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THE AUTOMATIC GEAR'S INVENTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Turaev Shoyadbek Akhmadjonovich
Associate Professor of the "Transport Logistics" Department
Andijan State Technical Institute, Tel.: +99891 1749966
Annotation.
In this work, the emergence of the automatic transmission (AUQ), its design
structure, and technological production components were studied. The historical development
of additional mechanical transmission systems in automobiles is analyzed, and the evolutionary
processes up to modern electronically controlled automatic transmissions are highlighted. In the
work, consider the power, creation of an automatic transmission, the operating principle, and
technological achievements of different generations. The industry will reveal the importance of
innovative solutions in the automotive industry in this area and will also take a look at the
trends in the production of automatic transmissions.
Keywords
: Automatic transmissions, Transmission system, AT (A), multiple automatic
transmission, Hydraulic, Planetary transmissions, Torque converter, History of the automotive
industry, Transmission system evolution, Automatic transmission.
Introduction.
Mechanical Gearbox (MG) synchronizers provide ease of gear shifting in various vehicle
speeds, but in this case require a high degree of driver attention. The possibilities of automatic
transmission are wide to free drivers from such inconveniences and moral burdens, as well as to
improve the convenience of driving[1].
In this regard, General Motors' initial automatic transmission was 4-speed, controlled by an
automatic system, and equipped with a hydraulic coupling.
It evolved over time into a hydrotransformer, making the connection more smooth and
efficient.[2]
Along with turbine and pump wheels, the hydrotransformer also has a reactor, which transmits
the torque from the engine very smoothly through the working fluid - oil. In this case, the
magnitude of the torque changes automatically (depending on the speed of the vehicle and road
conditions). The pump wheel of the AUQ is connected to the engine crankshaft, and the turbine
wheel to the drive shaft of the UQ (Fig. 1) [3].
Figure 1. Automatic gearbox
At the same time, AUQs have the following drawbacks:
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A vehicle equipped with a gearbox has higher fuel consumption compared to a vehicle
equipped with a MUQ;
A vehicle equipped with a gearbox can only be towed in exceptional cases with strict
observance of all safety measures. In such situations, it is advisable to use the services of an
evacuator[4].
Sequential-type AUQ
Sequential-type automobile transmissions differ little from mechanical UQs. In it, the gears are
automatically controlled by a special hydromechanical system. The control is controlled by the
machine's electronic system, and there is no need for a clutch pedal. Sequentiality (sequential,
Eng.) in a transmission implies a strict sequence of gear transmissions, i.e., transmissions must
be driven from bottom to top and vice versa in a strict sequence across each step [5].
Such AUQs are also widely used in tractors, since they use multiple transmissions with a wide
range of torque changes [6].
Robotic (automatically controlled manual transmission) UQ
The structure and operating principle of the robotic UQ largely correspond to the technical
characteristics of the standard mechanical transmission. It also has three main shafts (driven,
driven, and intermediate), with similar gears and gear ratios. The term "robot" means that all
processes are controlled by special devices - "servo drives" and "actuators," which perform the
function of connecting and disconnecting the transmission at the required time. Control of these
processes is carried out using a special electronic unit, which transmits control commands to an
electric motor with a reducer or hydraulic drive (Fig. 2) [7].
Figure 2. Automatically controlled manual transmission
A driver of a vehicle equipped with a robotic UQ can hand over automatic control of the
vehicle, relying on a computer, or manually control it using a lever or leaf-shaped selector
placed under the steering wheel to switch gears [8].
Disadvantages of a robotic UQ:
in difficult driving conditions, the clutch is not smoothly controlled, as frequent gear changes
cause discomfort;
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The prolonged separation of the driving and driven discs during transitions from one gear to
another reduces the engine's flexibility and leads to a slight decrease in the machine's speed [9].
Robotic UQ equipped with two clutches
To eliminate the aforementioned shortcomings, the robotic UQ was equipped with two clutches.
The use of such a design has significantly increased the capabilities of the unit, i.e., along with
the currently operating drive, it is possible to select the drive that needs to be connected next
and connect it in advance (Fig. 3).
Figure 3. Robotic gearbox equipped with two gears
As a result, the transition time from one gear to another is significantly reduced, the
maneuverability of the vehicle increases, and its control becomes more convenient.
The variator type of transmission is considered stepless. The worm of such a transmission has
the ability to smoothly transmit torque (Fig. 4).
In essence, a variator is a stepless "automatic" that does not have a constant transmission ratio.
Figure 4. Variator AUQ
As an automatic transmission unit, the variator has the following advantages:
there are no gears and shafts in its design, since it is not necessary to systematically change a
certain value of the torque by disconnecting the engine from the transmission;
it does not have transition stages with a given gear ratio;
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The torque transmitted to the drive shaft through the variator constantly changes depending on
how the wedge-shaped belt is positioned relative to the conical pulleys;
The smoothness and softness of the transmission, equipped with a variator, are practically ideal.
Despite the fact that these achievements of variators are revolutionary designs in the automotive
industry, they are currently used in low-power vehicles. Their main disadvantages are limited
resources (about 200 thousand
km
) and high cost of maintenance.
Tiptronic
The term "Tiptronic" should be used in relation to the emergence of its functional capabilities
through the installation of an additional device in the UQ's design, and not some kind of UQ
(Fig. 5) [10].
Figure 5. Tiptronic Function AUQ Control Lever
The standard form of the AUQ used in motor vehicles does not allow for the control of some
dynamic parameters, such as high (rapid) acceleration, engine braking, or forced transition to a
low gear, etc. In these cases, the "typtronic" function solves these problems through an auxiliary
speed control system associated with electronic control using a lever selector (Fig. 6).
Conclusion.
Modern automatic transmissions are produced in various types (hydraulic, robotic,
variable) and have such advantages as fuel efficiency, smooth operation, and accuracy in gear
shifting. Their development was an important stage in the automotive industry, which not only
created convenience for drivers, but also gave impetus to the overall advancement of
automotive technology.
In general, the creation and improvement of automatic transmissions have served to
increase the ergonomics and safety of vehicles and have become one of the integral
technologies in modern automotive manufacturing.
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eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 08 (2025)
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