The popularity of orthopedic treatment using the method of dental implantation causes the interest of researchers to study the integration of implants in bone tissue. Analysis of the literature shows that the improvement of research technology and interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of osteointegration of dental implants has led to a change in traditional concept in recent years. This article summarizes information about the physiological processes and cellular interactions occurring on the border "implant-bone tissue" in various stages of integration. The results of studies indicate the need for revision notions of bio inertness of titanium implants and consideration of the integration process in the immunological aspect.