [6]) have conducted studies on the ways and essence of implementing a new approach
to the process of vocational education. This resolution and related regulatory documents
provide for a fundamental improvement of the educational process in philosophical, scientific
and methodological terms, in particular, the consistent introduction of approaches aimed at
forming deep thinking and a broad worldview in students. After all, educating a young
generation capable of independent thinking and philosophical analysis is the basis not only for
the development of science, but also for the stable and harmonious development of society.
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the role of philosophy in the formation of students'
thinking in the higher education system, its scientific foundations and methodological
approaches. It also explores ways to organize this process more effectively through the
application of modern pedagogical technologies and innovative methods.
Thinking is the highest form of consciousness, the ability to generalize, understand, and
recreate existence. In philosophy, thinking is seen as a person's internal intellectual activity and
is an integral part of the cognitive process. Thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Ibn Sina, and
Descartes interpreted thinking as a mental act aimed at knowledge.
From a philosophical point of view, thinking is characterized by the following aspects:
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 06 (2025)
660
The ability to abstract and generalize, analyze and synthesize, understand cause-and-effect
relationships, and strive for truth and a critical approach.
Scientifically, the development of thinking is studied within the framework of psychology,
pedagogy, and neurology. From a pedagogical point of view, thinking is a system of mental
operations such as analysis, comparison, and generalization that arise during the student's
cognitive activity. Motivation for learning, critical thinking, logical observation, and the ability
to solve problem situations are the main indicators of the formation of thinking.
The main principles identified on the basis of scientific research are:
1. Activity-based approach (teaching students through practical work) or learning through
experience and action);
2. Use of interactive methods (teaching methods based on active communication between the
teacher and the student);
3. Use of metacognitive strategies (the student plans, monitors and evaluates his own learning
process);
4. Development of a culture of reflection and self-assessment (the student works on himself and
analyzes his achievements and shortcomings).
The above principles serve to effectively organize the educational process. They are aimed at
increasing the student's activity, developing independent thinking, forming self-assessment and
self-improvement skills, and are the basis of modern pedagogical approaches.
In the modern education system, it is important for the student not only to acquire knowledge,
but also to think independently and find solutions to problems. In this case, the teacher's task is
to create conditions aimed at developing thinking, along with imparting knowledge. The
methodology for forming thinking serves to purposefully and effectively organize this process.
Methodological approaches used in the formation of thinking should be aimed at actively
involving students in the learning process. The following methods are considered effective:
Problem-based learning - encourages students to think independently;
Brainstorming - stimulates creative thinking;
Debates and discussions - form critical thinking;
Case work - strengthens the analytical approach;
Metacognitive exercises - help to consciously manage the thinking process.
From this point of view, through problem-based learning, brainstorming, debates, case studies
and metacognitive exercises, the student not only acquires knowledge, but also justifies his
opinion, analyzes, evaluates and draws conclusions. This, in turn, ensures the development of
the thinking process and serves to form the student as an active, independent and responsible
person. Thus, methodological approaches aimed at the formation of thinking are inextricably
linked with the scientific and methodological foundations of modern education and play an
important role in increasing the effectiveness of teaching.
In conclusion,
the topic “Formation of students' thinking in the process of higher education:
scientific and philosophical foundations and methodology” is one of the relevant directions of
modern pedagogy, which involves directing students not only to acquire knowledge, but also to
independent, critical and creative thinking. Scientific and philosophical approaches analyze
thinking as a conscious and subconscious activity of a person and highlight the role of cultural,
social and psychological factors in its formation.
Methodologically, active teaching methods such as problem-based learning, brainstorming,
discussion, cases and metacognitive exercises can involve students in the learning process and
develop their thinking skills. Such approaches not only consolidate knowledge, but also allow
them to apply it in real-life situations, analyze and make effective decisions.
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 06 (2025)
661
Therefore, in-depth study and practical implementation of methodological and philosophical
foundations aimed at shaping thinking in higher education is an important condition for training
competitive, thoughtful, and responsible personnel.
References:
1. Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2022 йил 28 январдаги “2022−2026
йилларга мўлжалланган Янги Ўзбекистоннинг тараққиёт стратегияси тўғрисида”ги ПФ-
60-сон Фармони.
2. Hasanboeva M., Usmonbaeva M. Pedagogik texnologiyalar va pedagogik mahorat. –
Toshkent: TDPU nashriyoti, 2019.
3. Toxtaxo‘jayev N., Jo‘rayev E. Falsafa asoslari. – Toshkent: Fan, 2020.
4. Xodjayev B.X. Umumiy pedagogika nazariyasi va amaliyoti. Darslik. – T.: «Sano-standart»
nashriyoti, 2017. – 416 b.
