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SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PEDIATRICS
Bakhavadinova Zamira Mukhamattairovna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Propaedeutics of Children's Diseases and Polyclinic
Pediatrics
Tel: 90 208 05 43
Email:
zamirakhonbaxavadinova@gmail.com
Sahibova Mavlyuda Djurayevna
Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Children's Diseases and Polyclinic Pediatrics
Tel: 902102906.
Email:
Abstract:
Pediatrics teaches the periods of growth and development of a child, the individual
morphological, physiological and psychological changes characteristic of each age stage of a
child's life. Therefore, knowledge of the clinical anatomy of a child is the basis for conducting
timely examination methods and evaluating the results obtained. In addition, taking into account
the main anatomical and physiological features is the basis for clearly organizing the child's daily
routine and living environment. The pediatrician is in constant communication with the child and
his parents. A pediatrician must be a good psychologist and educator. This helps him to increase
his authority in the eyes of parents and patients, which ultimately leads to a faster recovery of the
child. The child's div is fragile, so if the child's care regimen is violated, the child often gets sick.
The child becomes capricious, crybaby, refuses to see you. But you must conduct a thorough
examination of the child, make a correct diagnosis and treat him.
Keywords:
Pediatrician training, subjective and objective types, Objective examination, Healthy
children, disease prevention.
The relationship between a doctor and a patient depends not only on the individual characteristics
of the patient, but also on his psyche, personality and behavior of the doctor, general and
professional culture, adherence to ethics and deontology methods. Ethics - the formation of
deontology methods, the worldview of the future doctor and the foundations of his professional
knowledge, begins with entering a medical university. Deontology is the doctrine of the
professional (occupational) and moral obligations of a medical worker towards the patient and the
rights of a medical worker. Communication with a patient requires a certain psychological state.
The professional activity of a doctor, the professional communication of a doctor with a patient,
indicates the interrelationship between medicine and art. When meeting a patient, one should first
greet and ask permission to talk. The doctor should always introduce himself. The patient should
be helped to communicate and have a pleasant conversation with the patient (ask the patient about
his complaints; how he feels; his appetite; his sleep rhythm). Listening more often creates a
tendency to always talk openly. A young medical worker should have the art of listening to the
patient. The doctor - patient - parents - form a kind of triangle of interpersonal relations. This
triangle does not have the same equality, its vertices are not located in the same sign relationships.
The doctor has a great responsibility towards a sick child, his illness can be a reaction to simple
influences such as fear, anxiety, constant tension of the parents, and the patient's quick upset. The
child always looks with fear at people in white coats, because the white coat reminds him of the
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feeling of pain. Before the doctor's examination, it is necessary to find a relationship with the
child, to teach him to himself, to distract his attention.
A number of important works are being carried out in the field of pediatrics in Uzbekistan. These
include:
1. Training and advanced training of pediatricians: Special courses and trainings have been
organized in Uzbekistan for pediatricians and medical staff. Measures are being taken to improve
the quality of pediatric education in higher medical institutions.
2. Expanding healthcare services for children: Improving the material and technical base of
pediatric clinics and hospitals, providing them with new medical equipment. In particular, the
construction of rehabilitation centers and oncology departments for special children is being
intensified.
3. Reducing child mortality and diseases: Special attention is paid to preventive measures,
vaccinations and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle to reduce child mortality. Early diagnosis
and effective provision of medical care are of paramount importance.
4. Digitalization of pediatric medical care: Online consultations and electronic health systems are
being introduced in the pediatric sector using digital technologies. This, in turn, helps to ensure
quick and easy access to medical care for children.
5. Innovations in oncology and neurology: Introduction of new methods, drugs and innovative
medical technologies for the treatment of difficult diseases among children, in particular
oncological and neurological diseases.
6. State programs aimed at improving children's health: Special state programs aimed at
maintaining children's health, including measures for the continuous retraining and recertification
of pediatricians and medical workers.
Such measures in the field of pediatrics help to achieve effective results in maintaining children's
health, preventing and treating diseases.
Physical examination methods include: questioning, inspection, palpation, percussion and
auscultation. These methods are also considered basic in children. Additional examination
methods include: laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The main examination
methods are divided into subjective and objective types. The subjective examination method of
the patient is to view the child as a subject who provides information about the onset of his illness,
how it began. The information provided by the patient or his parents about the disease and his life
reflects their subjective views on this problem. The doctor obtains subjective information about
the patient by the method of questioning (constitution). Objective (physical) methods of
examination consider the patient as the object of examination, in which the doctor works based on
the ability to use his senses and practical skills. Objective methods include: Questioning the
patient or anamnesis (Greek "anamnesis" - recall). Seeing (inspectio) Feeling (palpatio)
Percussion (percussion) Listening (auscultation) Depending on the patient's age and family
circumstances, your questioning of the patient will change and you will have to make changes to
the questioning.
In recent years, a number of important works and innovations have been carried out in the
field of hospital pediatrics in Uzbekistan. Below are some of them:
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1. Modernization of hospitals and construction of new facilities
• New pediatric hospitals are being built in various regions of Uzbekistan or the material
and technical base of existing ones is being improved. This increases the possibilities for
providing quality medical care to children.
• Special children's rehabilitation centers and oncology departments are being established.
These centers provide necessary treatment and rehabilitation services, especially for children
struggling with serious illnesses.
2. High-tech medical equipment for children
• High-tech equipment is being introduced in hospital pediatrics, such as X-ray machines,
computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US) and other diagnostic equipment. This allows for
quick and accurate diagnosis of children.
• In specialized departments such as neurology and cardiology, new devices have become
available to effectively manage treatment processes.
3. Digital systems and telemedicine in pediatrics
• Electronic medical records and digital health systems are being introduced. These
systems help to quickly and efficiently track all information related to children.
• Telemedicine services are developing. In particular, the opportunities for online medical
consultations and remote consultations are increasing. This opportunity is especially important for
children in remote areas.
4. Advanced training of pediatric specialists
• Courses, seminars and conferences are being organized for pediatric specialists.
Specialists, in particular, study new technologies and treatment methods.
• New curricula for scientific work and practice in pediatrics are being developed at the
level of higher medical education.
5. State programs aimed at improving children's health
• State programs aimed at improving children's health are being implemented in
Uzbekistan. Within the framework of these programs, for example, special programs have been
developed for vaccinations for children, oncology and neurological diseases.
The child health monitoring system is also being strengthened. This system will
effectively help prevent and treat diseases among children.
6. Reducing child mortality and morbidity
•
Special measures are being taken to reduce child mortality. In the field of pediatrics, health
services are being developed, especially intensive care and resuscitation departments for
newborns.
• Disease prevention, for example, appropriate measures are being taken to prevent childhood
diseases, including ensuring the availability of new vaccines and over-the-counter medicines for
children.
7. Innovations and new treatment methods
•
New medicines and innovative technologies are being used in the treatment of childhood
diseases. In particular, gene therapy and new biological medicines are opening up opportunities to
treat various genetic diseases in children.
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•
Special treatment protocols are being developed for children, which allows for individual
assistance to each child.
8. Modernization of the health system
•
In order to improve the quality of pediatric care, medical services for children are being
organized on the basis of centralized systems. This allows for faster and more efficient provision
of medical care to children.
The above innovations and measures are making a significant contribution to improving the health
of children and improving the quality of medical care in Uzbekistan. It is expected that work in
this area will continue and bring success in the implementation of new technologies and methods.
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