JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Sattivaldiyev Baxrom, Makhmudov Galib, Abdurakhimov Lochinbek, Utaganov Sarvar,
Xushvaqtov Sardor
Tashkent State Transport University Engineering of vehicles department
ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITY OF EXHAUST GASES EMITTED FROM VEHICLES
IN A CROSS SECTION THROUGH COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAM
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of the development of a model of the intersection using
the PTV VISSIM simulation software. One of the problematic intersections in the city of
Tashkent was selected and the traffic flow during peak hours was studied to analyze the
intersection. The article discusses two solutions to reduce the amount of toxic gases and fuel
consumption. The first solution is by optimizing the traffic light phases and changing their
control cycle. The second solution represents a reduction by changing the geometric parameters
of the intersection. After we applied both solutions, the service level of the intersection, LOS,
increased from F to B.
Key words:
intersection model, simulation software, traffic flow, rush hour, toxic gases, fuel
consumption, regulatory phase, regulatory cycle, intersection service level.
A brief summary
In recent years, the number of cars has increased by 2-3 times, and about 700-800 thousand cars
drive on city streets every day. Apart from creating traffic jams, they have a major impact on
environmental degradation and safety of pedestrians and passengers. But the city's public
transport and road infrastructure cannot adequately respond to these problems. The city lacks
surface and underground pedestrian crossings and parking lots. Also, the city has more than 500
major intersections, 200 of which have low traffic capacity.
Air pollution by driven cars is very high, for example, when 10-12 liters of gasoline are
consumed per car, 25 kg of various harmful chemical compounds are released into the
atmosphere. One car consumes 4 tons of oxygen per year [2]. Engine exhaust gas contains more
than 500 harmful organic compounds such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2),
nitrogen oxides (NO), hydrocarbons (HC), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and others. All
this leads to the following situation. deterioration of human health and global warming
worldwide [1]. Optimal organization of traffic lights at intersections will reduce these emissions.
Road traffic is a source of harmful emissions. Studies show that drivers, passengers and people
living near highways are the most affected. Sometimes their influence has disastrous
consequences. Since 2019, the Yandex mobile application in Uzbekistan has started reporting
traffic jams in the city. After 11 months of work, the company summarized the results of the year
and found out how the traffic in Tashkent is changing. Average traffic has changed from 4.5
points in August to 5.8 points in April. If the most convenient time of the year for car owners is
summer, then the most difficult time is morning traffic in April.
The intersection with the intersection of Bogishamol and Tashkent Ring Road was chosen.
General street information is shown below. University Street has a total of 5 lanes, the width of
the street is 21 m, there are dividing lines and pedestrian crossings on the street; Bogishamol
Street has 6 lanes in total, the width of the street is 25 m, there are dividers and pedestrian
crossings on the street; The total number of road lanes near the intersection of the Tashkent ring
road is 5, the width of the streets is 22 m on one side, and 25 m on the other side, and there are
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
dividing lanes and pedestrian crossings on the street. The traffic light works in 2 stages. The
duration of the traffic light cycle is 98 seconds. Figure 1 shows the view of the studied
intersection.
Figure 1. General view of the intersection
Table 1 shows the number of vehicles that passed through the intersection within 2 hours by type.
Types of vehicles
Car
Bus
Freight wagon
Amount
12639
294
687
Based on the above information, a simulation model of the current state of the intersection was
developed using the PTV VISSIM program. The traffic quality of the intersection is evaluated as
follows (Table 2).
LOS
For an intersection controlled by a traffic light
For a controlled intersection
without a traffic light
A
≤10 sec
≤10 sec
B
10-20 sec
10-15 sec
C
20-35 sec
15–25 sec
D
35–55 sec
25–35 sec
E
55–80 sec
35–50 sec
F
>80 sec
>50 sec
For regulated and unregulated intersections, LOS is determined by the average vehicle delay at
the intersection. LOS can be defined for each intersection configuration, each movement or
approach.
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Figure 2. A simulation view of the current state of the intersection under investigation.
A computer model of the current state of the intersection was developed taking into account
traffic flow, traffic light phases and rotation duration, and the following results were obtained
(Table 3).
At the moment, traffic lights are installed at the intersection, they work in two stages (phases)
and the duration of the cycle is 98 seconds. The effective green time of a green traffic light is 92
seconds and the lost time is 6 seconds.
No
Indicators
Current condition
1
Intersection Level of Service (LOS)
F
2
Number of cars (units)
5317
3
Fuel consumption (l)
1067.959
4
Exhaust gas CO (grams)
19720.533
5
Nitrogen Oxide NOx (grams)
3836.899
6
Organic compounds VOC (grams)
4570.424
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Figure 3. A computer model of the cycle and phase of a traffic light installed at an
intersection.
The optimal duration of the cycle at the intersection of University, Bogishamol and Tashkent
Ring Road is determined as follows. Proposed traffic light phase and cycle
Table 4
Stage A
Stage B
c
648/3 lines = 216
1246/2 lines = 623
c
1400
1400
v/c
0.15
0.44
A computer model of the intersection was built taking into account the recommended phase and
traffic light cycle values. After computer simulation, the following results are obtained. The
optimal value of the duration of the control cycle is determined by Webster's formula [4].
C =
1.5 ∗ L + 5
1 − Y
where C is the optimal duration of the control cycle, s; L - time lost in the cycle, s; Yc - critical
v/s - the sum of ratios (phase coefficients) was calculated using the data in Table 4 and the
following results were obtained:
Yc = 0.15+0.44=0.59; L= 6 s,
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
C = (1.5 * 6 + 5) / (1-0.59) = 34 s.
Figure 4. Proposed computer model of the intersection
According to table #=5, it can be seen that the traffic flow capacity of the
intersection has been improved several times due to the optimization of the phase
and cycle of the traffic light installed at the intersection.
Geometrical changes at this intersection allow to minimize the number of traffic
light phases, reduce conflict points and minimize the time spent at the intersection.
The indicators obtained as a result of computer simulation, ie, the proposed state
Table 5
No.
Indicators
Proposed condition
1
Intersection Level of Service (LOS)
B
2
Number of cars (units)
7598
3
Fuel consumption (l)
608,773
4
Exhaust gas CO (grams)
11241.364
5
Nitrogen Oxide NOx (grams)
2187.161
6
Organic compounds VOC (gram
2605.295
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Rice. 5. The proposed cycle and phase of the traffic light at the intersection
The adequacy of the intersection's carrying capacity to meet the demand of the traffic flow is
evaluated by the degree of saturation (v/c ratio). When the v/c ratio is generally below 0.85,
sufficient capacity is not expected, i.e. vehicle waiting (queues) and delays are not expected.
When the v/c ratio approaches 1.0, the traffic flow may become unstable, causing delays and
congestion. When the v/c ratio is higher than 1.0, the demand exceeds the capacity, the traffic
flow is unstable and excessive delay and congestion are created. Under these conditions, vehicles
may require multiple traffic lights to cycle through the intersection, resulting in cycle shortages.
It is recommended to use v/c ratio in long-term planning for conditions of 0.85 to 0.95 for multi-
year (usually 20 years) peak periods [4]. PTV VISSIM software can be used to define a solution
for effective street traffic management. Usually 15 minutes of analysis per vehicle is enough to
determine the report data for a whole day. After analyzing the condition of the intersection with
the modified parameters, the following results were obtained:
the capacity of the intersection
for one hour during peak hours;
the maximum length of traffic generated at the intersection;
average vehicle delay;
car fuel consumption;
Intersection Loss of Service (LOS);
the amount of emissions from vehicles.
Table 6
No Indicators
Current status
Proposed condition
1
Intersection Level of Service (LOS)
F
B
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 02, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
2
Number of cars (units)
5317
7598
3
Fuel consumption (l)
1067.843
608,773
4
Exhaust gas CO (grams)
19720.533
11241.364
5
Nitrogen Oxide NOx (grams)
3836.899
2187.161
6
Organic compounds VOC (grams)
4570.424
2605.295
The results of the computer model for optimizing the operation of the intersection are presented
in Table 5. As can be seen from the table, the level of service of the intersection has improved
from F to B. Vehicle emissions and fuel consumption are reduced by almost 50%. We can see
significant improvement in other parameters as well. The results were achieved thanks to the
computer model of the intersection developed using the PTV VISSIM simulation program.
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