Том 1 № 1 (2025): International Multidisciplinary Journal for Research & Development

This article explores the pedagogical possibilities of using folk riddles to teach ecological education to preschool children (ages 5-6). It examines effective methods for fostering ecological knowledge, enhancing interest in nature, and developing ecological culture through folk riddles. This research is significant for the practice of preschool education.

This article analyzes the importance of studying labor protection and technical safety in technical schools in the development of transport and railways. The field of labor protection plays an important role in ensuring the safety of professionals working in the transport system, reducing accidents, maintaining environmental stability and increasing the safety of passengers. Also, this science makes it possible to increase the efficiency of transport infrastructure, to act correctly in emergency situations and to improve the quality of technical service. The article emphasizes the necessity of training specialists with deep knowledge of labor protection for the sustainable development of the transport system.

This article analyzes the current state and development trends of the service sector in Uzbekistan. The article examines such important aspects as the role of the sector in the economy, its rapid growth rate, its inclusion of various sectors, investment flows and increased competition. The article also analyzes trends in change such as the introduction of technologies, improving the quality of services, the development of tourism and the emergence of new services. The article also discusses the problems that hinder the development of the sector, including the lack of qualified personnel, infrastructure problems and increased competition. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that the future of the service sector in Uzbekistan is bright, but it is necessary to focus on state support programs, investments and training of personnel to solve the problems.

This article discusses the psychological and pedagogical foundations of integration in mathematics education, focusing on ideas about ensuring the coherence of scientific knowledge, as well as the thoughts and views of past thinkers. It explores the efforts in the field of scientific knowledge integration and the ideas of pedagogical scholars in our republic regarding the organization of teaching based on integrative knowledge in the natural sciences. The article also addresses the lack of mutual integration between pedagogical and methodological scholars in explaining the essence of educational integration.

This paper investigates the impact of Kahoot-based gamified assessments on students' academic performance, motivation, and engagement within business schools. As gamification gains popularity in educational settings, Kahoot’s interactive quizzes and competitive elements offer an innovative alternative to traditional assessments. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative case studies, to assess how Kahoot impacts students' learning outcomes, intrinsic motivation, and classroom participation. The results suggest that Kahoot enhances academic performance, motivates students by offering real-time feedback, and significantly increases engagement in business courses. Furthermore, this paper offers strategies for professors seeking to leverage Kahoot effectively while maintaining educational rigor. The paper is structured into four sections: literature review, research methodology, discussion, and conclusion. The literature review examines existing studies on gamified assessments, followed by a description of the research methods used. The discussion evaluates the outcomes of using Kahoot in business school assessments, while the conclusion highlights best practices and implications for future research.

The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of educational processes in the professional education system, as well as the regulatory and legal framework, and the requirements that should be paid attention to when increasing the efficiency of educational processes in the professional education system.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail plates, which is one of the most common dermatological problems. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of onychomycosis is 10 to 20% among the adult population [1]. This disease not only causes a cosmetic defect, but can also lead to complications, including secondary bacterial infections. In this regard, the search for effective methods for diagnosing and treating onychomycosis remains an urgent task of modern medicine.

The results of an analysis of the nutrition of modern man and its correction, prevention of non-epidemic diseases according to a balanced diet, reduction in the consumption of salt and other products that contribute to the development of cardiovascular and other non-epidemic diseases in the modern world are given.

The article discusses the clinical and pathomorphological features of esophageal cancer based on the analysis of registered cases. The study includes an assessment of risk factors predisposing to the development of the disease, as well as an analysis of clinical manifestations and morphological characteristics of the tumor process. Particular attention is paid to the influence of age, gender and environmental factors on the development of pathology. Data on the features of the course of the disease, variants of the histological structure of tumors and their correlation with prognostic factors are presented. The results obtained can contribute to improving early diagnostics and choosing the optimal treatment tactics for patients with esophageal cancer.

 In modern music education, the use of simulative technologies plays a crucial role in enhancing teaching methodologies and improving student engagement. This study explores the methodology for applying simulative technologies in music education based on an integrative approach. The research focuses on the integration of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), and interactive digital tools to develop students’ musical creativity, pedagogical skills, and performance abilities. The study highlights how simulative learning environments create immersive experiences, allowing students to engage with music in innovative ways. The findings suggest that the implementation of simulative technologies contributes to a more interactive, effective, and future-oriented music education system.

Postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses (PIAA) remain a significant source of morbidity in pediatric surgery. The management of PIAA requires a tailored, differentiated approach, as the severity, location, and size of the abscess vary across cases. This article reviews current practices in the surgical treatment of these abscesses, emphasizing individualized treatment protocols based on modern diagnostic methods and surgical techniques. The development of minimally invasive procedures and the use of advanced imaging technologies, such as CT and ultrasound, have greatly improved outcomes in pediatric patients. By considering both the clinical condition and the specific circumstances of each case, surgeons can significantly reduce complications and improve recovery times.

This article is one of the topical problems of our time, and the importance of studying the relationship between the volitional qualities of students studying in secondary schools and the characteristics of the nervous system is noted. Also, in the psychodiagnostic activity on the study of the volitional qualities of students, the issues of the relationship of motives in the state of development of their volitional qualities were studied.

In the text of the article, the student should be able to represent and evaluate their own capabilities, possess information about the possibilities of various professions. Information is given on the socio-economic, spiritual, ethical, pedagogical and psychological aspects of education, the role of parents, school, independent choice of life and work path young generation in choosing a profession. The pedagogical principles of using the spiritual heritage of Eastern scientists in the professional orientation of students are also covered in detail.

This article is devoted to the issues of psychological research of the features of the formation of human emotional intelligence. To achieve the desired results in the educational process, it is necessary to understand emotions, classify them, determine the relationship between them and explain their content.

This article presents the conflicts that arise between students, their types, causes, ways to solve them. In addition, there are ideas about ways to prevent conflicts based on the pedagogical and psychological characteristics of pedagogical conflicts.

This article explores the psychological aspects of the formation of character and its spiritual and moral qualities, scientific, theoretical and practical foundations for educating a spiritually and physically mature generation. In this regard, the opinions of thinkers and psychologists were used as a methodological basis. The question of the influence of the teacher and the educator on the upbringing of individual traits of the child's character only through the team and the formation of the spiritual and moral characteristics of the child's character in the family is highlighted.

The article discussions the role of interests in the development of cognitive activity of preschoolers, the use of different types of settings and the use of various projects in the practice of modern preschool organizations.

In the article, the current problems of social adaptation and rehabilitation of disabled children are focused on the inclusion of children in convenient areas of household, individual and socially significant activities, taking into account the personal interests and capabilities of children in a targeted socio-pedagogical impact. The features are also studied in detail teaching integrative mechanisms of socialization of children with disabilities.

This article is devoted to the issues of the pedagogical foundations of the formation of professional competence of teachers in the process of pedagogical activity. In order to achieve the desired results in the educational process, the need to improve the quality of teacher training based on the level of professional competence of the teacher is highlighted.

This article studies the problems of harmonious formation of students' independent and healthy thinking, healthy thinking, independence in decision-making, responsibility, the formation of their own ideas and thoughts. The psychological features of the formation of healthy thinking among students are highlighted.

This article theoretically and practically analyzes the socio-psychological characteristics of adolescents, destructive religious, cultural, extremist and terrorist movements that have a negative impact on the stability and spiritual growth of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as existing scientific theories about the genesis, essence and content of the concepts of a destructive group and ideas based on definition, classification, emphasis focus on creating a certain socio-psychological foundation so that young people do not fall under the influence of these ideas. In the formation of destructive behavior, special importance is attached to aspects characteristic of adolescence. The issues of the manifestation of socio-psychological characteristics in adolescence have been studied.

This article explores innovative approaches to risk management in commercial banks, focusing on the integration of advanced technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Machine Learning (ML), as well as new methodologies like stress testing and RegTech. It discusses the benefits of these innovations in enhancing risk prediction, compliance, fraud detection, and overall financial security. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data-driven decision.

The main types of didactic games include intellectual (mental), active, and mixed games. These games help participants develop intellectual, physical, moral, psychological, aesthetic, labor, and other skills. In the educational and upbringing process, didactic games are mainly used to enhance children’s learning motivation, develop their various abilities and interests, and reveal their inclination toward a specific profession. This article provides methodological recommendations on the effectiveness of using interactive methods in didactic games during the educational process.

 This article reveals the ways, methods of organizing primary education in the context of informatization of education and the principles of designing a modern lesson in primary education. Their relationship and method of implementation are determined, the importance of the concept of the theory of educational activity in the design of a modern lesson in elementary education is based. Following these principles, the relevance of the design of a modern lesson in primary education and the requirements for it are listed.

The development of electronic dictionaries involves a systematic approach that integrates linguistic, technological, and user-centered principles. This document outlines the general principles that guide the creation of effective electronic dictionaries, emphasizing the importance of content accuracy, usability, accessibility, and adaptability. Key considerations include the selection of source materials, the implementation of user-friendly interfaces, and the incorporation of multimedia elements to enhance learning. The document also highlights the significance of continuous updates and user feedback in maintaining the relevance and effectiveness of electronic dictionaries in an ever-evolving digital landscape.

This article explores the effective use of digital storytelling in teaching foreign languages to A2-level learners. Digital storytelling is highlighted as a valuable tool for enhancing interactivity, fostering creativity, and improving language skills. The article discusses key principles of digital storytelling, practical implementation methods, and its impact on the learning process. Additionally, the benefits of integrating technology into language education are examined, emphasizing its role in making learning more engaging and effective.

Sport is a means of developing leadership and teamwork skills among young people. During physical activity, youth develop important skills such as collaboration, sharing responsibility, and problem-solving. The article explores the key leadership skills developed through sports, the main teamwork skills, and their significance in sports activities.

The rapid proliferation of online communication has transformed the way individuals interact, leaving digital footprints that can be analyzed for various purposes, including criminal investigations. This article explores how language analysis in online messages and social networks serves as a tool for identifying suspects based on writing style, vocabulary, grammar, and orthography. Through examining existing literature and case studies, the article outlines the methodologies used for linguistic analysis, the significance of linguistic markers, and the ethical considerations surrounding this practice. By understanding the complexities of language in digital communication, law enforcement agencies can enhance their investigative strategies.

The interaction between languages often carries significant cultural implications, especially in multilingual societies. This paper examines the influence of Russian culture on the vocabulary and phraseology of the Karakalpak language, a member of the Turkic language family spoken primarily in Uzbekistan. Given the historical context of Russian colonization and the subsequent Soviet era, this study aims to highlight how Russian has shaped the lexicon and idiomatic expressions in Karakalpak. The findings indicate that while the Karakalpak language has maintained its core Turkic identity, Russian influence is evident in both everyday language and cultural expressions.

To assess the state of health of the military personnel of the Republic of Uzbekistan, we use the health indicator, which is calculated using the formula:

UZ=(1-B⁄P)*100%

Where UZ is the level of health;

B is the number of sick military personnel for the period (year). The classes of diseases registered in medical institutions calculate the total incidence of military personnel.

P is the total number of military personnel for the period (for the period 2016-2023 P = 68,000 people [73]).

The article covers the importance of determining the possibilities of using art therapy methods in the development of personality creativity, analyzing and shaping ways to analyze the positive aspects of creativity, and using art therapy sessions in the development of personality creativity.

Transport infrastructure plays a critical role in facilitating the smooth operation of production sectors and the overall economy. It enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of various economic activities, ensuring the continuity of gross social production across all forms and segments. This article explores the content, composition, and influence of transport infrastructure on regional economic development.

This article tells about the importance of creative competence in the independent expression of ideas of elementary school students and the fact that the educational textbook of elementary school is also sufficient in developing creativity in children. In addition, they talk about the role of creativity and ability in children's creativity.

The protection of forests is essential for the health of our planet, as forests play a critical role in regulating the climate, maintaining biodiversity, and providing vital ecosystem services. However, global deforestation rates continue to rise due to agricultural expansion, logging, and infrastructure development. To counteract this trend and promote sustainability, innovative financing mechanisms and strategies are required to support forest protection and foster sustainable development. Financing for forest conservation and sustainable development goes beyond traditional funding models. It involves a diverse range of financial instruments, strategies, and partnerships that seek to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship. These approaches include leveraging both public and private capital, incentivizing sustainable land use practices, and creating financial incentives for forest conservation that align with global goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on climate change.

Currently, the phenomenon of an artistic picture of the Universe has been proved, the multifaceted content of this concept has been revealed, the essence of which is that “an artistic picture of the Universe is a product of perception “from the outside,” that is, persepsion. The artistic picture of the Universe includes a national picture (based on the individual author’s picture of the writer’s world) and the direct author’s position (individual perception and interpretation of the surrounding world), as well as an individual picture of the reader’s world, since the artistic picture of the world is created in the reader’s mind under the influence of the text.

This study explores the practical features of ideographic dictionaries within the context of the medical terminology system. Ideographic dictionaries, which focus on the representation of concepts rather than mere definitions, play a crucial role in the field of medicine by facilitating better understanding and communication among healthcare professionals, researchers, and students. The paper examines the structure, organization, and usability of these dictionaries, emphasizing how they enhance the comprehension of complex medical terms and their interrelationships. By analyzing various ideographic dictionaries, the study highlights their effectiveness in providing visual representations, contextual information, and semantic networks that aid in the acquisition and application of medical knowledge. The findings aim to contribute to the development of more efficient educational tools and resources for medical practitioners and learners.

This article explores the rich symbolism in Ernest Hemingway's masterpiece "The Old Man and the Sea," analyzing the various symbolic elements and their significance in conveying deeper meanings about human perseverance, man's relationship with nature, and the human condition. Through comprehensive literary analysis, the study examines how Hemingway uses symbolism to create a layered narrative that transcends the simple story of an old fisherman's struggle with a marlin.

 The teaching of writing currency-related vocabulary is essential in English language instruction, especially for students preparing for real-world financial interactions. This paper explores effective methodologies for teaching writing currency vocabulary, including contextual learning, task-based approaches, and digital tools. By integrating authentic materials and interactive activities, educators can enhance student engagement and retention of financial terminology.

This article is about the role of the opera genre in the spiritual and moral education of students, and the formation of emotional experiences, thoughts, imagination and worldview of students through the opera genre. Opera occupies a special place as one of the main factors in the spiritual and moral education of students.

 This article discusses the issues of teaching Uzbek composition and compositional creativity in music lessons and the formation of compositional traditions and compositional activities in students.

The article provides information about the morphology, anatomy, and ecology of Carabus auratus. Carabus auratus is adapted to live near the soil surface. It can skillfully move underground while searching for prey or for defense. The structure of the beetle's legs, along with its strong claws, allows it to move easily on the ground and successfully navigate through thorny plants. These characteristics not only show its role as a predator but also highlight its importance as a crucial part of the ecological system.

The distribution of rumen acidosis in high-yielding cows by season in the conditions of farms in the Samarkand, Navoi, and Kashkadarya regions of our republic is presented.

This article describes the preventive measures taken in accordance with paragraph 4 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 121 of 2015 "On the prevention and anti-epidemic measures of helminthic diseases among the population" and The annual reports of the Department of Sanitary, Epidemiological and Public Health of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Department of Parasitology, on the total number of helminth infections in the Republic of Karakalpakstan for 2022-2024 and the prevalence of enterobiasis among them, are presented in special tables and diagrams, comparing them with the results of the survey.

This article religious manipulation in Nigeria society to the development threat that to emphasize movement Nigeria​​ today's on the day society development or​ this in a way negative impact indicating very diverse beliefs with it is noted that in Nigeria religious of customs diversity manipulation Society​​ development for tolerance sometimes his support is the point . Author intolerance and rebellion religious manipulation is the result of to the conclusion It comes . This is in Nigeria. religious of faith bad to be checked and him/her the most bad to the stage until it is ripe until reduction as a result to the surface came . However , this document this dangerous the movement control to do for To Nigeria from religion strict look at people how in a relationship to be to imitate about the necessity having studied comes out .

This article explores psychological methods aimed at ensuring the social adaptation of students with mental developmental disabilities in an inclusive education environment. It highlights the importance of individualized psychological support, the role of teachers and specialists in fostering social skills, and the implementation of adaptive learning strategies. The study also examines the impact of a supportive educational atmosphere on students’ emotional well-being and academic success. The findings suggest that a comprehensive psychological approach significantly enhances the integration of students with developmental disabilities into mainstream education, promoting their self-confidence and social engagement.

Systematic analysis is an important object of methodical research work and is considered one of the most rapidly developing scientific directions. The need for systematic analysis in physics is caused by the developing level of technology and science, socio-economic changes taking place in society. Ensuring adaptation of subjects to non-specialists in the teaching of subjects, improvement of textbooks and training manuals, reflection of innovations in the field of science in them, coverage of today's and future tasks, independent education, adaptation to specialties in the teaching process, systematic analysis based on the demand of the times to convey general physics to students in a short time. This article presents a comparative systematic analysis of teaching molecular physics topics to biology and chemistry students.

Onomatopoeia is a linguistic phenomenon where words imitate natural sounds, such as the ringing of bells or the chirping of birds, creating a sound that reflects the meaning. This article explores the relationship between onomatopoeia and arbitrariness, focusing on how poets incorporate onomatopoeic words into literature. It also examines the reasons behind poets’ use of these words and the methods they employ. The study concludes that onomatopoeia is a fascinating phenomenon present in all languages, with new examples emerging regularly as new objects and inventions are created. Additionally, poets utilize onomatopoeia to engage the reader’s auditory sense and to craft vivid and harmonious soundscapes.

This paper explores the intersection of emotional expression and language from a neuropsycholinguistic perspective, focusing on how language facilitates the conceptualization and expression of emotions. The paper examines the distinction between emotional expression, conveyed through interjections and exclamations, and emotional conceptualization, achieved through more abstract linguistic structures. It highlights how various linguistic elements, including syntax and emotional morphology, contribute to expressing emotions. Additionally, the role of cultural and societal influences on emotional expression through language is discussed, alongside the impact of technology and digital communication platforms in shaping modern emotional expression.

The global education system has been evolving rapidly, driven by technological advancements, the need for inclusivity, and the increasing demand for quality education that can cater to diverse needs. This article explores the key trends and innovations shaping education worldwide. Among the most prominent trends are digitalization, personalized learning, lifelong education, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational processes. The article also reviews the benefits and challenges these innovations bring, discussing how they impact student engagement, teacher development, and educational outcomes. Finally, it concludes by suggesting strategies for adapting to and implementing these trends in different cultural and socio-economic contexts.

The integration of communication and information technology (CIT) in education has become a transformative force, revolutionizing traditional teaching and learning processes. With the advent of digital tools, the education sector has witnessed significant changes in how educational content is delivered and received. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of CIT in modern education, its benefits, challenges, and the impact on student engagement, learning outcomes, and educational equity. Through a review of relevant literature and analysis of the latest trends, this paper provides insights into how communication and information technology are reshaping education across the globe.

Trauma and minor injuries are a significant concern in pediatrics, as children are particularly prone to accidents due to their active lifestyles and developmental stages. This article aims to explore the most common types of trauma and minor injuries observed in children, along with their causes, prevention strategies, and treatment approaches. Emphasis is placed on how parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals can manage these injuries and prevent complications. The findings suggest that while minor injuries are common, with proper care and preventive measures, serious outcomes can often be avoided.

 This article emphasizes the importance of the ideas of patriotism and nationalism in the work of Abdurauf Fitrat.

The article discusses the role of parents in the choice of a child's profession and the professions that are in high demand in the modern labor market. Recommendations are given on how to identify a child's interests, introduce them to modern professions, and support them. The importance of choosing a profession taking into account the child's personal abilities and the needs of the labor market is also emphasized. The article provides practical advice to parents in guiding their children.

The formation of thinking about creative relationships among students is understood as a scientific expression of achieving a set goal as a result of a person’s creative abilities, aspirations and research. This article expresses opinions on the importance of developing the thinking of creative relationships in students based on innovative approaches.

Neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) is a common functional disorder among adolescents, often linked to metabolic disturbances in essential micronutrients, particularly in regions with iodine deficiency. This article explores the correlation between the metabolism of micronutrients, such as iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamins, and the prevalence of NCD among adolescents living in iodine-deficient areas. By reviewing existing literature and analyzing recent research findings, we examine the role of micronutrient imbalances in the development of NCD and the potential impact of iodine deficiency on adolescent health. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to address micronutrient deficiencies in these populations, to mitigate the long-term effects on adolescent development and overall well-being.

Based on blinded histopathological examination, the diagnosis was established in 61% (n=50/82) of cases compared with the final diagnosis. At the same time, the diagnosis of psoriatic erythroderma was confirmed in 23.2% of cases (n=19/82), spongiotic dermatitis/atopic erythroderma in 20.7% of cases (n=17/82), erythrodermic form of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome in 8.5% of cases (n=7/82), and drug-induced erythroderma in 8.5% of cases; the histological diagnosis was not definitively established or did not correspond to the final diagnosis in 39.1% of cases (n=32/82).

α-Tocopherol, commonly known as Vitamin E, is a potent antioxidant that plays a crucial role in maintaining immune system function. This vitamin's immune-modulatory effects are multifaceted, influencing various components of the immune response, including the function of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. α-Tocopherol's role in reducing oxidative stress, enhancing immune cell signaling, and modulating inflammation has been widely studied. This article explores the immune effects of α-tocopherol, with an emphasis on its potential to enhance immune responses, its antioxidant activity, and its impact on the prevention of immune-related diseases. The article further highlights how α-tocopherol supplementation can be used to optimize immune function, particularly in individuals with deficiencies, elderly populations, and those with chronic inflammatory conditions.

The article deals with the importance of introducing the subject of instrumental performance into secondary school education and the formation of students` performing skills.

This article explains the concept of heart and its dimensions. The heart has been a central symbol in English literature representing love, emotion, and the self. It has been used as a metaphor in many works, including novels, poetry, and other types of writing. The “heart” has been a powerful symbol throughout history, appearing in various forms across different cultures, religions, and artistic movements. Its use transcends biological function, representing love, faith, spirituality, and sorrow.

 In this article describes that Learning mathematics can be a motivating experience if we base it on constructive and playful activities. The use of games in mathematics education is a strategy that allows students to acquire skills in a fun and attractive way

This article discusses the methodology of teaching English to primary school students in a digital educational environment. By using modern digital technologies, the goal is to develop students' linguistic abilities and arouse their interest in learning a foreign language. The article also discusses the role of visual materials and gamification technologies, as well as the importance of developing learning motivation in the learning process. The scientific significance of the article lies in the fact that it contributes to the improvement of new methods of teaching foreign languages in the national educational system using digital technologies. This methodology can be widely used in the primary school teaching process and helps improve the quality of education.

Life, a universal yet deeply personal journey, is often framed and understood through the lens of phraseological units. These idioms, proverbs, clichés, and other fixed expressions serve as cultural shorthand, encapsulating societal values, emotional responses, and historical perspectives associated with the various stages of existence – from the anticipation of birth to the contemplation of mortality. This study delves into the rich and varied landscape of phraseological units related to the human life cycle, examining how they shape our perception of life's milestones, influence our attitudes toward different age groups, and reveal both universal human experiences and culturally specific nuances. By analyzing examples from a range of languages and cultures, this research demonstrates the profound impact of phraseology on our understanding of life's inherent transitions and the enduring human quest for meaning. Furthermore, this study recognizes the significance of health and well-being as integral aspects of the human experience, acknowledging the role of phraseology in reflecting attitudes towards physical and mental states across the lifespan, as highlighted by Khodzhaieva (2021).

Socio-cultural competencies of future translators in the aspect of intercultural communication, the structural components of communicative competencies, linguistic, socio-linguistic, discursive, socio-cultural, strategic and social subcompetents, communicative competence - linguistic (or linguistic) competence, knowledge of the language system, understanding and composing foreign language statements, allowing to carry out speech and non-speech communication with the carriers of the studied foreign language and skills and competencies are reported.

The article discusses the role of the East in the vocational guidance of students in general education schools. The role of clarifying the significance of the works of scholars today , and the role of "Qobusnoma" in guiding students towards a career The psychological foundations of formation are highlighted.

The article examines the impact of family management on the formation of a child's intellectual abilities. family management methods by applying psychological characteristics correct formation , Psychological views of thinkers on family management and child rearing illuminated.

Green economy is a model that combines economic growth and social development with environmental sustainability. This concept is financially beneficial due to investment opportunities, tax incentives and cost reduction. The article analyzes the financial efficiency of the green economy based on specific calculations and international experience. The results of the study show that the green economy is not only environmentally but also financially efficient.

Аrtificiаl intelligence (АI) is becoming а key tool in the educаtionаl field, improving the quаlity of educаtion in universities. This аrticle exаmines the use of АI by students, with аn emphаsis on Kokаnd University Аndijаn Brаnch аnd its аpplicаtion in medicаl educаtion. The possibilities of АI in personаlized leаrning, development of diаgnostic skills аnd аnаlysis of leаrning аctivity аre considered. The conducted survey reveаled the аttitude of students to АI аnd its impаct on their educаtionаl аctivities. The results showed а high interest of students in technology, especiаlly in the аutomаtion of knowledge testing аnd the use of virtuаl аssistаnts. Аt the sаme time, the need for teаcher trаining аnd protection of personаl dаtа wаs reveаled. The study confirms the significаnt potentiаl of АI in improving the educаtionаl process, provided а cаreful аpproаch to its implementаtion.

In this article, the importance of identifying thyroid gland diseases in women of childbearing age using sonography is analyzed in the conditions of Karakalpakstan. The sonography method stands out as an effective and safe method for detecting thyroid diseases at an early stage. In the article, we consider the changes of thyroid diseases on the sonography, especially in women, and the role of ultrasound in their diagnosis.

In this article, the theme and ideological scope of Uzbek and English storytelling of the new era is researched, and views on universal issues are studied in detail. It also talks about the specific aspects of the story from other epic genres.

Mathematical modeling of acoustic processes is a cornerstone for solving problems in engineering, medicine, and environmental monitoring. This paper provides a numerical and analytical study of acoustic wave propagation in complex media. Using the finite element method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM), we analyze the propagation of sound waves in layered media with different physical properties. Results are validated using numerical simulations and graphical visualizations, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed approach.

This article provides insights into the scalar product of vectors,the vector product,and the mixed product, showing the ways in which the problems involved are solved.Methods for solving several problems using properties of vectors have been recommended.

 Pediatrics teaches the periods of growth and development of a child, the individual morphological, physiological and psychological changes characteristic of each age stage of a child's life. Therefore, knowledge of the clinical anatomy of a child is the basis for conducting timely examination methods and evaluating the results obtained. In addition, taking into account the main anatomical and physiological features is the basis for clearly organizing the child's daily routine and living environment. The pediatrician is in constant communication with the child and his parents. A pediatrician must be a good psychologist and educator. This helps him to increase his authority in the eyes of parents and patients, which ultimately leads to a faster recovery of the child. The child's body is fragile, so if the child's care regimen is violated, the child often gets sick. The child becomes capricious, crybaby, refuses to see you. But you must conduct a thorough examination of the child, make a correct diagnosis and treat him.

This article theoretically and practically analyzes the socio-psychological characteristics of adolescents, destructive religious, cultural, extremist and terrorist movements that have a negative impact on the stability and spiritual growth of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as existing scientific theories about the genesis, essence and content of the concepts of a destructive group and ideas based on definition, classification, emphasis focus on creating a certain socio-psychological foundation so that young people do not fall under the influence of these ideas. In the formation of destructive behavior, special importance is attached to aspects characteristic of adolescence. The issues of the manifestation of socio-psychological characteristics in adolescence have been studied.

This article discusses the importance of brand strategy in higher education institutions and ways to use it effectively. Brand strategy is considered as an important tool for increasing the market competitiveness of a university or higher education institution, establishing long-term relationships with students and other stakeholders. The article discusses the main factors of the brand, in particular, brand identity, brand image, and modern methods of brand promotion. It also considers issues such as marketing research, the use of digital tools, and adaptation to student needs, which are necessary for the successful implementation of a brand strategy.

Early detection and improvement of the effectiveness of treatment of salivary gland diseases is one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. The salivary glands play an important role in the human body, and their diseases can have a significant impact on overall health. In this article, we discuss the incidence of salivary gland diseases in 50 patients of the maxillofacial department of the Samarkand City Medical Association, the importance of early detection and treatment of salivary gland diseases, as well as existing methods and their application.

 This article examines the stylistic features of punctuation marks in written communication, focusing on their role in shaping meaning, tone, and reader interpretation. The research explores how punctuation is not only a grammatical tool but also a stylistic device that contributes to the uniqueness of an author's style. Examples from various literary and non-literary texts are analyzed to highlight how punctuation affects clarity, emphasis, and rhythm in English writing. Special attention is given to unconventional uses of punctuation in modern and postmodern literature.

 Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which can affect various organs and systems of the human body. The disease can manifest itself in many clinical syndromes, which depend on the localization of the infection and its stage. This article discusses the main syndromes of tuberculosis, their characteristic clinical manifestations, as well as approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Given the importance of timely recognition and treatment of tuberculosis, we will educate the reader on key aspects associated with this disease.

Post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) refers to a group of symptoms that persist or develop after the surgical removal of the gallbladder. While the procedure, known as cholecystectomy, is commonly performed to treat gallstones and other gallbladder-related conditions, some patients experience ongoing gastrointestinal (GI) issues post-surgery. This article explores the clinical processes and changes in the gastrointestinal tract associated with PCS, examining the underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and potential management strategies. Through reviewing literature and analyzing clinical findings, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of post-cholecystectomy syndrome and its impact on the digestive system.

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the development of students' professional competence based on imitative models. The essence of imitative educational technologies, their advantages over traditional teaching methods, and their role in strengthening students' practical knowledge are considered. Also, best practices in the formation of professional competence through innovative methods such as virtual simulations, business games, and role-playing exercises are analyzed. The results of the article are aimed at providing recommendations for the effective use of imitative models in the education system.

This study investigates how methodical instructional approaches might gradually enhance students' essay-writing abilities. Despite the fact that writing is an essential academic and professional talent, many students find it difficult to acquire efficient essay-writing strategies. The incremental strategy used in this study emphasizes feedback mechanisms, controlled learning periods, and iterative changes. This study describes effective techniques for teachers and students to gradually improve essay-writing skills by looking at pertinent literature and empirical data. The results indicate that intentional practice, focused feedback, and scaffolded learning all play a major role in long-term gains in writing proficiency.

Secondary deformations (or secondary malocclusions) of the dentition are a significant global concern within dentistry and orthodontics. These deformations typically develop following an initial malocclusion or after certain dental or orthodontic treatments and can affect chewing efficiency, speech articulation, facial esthetics, and psychosocial well-being [1]. According to recent global oral health data from the World Health Organization (WHO), malocclusions are among the most prevalent oral health problems worldwide, affecting about 39% of children and adolescents, with many cases progressing to adulthood if not intercepted [2]. Secondary deformations pose an even greater challenge because they often emerge due to inadequate long-term maintenance, relapse, or incomplete correction of the original malocclusion [3]. Prevention of these secondary issues not only benefits individuals by improving oral function and esthetics but also reduces the overall economic burden on healthcare systems by minimizing the need for repeat or extensive corrective treatments [4]. Hence, developing effective strategies to prevent secondary dentition deformities is a priority in contemporary dental practice.

The article presents the results of an analysis of some morbidity indicators for schoolchildren from grades 1 to 10.  The structure of morbidity, the prevalence of functional disorders and chronic pathology are presented. An assessment was made of risk factors for the development of school-related pathology and elements of a healthy lifestyle.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of gossypol derivatives, emphasizing their synthesis, structural features, and therapeutic potential. It serves as a foundation for further exploration and development of these compounds in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.

This article provides a deep analysis of the image of the peasant and the attitude towards him in the works of the thinker and writer Alisher Navoi, "Lison ut-tayr" and "Sabbayi Sayyor." The peasant, as a unique social class in human society, is always needed, at all times, for everyone. Due to his miraculous, legendary labor, whether a king, beggar, dervish, tyrant, or just, the peasant is constantly needed by all, as shown through the artistic depiction in the literary work.

This study provides a comparative analysis of the universal and culture-specific features of proverbs in English and Uzbek languages. Proverbs, as succinct expressions of collective wisdom, serve as vital tools for conveying cultural values, moral lessons, and societal norms. The research identifies common themes such as honesty, the value of time, and human nature, highlighting their presence in both languages. Despite these universal themes, the study reveals distinct cultural expressions rooted in each language's unique historical, social, and environmental contexts.

The methodology involved qualitative comparative analysis, categorizing 200 proverbs from English and Uzbek into thematic groups. The findings demonstrate that while many proverbs share similar meanings, their linguistic expressions, metaphorical imagery, and cultural references differ significantly. For example, proverbs related to work ethics and social relationships reflect the agrarian traditions in Uzbek culture and the individualistic tendencies in Western societies.

The study also explores the complexities of translating proverbs, emphasizing the challenges posed by culture-specific metaphors and idiomatic expressions. Strategies such as finding equivalent proverbs, using descriptive translations, and adapting cultural contexts are suggested to preserve the semantic integrity and cultural nuances in translation.

This research contributes to the fields of comparative linguistics, cultural studies, and translation studies, offering valuable insights into how language serves as a bridge between shared human experiences and distinct cultural identities.

This article discusses psychological stress as one of the most pressing issues in modern society, significantly affecting both mental and physical health. The aim of the study is to comprehensively examine the impact of psychological stress on the human body, identify stress factors, and propose effective methods for stress prevention and management.

This study explores the stylistic features of synecdoche in English and Uzbek languages and examines the challenges involved in translating this figure of speech between the two languages. Synecdoche, as a subset of metonymy, plays a significant role in enhancing the expressiveness of language by using a part to represent the whole or vice versa. Through a comparative analysis of literary texts, the research highlights how synecdoche functions stylistically in both languages, emphasizing its role in conveying vivid imagery, emotional resonance, and cultural values.

The findings reveal that while synecdoche serves similar stylistic purposes in English and Uzbek—such as creating concise, impactful expressions and enhancing narrative depth—its usage reflects distinct cultural and linguistic characteristics. English synecdoche often focuses on individualism and institutional themes, while Uzbek synecdoche emphasizes communal values, family relationships, and traditional life.

The study also addresses the complexities of translating synecdoche, identifying linguistic differences, cultural nuances, and stylistic challenges that can hinder accurate translation. Strategies such as contextual adaptation, descriptive translation, and the use of equivalent expressions are proposed to preserve the intended meaning and stylistic effect in cross-linguistic contexts.

Tax incentives are widely used by governments worldwide to attract investment, stimulate economic growth, and support specific industries. This article examines the role of tax incentives in economic development, analyzing international experiences and their applicability to Uzbekistan. The study highlights best practices, potential risks, and strategies for effective implementation of tax benefits.

This аrticle explores the pedаgogicаl significаnce of using nаturаl mаteriаls in developing creаtive skills аmong primаry school students. Nаturаl mаteriаls аre seen аs tools to encourаge creаtive thinking, increаse interest in prаcticаl аctivities, аnd strengthen connections with the environment. The study provides pedаgogicаl methods, evаluаtes the effectiveness of utilizing nаturаl mаteriаls in lessons, аnd offers methodologicаl recommendаtions.

Exploring the Role of Integrated Approaches in Developing Students' Creativity as well as Developing Creativity in Primary Education "It was analyzed how important it is for students to acquire different knowledge and skills.

This article deals with the linguocultural aspect of phraseological units of the Uzbek language. Linguocultural approach to the study of linguistic phenomena as units reflecting the national specificity of the people is relevant at this stage of development of linguistics.

 The content of this article focuses on the study of experiences in providing future specialists with theoretical and practical knowledge of Uzbek classical music, including maqoms, in educational institutions operating at various stages of the continuing education system. Analytical considerations are  made on the specific aspects of musical education.

In case of odontogenic sinusitis, the presence of a message between the bottom of the sinus and the oral cavity or an exacerbation of the closed process is the reason for hospitalization. [1,4,6].

With perforated sinusitis, the doctor has two tasks:

1. Elimination of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinus.


2. Closing the communication between the sinus and the oral cavity.

Without eliminating the active inflammatory process, it is impractical to close the perforation. However, the use of traditional methods of treating odontogenic sinusitis is often accompanied by various complications and relapses of the process in a certain group of patients. [3,4,6].

According to some authors, this is due to the treatment without taking into account the characteristics of the sinus microflora and the local use

of short-acting antiseptics. [ 2,3,7].

The purpose of this report is to present our experience in the treatment of odontogenic perforated sinusitis using a complex of therapeutic measures that have a prolonged etiopathogenetic effect. [3,7].

Higher education in Uzbekistan is developing rapidly and steadily. This process is strongly influenced by internal development trends and global factors. The author attempts to reveal the socio-philosophical essence of the most important aspects of the development of higher education.

Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. It is a leading infectious disease responsible for hospitalizations and death in children, particularly in low-income countries. Various factors contribute to the development of pneumonia in children, ranging from viral and bacterial infections to environmental and genetic factors. This article explores the causes of pneumonia in children, examining both microbial pathogens and predisposing factors, as well as strategies for prevention and treatment.

The respiratory system is essential for the process of respiration, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body. This system comprises several key structures, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Each of these components plays a critical role in ensuring effective airflow and gas exchange. This article delves into the anatomy of the respiratory tract, highlighting the functions and importance of each structure in the overall process of respiration.

This article is active on the will qualities of 6-7 year-old children devoted to the issue of development with the help of games. Play activities are a natural need for children, through which the child develops not only play skills, but also patience, independence, goal-orientedness and self-control. The article analyzes the young characteristics of children, highlights the role and importance of active games in voluntary education, and alsogives recommendations on the organization of games through pedagogical approaches and methods. This study presents innovative medhods that help in the formation of voluntariy qualities and analiyzes the educational possibilities of games in depth.   

The owner of Science, a scientist, a person examines people in society, studies, determines what kind of person society is good, what is bad, studies qualities in people, determines which of them are good, which are evil, harmful. He analyzes, teaches who a person really is, what his purpose is to live, how he needs to live, how he does, which way he can live well, what principles-based society, good or bad, what he does, the country is prosperous, the people will be happy.

It is known that the veneration of Ulughzot – Alisher Nawai, who served to unite Turkic peoples with his rich and immortal heritage for centuries, never fades.

The special working group, formed in December 2020 by the idea and initiative of the head of State, returned to Afghanistan for the purpose of re-renovation and improvement of the mausoleum of Hazrat Navoi in Herat, carrying out heated negotiations. In this regard, it is envisaged that large-scale practical work will begin in the coming days. This is also a symbol of the high reverence of our president for the personality of.

 Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to progressive liver fibrosis, which can be non-invasively assessed by elastography. Despite the availability of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), interest in complementary and alternative therapies remains high in many regions.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of selected traditional folk remedies on liver stiffness as measured by transient elastography in patients with chronic HCV infection. Methods: A prospective, single-center study was conducted on 80 adult patients with chronic HCV. Patients in the intervention group (n=40) received a standardized regimen of herbal extracts (based on commonly used folk remedies), while the control group (n=40) received no additional herbal therapy. All patients were on standard antiviral therapy. Liver elastography (FibroScan®) was performed at baseline and at 12 weeks post-intervention. Biochemical markers (ALT, AST) and patient-reported outcomes were also recorded.
Results: Compared with controls, the intervention group demonstrated a modest but statistically significant reduction in liver stiffness values (mean difference -1.2 kPa, p=0.03). Improvements in serum ALT and AST levels were also observed, although these did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). No serious adverse events were reported, and overall tolerability was high. Conclusion: The addition of certain traditional folk remedies to standard antiviral therapy may contribute to mild improvements in liver elasticity in patients with chronic HCV. Further large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate mechanisms of action.

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious acute liver disease with significant global impact. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2016, about 7,134 people died from hepatitis A worldwide, representing roughly 0.5% of all viral hepatitis deaths​. Many of these infections occur in early childhood, especially in regions with poor sanitation – in low-income countries up to 90% of children are infected by age 10, usually without symptoms​. This ubiquity makes Hepatitis A both a common childhood infection and a public health challenge. Fortunately, effective immunoprophylaxis (vaccination) is available. A safe and effective vaccine can prevent hepatitis A​, and immunization programs have dramatically reduced disease incidence [1]. For example, countries that introduced routine hepatitis A vaccination in children have seen cases plummet by over 95% within a decade​. Given the vaccine’s success, it is crucial to understand its safety profile. Careful monitoring of post-vaccination complications in pediatric patients ensures that immunoprophylaxis remains a trusted cornerstone in controlling Hepatitis A globally [2]. This article examines the importance of hepatitis A immunoprophylaxis in children, and analyzes the frequency and nature of post-vaccination reactions, drawing on data from WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other scientific sources.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although various environmental and socioeconomic factors contribute to TB risk, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of genetic predisposition in host susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [1]. This review summarizes current knowledge of the genetic variants associated with increased or decreased TB risk, highlights emerging genomic and transcriptomic approaches, and discusses the complex interplay between host genes and pathogen-related factors [2]. Understanding these genetic determinants can facilitate personalized risk assessments, inform vaccine development, and guide novel therapeutic strategies [3].

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including influenza, are among the most common illnesses in early childhood, posing a significant risk for infants under one year of age. Children in this age group have an immature immune system and limited physiological reserves, making them more vulnerable to severe complications such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and in rare cases, respiratory failure. Traditional antiviral therapies and supportive measures are often constrained by age-related safety and efficacy issues. Therefore, exploring innovative treatment methods is crucial to improving clinical outcomes, reducing hospitalization rates, and preventing long-term sequelae in this high-risk population.

The article considers pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome (THS) in patients with viral hepatitis B (HBV). An analysis of coagulopathic changes associated with liver damage is carried out, and approaches to the correction of hemostasis disorders are proposed. The obtained results and discussions can contribute to the improvement of diagnostic and treatment methods for THS in this category of patients, which will ultimately increase the effectiveness of therapy and improve the prognosis.

This article explores how English reading activities can be effectively utilized to develop critical thinking skills among learners. It discusses various strategies, such as questioning techniques, analysis of texts, and reflective reading, that can transform passive reading into an active process of critical evaluation. By integrating activities like identifying bias, comparing perspectives, and drawing inferences, educators can foster analytical and interpretive abilities in students. The article also examines the challenges educators face in implementing these strategies and suggests practical solutions. The findings indicate that a structured approach to reading activities can significantly enhance students’ ability to think critically and independently.

This article explores the influence of gamification on English language learning, focusing on its potential to enhance motivation, engagement, and language retention among students. By integrating game-like elements such as points, badges, and leaderboards into language learning, educators can transform traditional classroom activities into interactive and enjoyable experiences. The article examines various gamified learning platforms, their effectiveness in different age groups, and the psychological principles that make gamification an effective teaching strategy. Challenges and limitations, such as balancing game elements with educational content, are also discussed. Key insights suggest that when applied thoughtfully, gamification can significantly improve students' language skills and sustain their interest in learning.

 This paper examines the semantic, structural, and pragmatic dimensions of negative assessment expressive verbalizers (NAEVs) across various languages. It discusses their intensity, subjectivity, cultural influences, and syntactic positioning, as well as their implications for translation and language learning.

This paper examines the historical development of the Latin language from its early origins to its modern-day influence. It highlights Latin’s transformation from a regional dialect in Latium to the dominant language of the Roman Empire. The document discusses the evolution from Classical Latin to Vulgar Latin, leading to the development of the Romance languages. It also explores the role of Latin in medieval education, religious institutions, and its lasting presence in modern science, law, and academia.

Latin, one of the most influential languages in human history, has played a fundamental role in shaping modern linguistic structures and expressions. Originating from the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, Latin evolved through various historical phases, from Old Latin to Classical and Vulgar Latin, ultimately influencing the development of Romance languages. This study investigates the origins, structure, and historical transformations of Latin, analyzing its impact on modern linguistic development, including its role in legal, scientific, and academic contexts. Additionally, this research highlights Latin's influence on English and other non-Romance languages, showcasing its enduring legacy. While Latin is often considered a "dead language" in terms of daily communication, its linguistic and cultural significance remains deeply embedded in modern societies.

Teaching Russian grammar has evolved significantly with the integration of modern methodologies. Effective grammar instruction is essential for non-native speakers to achieve fluency and comprehension. This article explores contemporary approaches to teaching Russian grammar, including communicative, cognitive, and technological methods, and evaluates their impact on language acquisition. A critical analysis of these methodologies highlights their strengths, limitations, and potential areas for improvement.

 Pharmaceutical terminology consists of complex, Latin- and Greek-derived terms that are often lengthy and difficult to recall. Mastering these terms is crucial for healthcare professionals, pharmacists, and medical students. This article explores various methods for memorizing pharmaceutical terms effectively, incorporating cognitive strategies, mnemonic techniques, visualization, active learning, and technology-based approaches. By employing these methods, learners can enhance retention, improve comprehension, and apply pharmaceutical vocabulary accurately in professional settings.

 This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the comparative application of media terms across various contexts, including journalism, digital media, and advertising. Media terms such as framing, gatekeeping, agenda-setting, convergence, and new media are explored in terms of their definitions, applications, and impact. By examining how these terms function in different media landscapes, this study highlights the influence of cultural, technological, and political factors on media discourse.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in language instruction has revolutionized the methodologies employed in teaching Uzbek and English. AI-driven educational tools enhance linguistic acquisition by providing personalized learning experiences, adaptive assessments, and real-time feedback. This study explores the implementation of AI-based strategies in teaching fundamental aspects of both languages, analyzing their effectiveness in enhancing phonetics, syntax, vocabulary, and overall language proficiency. The research highlights key AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and automated tutoring systems that facilitate more efficient language learning. Moreover, the study examines the benefits and challenges associated with AI-assisted language instruction, providing insights into the future of bilingual education.

Oral speech plays a critical role in the academic and professional development of students at the Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute. Effective verbal communication is essential for pharmacists, enabling them to interact with patients, collaborate with healthcare professionals, and present medical information accurately. This article explores the objectives and types of oral speech relevant to pharmacy students, emphasizing the importance of linguistic competence, professional communication skills, and public speaking abilities in pharmaceutical education.

Letter writing remains a crucial aspect of communication, bridging personal and professional interactions through formal and informal styles. Formal letters adhere to structured conventions, maintaining professionalism, clarity, and precision, typically used in business, academic, and official correspondences. In contrast, informal letters embrace a relaxed and expressive tone, facilitating personal connections between friends and family. This analysis explores the fundamental differences between these two forms of letter writing, highlighting their purposes, structural elements, and linguistic features. Understanding these distinctions is essential in ensuring effective communication tailored to the appropriate audience and context. While technological advancements have introduced new digital communication methods, the principles of formal and informal letter writing remain relevant, reinforcing the need for adaptability in modern written correspondence.

This article examines the impact of advanced pedagogical technologies on foreign language teaching, emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence, gamification, adaptive learning, and virtual reality. It discusses the theoretical foundations supporting technology-enhanced language instruction and explores various digital tools that foster engagement, personalization, and accessibility. The paper also highlights the challenges associated with technological dependence, data privacy, and cost implications. Additionally, it presents future trends, including AI-driven personalized learning, augmented reality applications, and blockchain-based certification. The study underscores the transformative role of educational technology in optimizing language acquisition and cross-cultural communication.

Ensuring a healthy lifestyle among children remains a crucial global health priority, as behaviors adopted early in life significantly affect health outcomes into adulthood. Medical-social factors, encompassing elements such as family habits, socioeconomic status, healthcare accessibility, community infrastructure, and education, play a vital role in shaping children's health behaviors and lifestyle decisions [1]. Given the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, diabetes, and mental health disorders, comprehensive knowledge of these factors is necessary to create effective interventions and policies to encourage healthier lifestyles among young populations.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading global health challenge, responsible for an enormous burden of death and disability. They account for about 41 million deaths each year (roughly 74% of all global deaths)​. This includes an estimated 17–18 million people dying prematurely (before age 70), of whom over 80% live in low- and middle-income countries​. If current trends continue unchecked, NCDs could rise to cause 75% of all deaths worldwide by 2030​. However, a large portion of these deaths are preventable through timely interventions – notably by early detection and management. Health authorities emphasize that detection and screening of NCDs are key components of the strategy to combat this epidemic​. Improving screening control for NCDs is therefore critically important to reduce avoidable mortality and meet global targets for NCD prevention. Strengthening screening programs can lead to earlier diagnosis, more effective treatment, and a reduction in the long-term costs and impacts of these chronic diseases [1]​.

Children’s health is a pivotal indicator of a region's overall socio-economic and environmental stability. Amid increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, environmental degradation, changing lifestyles, and socio-economic disparities, analyzing the health status and trends among children at a regional scale is increasingly important [1]. Effective regional programs promoting children's health can significantly contribute to the sustainable development and improved overall public health of society, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive policy-making [2].

An analysis of modern environmental problems is given, in particular social ecology and the transition to a “green” economy in many countries of the world.

An analysis of modern literature was carried out, which reflects the peculiarities of the physical development of children depending on regional, climatic-geographical, some socio-economic factors, and nutrition.

In addition to metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and assignment, the article addresses the blurred use of meaning migration, and the frequent use of metaphorically-metonymy, metonymy-synecdoche in both oral and nonfiction. The”Glossary of literary studies " explores metonymy as a problem in fiction, especially in modern literature, where metaphorical thought is leading, and in terms of aesthetic functionality it stands below metaphor as a problem for its attitude to the universe and social being, and its role in it.  

This article analyzes the methodological aspects and specific features of teaching medical terms. The article highlights the effectiveness of using a contextual approach, interactive methods and technologies in teaching terminology.

Ischemic myocardium results from insufficient coronary blood flow, leading to myocardial hypoxia and metabolic disturbances. The primary cause is atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), which contributes to chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies for ischemic myocardium. It also discusses emerging therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors, anti-inflammatory treatments, and regenerative medicine approaches. A multidisciplinary approach integrating medical therapy, lifestyle interventions, and revascularization techniques remains essential in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Dyslexiа аnd dysgrаphiа аre widely studied lаnguаge-relаted leаrning disorders, yet reseаrch on their mаnifestаtions in Uzbek-speаking children remаins limited. This аrticle exаmines the linguistic chаrаcteristics of dyslexiа аnd dysgrаphiа аmong Uzbek-speаking children, focusing on phonologicаl, morphologicаl, аnd orthogrаphic difficulties. The study employs а mixed-methods аpproаch, integrаting phonologicаl аwаreness tests, spelling аnаlysis, аnd syntаctic evаluаtions. The findings indicаte thаt unique feаtures of the Uzbek lаnguаge, such аs vowel hаrmony, аgglutinаtive morphology, аnd complex consonаnt clusters, contribute to specific pаtterns of errors in dyslexic аnd dysgrаphic children. The аrticle discusses linguistic interventions tаilored to the Uzbek linguistic system, emphаsizing phonemic аwаreness trаining, orthogrаphic reinforcement, аnd multisensory leаrning techniques. The study's implicаtions suggest thаt а linguisticаlly informed аpproаch cаn significаntly improve the diаgnosis аnd remediаtion of dyslexiа аnd dysgrаphiа in Uzbek-speаking children.

This article analyzes general information about the Varganza-2 pumping station, the principle of operation of the pumping station, technical characteristics and efficiency indicators. The role of the pumping station in the water supply and irrigation system of Kitab district, as well as proposals for improving its energy efficiency, are considered.

The article discusses the existence of grammatical category of tense in the world languages. The author focuses on distinctive features of this category in terms of agglutinating and inflecting languages.

Formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) in childhood is one of the key priorities of the public health system. The risks of developing chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood largely depend on the eating habits and physical activity established in childhood. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), childhood obesity is recognized as one of the most serious medical and social problems of the 21st century [1]. On the one hand, there are still pockets of malnutrition and stunted growth in children in the world, especially in rural and low-income communities. On the other hand, there is a steady increase in the proportion of overweight children due to a high-calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle. In the countries of Central Asia, which are experiencing a demographic and epidemiological transition, these problems are becoming especially relevant. In a number of regions, the level of chronic malnutrition in children remains relatively high – for example, in Tajikistan, more than 20% of children under 5 years of age have stunted growth (chronic malnutrition). At the same time, the prevalence of overweight among school-age children in the region is approaching the indicators of European countries [2]. Thus, medical and social factors influencing children's lifestyle (nutrition, physical activity, prevention) require a comprehensive study to develop effective preventive measures [3].

Adolescent health is an essential component of public well-being, since it is at this age that the physical, mental and social state of the future adult population is actively formed. In modern conditions, adolescents face many risk factors, such as unfavorable environmental conditions, poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, high academic loads, the influence of social networks and digital technologies, as well as the prevalence of bad habits [1].

Andijan region, being a densely populated region with a developed industrial and agricultural sector, has a number of specific features that affect the health of adolescents. There is significant population migration in the region, which leads to instability of family conditions for some adolescents, as well as different levels of accessibility of medical and educational services [2]. In addition, urbanization and lifestyle changes lead to changes in dietary patterns and decreased physical activity among adolescents, which increases the risk of developing various chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular pathologies and endocrine disorders [3].

Another important aspect is the psycho-emotional state of adolescents. In modern society, they are exposed to significant stress factors associated with the educational process, family problems and social pressure [4]. This can lead to an increase in anxiety and depression, as well as the formation of destructive behavior patterns.

The study of hygienic and medical-social factors affecting the health of adolescents in the Andijan region is critically important for identifying problem areas and developing effective prevention strategies. The results of this study can be used to improve regional health programs, increase the effectiveness of educational initiatives and improve the quality of life of adolescents.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. In Uzbekistan, the share of NCDs reaches approximately 79% of all deaths, which exceeds the global figure (71%). Of particular concern is the extremely high mortality rate from cardiovascular pathology: according to 2019 data, over 64% of all deaths in the country are associated with diseases of the heart and blood vessels [2]. This is one of the highest rates in the world - in 2021, the mortality rate from CVD in Uzbekistan was about 798 cases per 100 thousand population, being the highest among all countries [3]. The high prevalence of risk factors (arterial hypertension, obesity, smoking, etc.) leads to the fact that almost a third of Uzbek citizens aged 40-64 have a high (≥30%) 10-year risk of heart attack or stroke. The situation is aggravated by late diagnosis: many patients are unaware of their disease. Thus, the number of registered patients with diabetes in Uzbekistan in 2019 was ~245 thousand, while the estimated number of diabetics exceeds 1.2 million (about 6-7% of the adult population). In other words, for every identified diabetic, there are up to 5-6 cases of undiagnosed diabetes [4]. A similar gap is observed with hypertension and other NCDs. Under-detection and late diagnosis lead to the fact that most patients begin treatment at late stages, when complications have developed (stroke, heart attack, nephropathy, etc.). In these conditions, improving the NCD screening system - timely detection of CVD, diabetes and risk factors - is an extremely urgent task for the healthcare system of Uzbekistan [5]. Effective screening programs can reduce premature mortality, prevent the development of complications and improve the quality of life of the population. This work is devoted to the analysis of the epidemiological situation for CVD and diabetes in 2019-2025 in Central Asia (using Uzbekistan as an example), assessing the effectiveness of existing screening measures and developing recommendations for their improvement

Children's health is the most important factor in the sustainable development of society, since the physical and mental well-being of the younger generation determines the future socio-economic potential of the country. In recent decades, there has been an increase in chronic diseases among children, an increase in obesity, allergic reactions, endocrine and mental disorders [1]. These negative trends are due to the impact of many factors, such as urbanization, environmental pollution, changes in diet, a sedentary lifestyle, stress and excessive use of digital technologies [2].

Modern challenges require the development and implementation of comprehensive measures aimed at preventing diseases and strengthening children's health at the national, regional and local levels. The development of effective strategies should take into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the influence of the environment, as well as the level of accessibility of medical and social care. Educational institutions, families and public organizations play an important role in health promotion and should work together to develop healthy habits and a healthy lifestyle in children [3].

In this regard, the study of modern trends in strengthening children's health, as well as the analysis of regional strategies aimed at improving their physical and mental health, are relevant and in demand in the scientific and practical spheres.

The article expresses gratitude for the achievements achieved thanks to independence. The revival of the memory of ancestors, the improvement of places of pilgrimage, the translation of Islamic sources into the Uzbek language. The study of the lives and spiritual heritage of world scholars is due to our independence. Travels abroad are cited in order to find sources.

This article analyzes the formation of future professions, the impact of technological progress on the labor market and the essential skills required   today. Due to advancements in technology, artificial intelligence, and automation, new professions are expected to emerge while some traditional ones may disappear. Therefore, modern education must focus on technological literacy, critical and creative thinking and adaptability.

The role of culture in English Language Teaching (ELT) is essential for fostering a comprehensive understanding of language learning. Language is not just a system of communication; it is deeply rooted in cultural contexts, norms, and values. By integrating cultural elements into ELT, educators can help students gain a broader perspective, understand linguistic nuances, and improve their communicative competence. This integration enables students to connect language learning with real-world experiences, making language more meaningful and relevant. Culture influences language in terms of vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, gestures, body language, and social contexts. Therefore, incorporating culture into language teaching enhances the development of intercultural competence and prepares students for effective communication in diverse, globalized settings.

In the construction of prefabricated monolithic structures, in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete structures at construction sites and landfills, it is possible to monolithize the seams of prefabricated structures, concrete with antifreeze additives despite low temperatures (up to -25 °C). In addition, when concreting in winter, care should be taken when using special types of concrete: those used in high-strength and aggressive environments. It is well known that premature freezing of concrete, as well as the use of certain admixtures, can affect the performance characteristics of concrete, particularly its durability.