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will drink the water, the poison in the foot will drink poison”), “Eki kemenin' basın uslag'an suwg'a
ketedi” (“He who holds the heads of two boats goes into the water”) and so on [7].
In general, Karakalpak proverbs and sayings have a great role in understanding the past
life of the people, enriching our literary language, and educating future generations.
References
1. Aymbetov K.(1965) “Kаrakalpak national storytellers”. Tashkent
2. Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, ed. Arthur Johnston (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1974), Сhapter 23, 130pp.
3. Jumаbaevna, J. U. (2021). Karakalpak folk proverbs-the basis of people's wisdom. Academicia:
An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(6), 379-384.
4. Toreniyazovа,A.Y. (2024). Study of German, Uzbek, Karakalpak proverbs in linguistic and
methodological aspects.Innovative Development in Educational Activities, 3 (1), 143-150.
5. Miguel de Cervantes, “Don Quixote”, trans. John Rutherford (London: Penguin Classics, 2003),
162.
6.
J. Eshbаev (1985). A Concise Phraseological Dictionary of the Karakalpak Language. 115-
119pp
7.Ma'mbetov.K., Jаqsi'mova.G., Nietova.R. (2013) “A'debiyat” pp 41-44 . 652s
TOLERANCE: A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE FOR SOCIAL HARMONY AND
PROGRESS
Bekturdiyeva
Laylo Farxod qizi,
Student of KSU,
Scientific advisor: Menlimuratova Elmira Azatovna PhD, docent
Abstract:
Tolerance is a fundamental principle in fostering peaceful coexistence and mutual
understanding among individuals and societies. In a globalized world, where cultural, religious,
and ideological diversity is prevalent, tolerance plays a crucial role in preventing conflicts,
promoting inclusivity, and ensuring social progress. This paper explores the concept of tolerance,
its historical development, theoretical foundations, and its significance in contemporary society.
It also highlights the challenges associated with intolerance and suggests strategies for promoting
a more tolerant world.
Keywords:
Tolerance, diversity, cultural understanding, social harmony, human rights.
Tolerance is the ability to accept and respect differences in opinions, beliefs, and practices
among individuals and groups. It is not merely passive acceptance but an active effort to foster
understanding and cooperation. The concept has evolved over centuries, influenced by
philosophical, religious, and political ideas. Today, tolerance is recognized as a fundamental value
in democratic societies and a key principle in human rights frameworks (UNESCO, 1995). In an
era of globalization, migration, and digital communication, societies are becoming more
interconnected. While this interconnectivity offers numerous benefits, it also leads to challenges
such as cultural clashes, discrimination, and social polarization. This paper examines the
theoretical perspectives on tolerance, its historical development, the challenges posed by
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intolerance, and strategies to promote tolerance in different spheres of life. Several philosophical
and theoretical frameworks have shaped the understanding of tolerance:
1. Classical liberal philosophers such as John Locke and John Stuart Mill advocated for
tolerance as a fundamental principle of individual freedom and democracy. Locke (1689) argued
that religious tolerance is essential for a peaceful society, while Mill (1859) emphasized that
freedom of thought and expression should be protected to ensure intellectual and social progress.
2. From a social constructivist viewpoint, tolerance is seen as a socially learned behavior
that develops through education, cultural exposure, and social interactions (Piaget, 1932). People
acquire tolerance through experiences that challenge their preconceptions and encourage empathy
toward diverse perspectives.
3. Human Rights Perspective
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) underscores tolerance as a core
principle in promoting equality and human dignity. Article 26 emphasizes education as a means
of fostering tolerance and understanding among different nations and communities. UNESCO's
Declaration of Principles on Tolerance (1995) further elaborates on the role of institutions in
cultivating a culture of tolerance. Tolerance is crucial in various aspects of society, including
education, politics, and interpersonal relationships. Education plays a significant role in promoting
tolerance. Schools and universities serve as platforms for multicultural interactions, where
individuals learn to respect diverse perspectives. Integrating tolerance-based curricula can help
reduce prejudice and discrimination (Banks, 2008). Democratic societies thrive on tolerance,
allowing for political pluralism and freedom of expression. Political intolerance often leads to
polarization, authoritarianism, and social unrest. A healthy democracy requires citizens and leaders
to engage in constructive dialogue despite ideological differences (Dahl, 1998). In everyday
interactions, tolerance fosters harmonious relationships by promoting empathy, patience, and
understanding. A tolerant society is more inclusive, reducing conflicts arising from cultural,
religious, or ideological differences (Allport, 1954). Despite its significance, tolerance faces
several challenges in modern society:
1. Rise of Intolerance and Extremism. In recent years, there has been a global increase in
intolerance, manifested in racial discrimination, religious fundamentalism, and political
extremism. Social media has also contributed to the spread of hate speech and misinformation,
exacerbating divisions (Sunstein, 2017).
2. Cultural and Religious Conflicts. Cultural and religious differences sometimes lead to
misunderstandings and tensions. In some cases, tolerance is mistakenly equated with moral
relativism, leading to ethical dilemmas regarding the limits of acceptance (Huntington, 1996).
3. Education and Misinformation. A lack of proper education on diversity and tolerance
can lead to prejudices and stereotypes. Misinformation and propaganda further fuel intolerance,
making it difficult to establish mutual respect among different communities (Van Dijk, 1993). To
foster a more tolerant society, various approaches can be implemented:
1. Education and Awareness Campaigns. Educational institutions should incorporate
programs that promote cultural understanding and critical thinking skills. Campaigns that address
issues of discrimination and inclusivity can also help raise awareness.
2. Media organizations should ensure ethical journalism and avoid sensationalism that
promotes intolerance. Social media platforms must regulate hate speech while promoting positive
narratives of diversity.
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3. Policy Interventions. Governments and international organizations must enforce policies
that protect minority rights and encourage intercultural dialogue. Legal frameworks should
penalize acts of discrimination and hate crimes.
4. Community Engagement. Local communities play a vital role in promoting tolerance
through interfaith dialogues, cultural exchange programs, and grassroots initiatives that foster
mutual respect. Tolerance is an essential principle for maintaining social harmony, protecting
human rights, and ensuring peaceful coexistence. While challenges such as extremism,
misinformation, and cultural conflicts persist, proactive efforts in education, policy-making, and
media regulation can help cultivate a culture of tolerance. As societies continue to evolve,
embracing tolerance as a core value will be crucial for sustainable development and global peace.
References
1.Allport, G. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
2.Banks, J. A. (2008). Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives. Jossey-Bass.
3.Dahl, R. A. (1998). On Democracy. Yale University Press.
4.Huntington, S. P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Simon
& Schuster.
5.Locke, J. (1689). A Letter Concerning Toleration. Awnsham Churchill.
6. Mill, J. S. (1859). On Liberty. J. W. Parker and Son.
7. Piaget, J. (1932). The Moral Judgment of the Child. Harcourt, Brace & World.
8. Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton
University Press.
9.UNESCO. (1995). Declaration of Principles on Tolerance.
10.United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
11.Van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Elite Discourse and Racism. Sage Publications.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE
Egambergenova Nurziyo Maxmud qizi,
Student of KSU
Annotation:
This study delves into the methods which are modern and more innovative for
teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), and aims to explain enthusiastic strategies for
teaching English. This research was conducted by following the stages of library research. It
examines mostly the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) , task-based learning, assignments
for students and gemification in language instruction. The article highlights how these kind of
strategies enhance student engagement, motivation and language retention. In addition, the
implementation of innovative strategies aims to prepare students to master the skills needed in
the digital and global era. Innovative and modern learning strategies are proven to provide
various benefits in the language learning process. Moreover, the research discusses challenges
such as teacher training, technological accessibility and curriculum adaptation which are faced
