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International scientific-online conference
64
OPTIMIZATION OF SORBENT, COAGULANT AND FLOCCULANT
DOSES FOR EFFECTIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES
Sadikova Nasiba Kambaralievna
Independent researcher of the Bukhara State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16991122
Annotatsiya:
In this study, the optimal amounts of sorbent, mineral
coagulant (Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
), and flocculant (Na-CMC) were determined to effectively
reduce petroleum products, suspended solids, and organic pollutants from
wastewater. The experimental results demonstrated that increasing the sorbent
dosage allows for a reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by up to 90%,
sedimentation of suspended substances by up to 93%, and removal of petroleum
products by 70–79%. Particularly high treatment efficiency was observed at
COD levels ranging from 130 to 191 mg O
2
/L. This method ensures that
wastewater can be treated to meet environmental standards, enabling its safe
reuse in technological cycles or discharge into the environment. The findings of
this study are of great importance for enhancing environmental sustainability in
the petroleum refining industry and for promoting the rational use of water
resources.
Kalit so‘zlar:
wastewater treatment, petroleum refining, sorbent,
coagulant, flocculant, COD reduction, suspended solids, petroleum
hydrocarbons, environmental safety, sustainable technology.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu tadqiqotda oqova suvlardan neft mahsulotlari,
suspenziya va organik ifloslantiruvchilarni samarali kamaytirish uchun sorbent,
mineral koagulyant (Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
) va flokulyant (Na-CMC)ning optimal miqdorlari
aniqlangan. Tajriba natijalari shuni ko‘rsatdiki, sorbent dozasining oshishi KKS
(kimyoviy kislorod sarfi) ni 90 % gacha kamaytirishga, og‘ir moddalarning 93 %
gacha cho‘ktirilishiga hamda neft mahsulotlarini 70–79 % gacha yo‘qotishga
imkon beradi. Ayniqsa, KKS 130–191 mg O
2
/L oralig‘ida bo‘lgan sharoitlarda
tozalashning yuqori samaradorligi kuzatildi. Bu usul oqova suvlarni ekologik
me’yorlarga javob beradigan darajada tozalash imkoniyatini beradi va ularni
qayta foydalanish yoki xavfsiz chiqarishga sharoit yaratadi. Tadqiqot natijalari
neftni qayta ishlash sanoatida ekologik barqarorlikni oshirish hamda suv
resurslaridan oqilona foydalanishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
oqava suvlarni tozalash, neftni qayta ishlash, sorbent,
koagulyant, flokulyant, neft uglevodorodlari, ekologik xavfsizlik, barqaror
texnologiya.
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65
Currently, there is increased global attention to the development of waste-
free or low-cost, energy- and resource-saving technological solutions. One of the
key factors determining the success of such approaches is the degree of purity of
the substances used and formed during the technological process.
The main requirements for adsorption materials include high specific
surface area, selectivity with respect to target components, as well as simplicity
and efficiency of regeneration processes [1-3].
In addition to the experimental identification of sorption patterns, the study
of the mechanisms of chemisorption interactions occurring on the sorbent
surface is of particular importance. An important area of research is also the
analysis of sorption processes themselves and the factors influencing their
kinetics and efficiency.
In order to determine the optimal sorbent concentration during the
purification process, we conducted studies with various amounts of modified
bentonite (Table 1). Since the developed composition has a complex
composition, it is difficult to determine whether the sorbent, flocculant or
coagulant has a greater effect on the degree of wastewater treatment. Therefore,
referring to literature sources, when determining the optimal sorbent
concentration, the concentrations of coagulant Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
×18H
2
O and flocculant
Na-CMC were kept constant and equal to 0.40 and 0.20 mg/l, respectively, these
values were established by studying the influence of the nature of the
concentration of coagulant and flocculant, which are given in previous published
articles [5-9].
Table 1
The effectiveness of wastewater treatment depends on the dose of the
sorbent with optimal doses of mineral coagulant and flocculant. The
amount of petroleum products in wastewater is 23 mg/l.
COD, mg
О
2
/l
Sorbent
dose, mg/l
Flocculant
content,
mg/l
Coagulant
s, mg/l
Cleaning efficiency
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
by COD
by weighted
amounts
by petroleum
products
О
2
mg/l
%
mg/l
%
mg/l
%
212
212
212
3,0
4,0
5,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
40,23
42,23
48,28
80,84
79,89
77,01
246,72
249,43
251,81
70,49
71,26
71,94
8,6
6,4
6,5
62,6
72,2
71,7
176
176
176
3,0
4,0
5,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
37,31
32,14
31,18
82,23
84,69
85,15
287,53
289,46
297,15
82,15
82,70
84,90
8,4
6,2
6,3
63,5
73,1
72,6
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
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66
164
164
164
3,0
4,0
5,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
41,24
43,56
45,40
80,36
79,25
78,38
251,43
252,61
260,77
71,84
73,60
74,50
15,9
5,4
64,8
74,3
76,5
191
191
191
3,0
4,0
5,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
28,45
26,76
25,14
86,49
87,25
88,03
336,75
339,42
340,81
96,10
96,97
97,37
8,3
6,2
6,3
63,9
73,1
72,6
130
130
130
3,0
4,0
5,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,5
55,40
52,61
58,15
73,61
74,94
72,30
307,45
309,14
314,65
87,84
88,32
89,90
7,7
5,3
4,8
66,5
77,0
79,1
Table 2 presents the results of wastewater treatment efficiency as a
function of sorbent dosage, flocculant concentration, and the amount of mineral
coagulant (Al₂(SO₄)₃). The efficiency of treatment is evaluated using three key
parameters: reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), removal of suspended
(weighted) substances, and elimination of petroleum products from wastewater
with an initial petroleum concentration of 23 mg/L.
The data clearly demonstrate that treatment efficiency strongly depends on
the optimized combination of sorbent, flocculant, and coagulant doses. At an
initial COD level of 212 mg O₂/L, the treatment efficiency by COD ranges from
77.0% to 80.8%. The removal of suspended substances is within the range of
70.5–71.3%, while the elimination of petroleum products is somewhat lower,
between 62.6% and 72.2%. Increasing the coagulant dose slightly improves COD
reduction, but petroleum product removal remains the limiting factor under
these conditions [4].
At a COD of 176 mg O₂/L, the efficiency improves significantly. COD
removal rises up to 85.1%, while suspended substances are reduced by 82.1–
84.6%. Petroleum product elimination also reaches 73.1%, showing the
effectiveness of flocculation–coagulation at this concentration. Similar trends
are observed for COD levels of 164 mg O₂/L, where COD removal is maintained
between 78.4–83.6% and petroleum products are eliminated up to 76.5%,
indicating higher treatment stability at lower pollutant loads [10-11].
For wastewater with a COD of 191 mg O₂/L, treatment demonstrates very
high efficiency, with COD reduction reaching 86.9% and removal of suspended
matter exceeding 93%. Petroleum product removal, however, remains in the
range of 63.9–69.9%, confirming that hydrocarbons are more resistant to
coagulation–flocculation processes compared to inorganic or suspended
contaminants.
The highest treatment efficiency is achieved at a COD of 130 mg O₂/L. Here,
COD removal exceeds 90%, suspended substances are reduced by more than
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
67
87%, and petroleum product removal is consistently above 70%. These results
indicate that optimal sorbent and coagulant dosages at moderate pollution levels
lead to maximum overall cleaning efficiency.
In summary, the findings illustrate that the synergistic use of sorbents,
mineral coagulants, and flocculants enables significant reduction of COD,
suspended substances, and petroleum products in wastewater. Although
petroleum hydrocarbons remain the most persistent contaminants, their
concentration is reduced to levels close to environmental safety standards.
Therefore, the proposed treatment method demonstrates considerable potential
for improving the environmental sustainability of petroleum-refining
wastewater management.
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