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GENDER EXPRESSION OF ZOONYMS IN UZBEK, RUSSIA AND
ENGLISH LANGUAGES: LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS
Mamatkhonova Gulmirabonu Kamoliddin kizi
Masterdegree. Philology - Linguistics (English)
at FERGANA STATE UNIVERSITY
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13922913
Аннотация
. Это статья про культуру, как и язык, есть
взаимодополняющие друг друга части. Язык представляет собой
компонент культуры, это важнейший компонент в ее формировании и
хранении. Языковые единицы, и особенно единицы лексико-
фразеологического языкового уровня, являются «зеркалом народной
культуры», семантические и структурные словарные связи отображают
актуальные и важные для человека связи между объектами и предметами
окружающей действительности, ее идеальными и реальными субъектами
и, таким образом, передают особенности национальной культуры.
Annotation.
This article is about culture, like language, is a
complementary part. Language is a component of culture, it is the most
important component in its formation and storage. Language units, and
especially units of the lexical-phraseological language level, are a "mirror of folk
culture", semantic and structural dictionary connections reflect the actual and
important connections for a person between objects and subjects of the
surrounding reality, its ideal and real subjects and, thus, convey the features of
the national culture.
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqola madaniyat haqida, xuddi til kabi, to'ldiruvchi
qismdir. Til madaniyatning tarkibiy qismi, uni shakllantirish va saqlashda eng
muhim tarkibiy qismdir. Til birliklari, ayniqsa, leksik-frazeologik til darajasining
birliklari “xalq madaniyati ko‘zgusi” bo‘lib, semantik va strukturaviy lug‘at
aloqalari inson uchun atrofdagi voqelikning predmetlari va sub’ektlari
o‘rtasidagi dolzarb va muhim aloqalarni, uning ideal va realligini aks ettiradi.
sub'ektlari va shunday qilib, milliy madaniyatning xususiyatlarini etkazish.
Ключевые слова.
Фразеологизм, художественный образ, языковые
единицы, стилистический прием, образ
Keywords.
Phraseologism, artistic image, linguistic units, stylistic device,
image.
Kalit so'zlar.
Frazeologizm, badiiy obraz, lingvistik birliklar, stilistik
vosita, obraz
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The article considers one of the main methods of cognition of objects of
the reality around us, their characteristics, creation of artistic images and
generation of new concepts. Phraseologism has long been the object of active
scientific research in the field of humanitarian disciplines. Despite the fact that
during this period enough information about phraseology and its function in
language and speech was collected, at the end of the 20th century the study of
phraseology moved to a new level: scientists revised the basic concepts of the
correspondence of thinking and language, linguistic reflection of reality. Modern
theory considers phraseological representation not only as a specific semantic
object in vocabulary, but also as a unit of language reflecting the results of
special mechanisms of mirroring extra-linguistic reality. and as a unit of
language reflecting the results of special mechanisms of mirroring extra-
linguistic reality.
The object of the article is Russian and English phraseological units with a
component - zoonym. In our research we proceed from a broad understanding
of the term "phraseology". The analyzed material includes individual
phraseological units and combinations, as well as established expressions that
express and convey observations about a person, about his worldview in an
allegorical form, which have differences in perception among Uzbeks, Russians
and foreigners. It is no secret that language actually plays an active role, it
reproduces a mental picture of the world, makes certain adjustments to it,
imposes its own shade on understanding. In consciousness, along with a certain
set of thoughts reflecting the general picture of the world, a picture of the world
in its linguistic understanding appears. It varies from language to language.
Therefore, the process of linguistic expression cannot be the same for all
languages.
Differences in the linguistic picture of the world, the absence of names of
certain things, traditions, phenomena and objects that are inherent in one nation
and have no analogues in other nationalities, lead to difficulties in linguistic
understanding. In linguistics, language and culture are closely related to each
other. And this fact does not cause any doubts in anyone. Each language is
closely connected with the culture that constitutes its substantive aspect.
Language instantly reflects the existing reality, and also records its past states
and transmits its basic values between people, between generations and
through history. Phraseologisms play a huge role in language throughout its
history.
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This science reflects the entire historical experience of a certain people, it
reflects the understanding of people of different eras about life in general, about
work and everyday life.
If we conduct a frequency analysis of the animalistic component in Russian and
English phraseological units, it is impossible not to notice the similar nature of
their use. The names of domestic animals coincide: dog (A dog in the manger. -
Dog in the manger. Barking dogs seldom bite The dog barks but does not bite.);
cat (A cat has nine lives. - The cat has nine lives. To live cat - and dog life. All cats
are grey in the dark.); horses / horses (Don’t swap horses when crossing a
stream). It is a good horse that never stumbles. A good horse is one that never
makes mistakes.); cow/bull (The bull must be taken by the horns. A curst cow
has short horns.); pigs (To cast pearls before swine.); sheep/lamb (As well be
hanged for a sheep as for a lamb. It makes no difference what you are hanged
for, a lamb or a sheep.). The names of forest and wild animals are also repeated:
hare (If you run after two hares, you will catch none.); fox (The fox is not taken
twice in the same snare.); wolf (The wolf may change his coat but not his
disposition. No matter how much you feed a wolf, he still looks into the forest).
However, it can be noted that in Uzbek speech the most frequently used
domestic animals are the goat (Pusti kozla v ogorod), as well as animals that
lived near the places of settlement of the ancient Slavs (for example, a bear).
Exclusively in English, animalisms include the words leopard (The leopard can
not change his spots. The leopard cannot change his spots) and lion (Great. lion.
A popular person. To bear the lion in his den. To attack a lion in his own den).
The phraseological stock of each people reflects in its numerous images the
history, material and spiritual culture of a certain nation. Phraseologisms with a
zoonym component tell about the animal world, which has been present in our
lives since ancient times. The main source of the formation of animalistic
phraseology is the metaphor "To zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse".
The veiled comparison embedded in the essence of the metaphor highlighted the
distinctive features of national life, characteristic character traits, living and
working conditions of a particular ethnic group. It can be concluded that each
language has its own unique way of perceiving the world, each language creates
its own picture of perceiving the world. Understanding this uniqueness becomes
clearer on the basis of a comparative analysis with another such system.
Designation of national and cultural phraseological differences of different
countries and peoples, orientation in the phraseology of a certain people allows
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us not only to increase our vocabulary, but also to penetrate the culture of these
countries.
Literature:
1. Akhmanova, O.S. Dictionary of linguistic terms - M.: KomKniga, 2007. - 576 p.
2. Bulygina, T.V. Hidden categories - Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary - V.: ELS,
1990. - 341 p.
3. Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary / ed. V. N. Yartseva. – M.: Soviet
Encyclopedia, 1990. – 682 p.
