INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
43
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUE OF THINKING IN THE WORKS
OF EASTERN THINKERS
Olimova Fotima Botirovna
Institute for the Study of Youth Problems
and Training of Prospective Personnel
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15087481
In the works of Eastern scholars, issues of personality formation, education,
and upbringing are widely studied. At the same time, his thoughts on the
problem of creative thinking, creativity, and intellectual abilities in the
individual are put forward. In particular, we can include such encyclopedic
scholars as Abu Rayhan Beruni, Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Abu Ali ibn Sina,
Omar Khayyam, Alisher Navoi, Davani, and others.
In his works, Abu Nasr Farabi put forward the following thoughts on
creative thinking and personal creativity. It is impossible to deny the existence
in the world of phenomena whose causes are very distant and therefore
unexplored. People perceive such phenomena as unknown, but possible events
that have already occurred. When sunlight also reaches the surface of the earth,
a lot of steam rises, clouds form and rain falls, living organisms decompose,
some die.
According to Al-Farabi, the brain controls a person's mental capacity for
cognition, the heart is the center that supplies blood necessary for the life of all
organs, and all mental "energies," including the capacity for cognition, depend
on a specific organ.
In his treatise "The Virtues of Science and Art," Al-Farabi emphasizes the
infinity of knowledge of nature, the growing and deepening of knowledge from
ignorance to knowledge, from knowing the cause to knowing the consequences,
from qualities and accidents to the essence of substance.
Speaking about the intelligent person, Al-Farabi said: "The word 'intelligent'
refers to those who are devoted to useful work, possess their own talent for
discovering and inventing necessary things, and avoid false deeds. Those who
possess zuhn idjraq to invent false deeds cannot be considered intelligent; they
should be called cunning, deceitful"[1].
Abu Rayhan Biruni considers the world as objective reality, a being existing
independently of human will. Al-Biruni imagines a person's consciousness,
thought, and psyche derived from a material div.
Al-Biruni emphasized that in the cognition of the external world, man relies
mainly on reason, mainly on reason, and therefore is superior to all living beings.
According to the scholar, reason helps to comprehend all phenomena [5].
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
44
By being in accordance with reason, a person acquires knowledge about the
essence of the universe, but knowledge is limitless, and it is impossible to
quickly acquire all knowledge. Therefore, a person should not be content with
what they have learned, but should always strive to acquire new knowledge.
According to Al-Farabi, a person possesses the talents of knowledge,
understanding, thinking, reasoning, and inventing.
The scholar pays great attention to education. There is no suggestion that
the unique abilities that shine in children may fade with age. But capable,
talented people, having the necessary conditions for the realization of these
qualities, that is, abilities, must work hard. Only then will that talent continue to
develop.
Otherwise, the ability may fade. This issue is still debatable today. Because
in terms of ability, they may not surpass their peers. It should be emphasized
that for the transition of innate ability to ability, arduous work is required,
sufficient conditions must be created, and especially a creative approach to
science and knowledge is necessary.
Yusuf Khass Hajib compares knowledge to a peerless jewel. It helps a
person reach great heights and gain knowledge of the secrets of the world. He
emphasizes that what a person has achieved is achieved through knowledge.
Knowledge is wealth, but no one can steal this wealth, and the thinker describes
knowledge and intelligence as a sacred friend, caring relative, clothing and food.
Yusuf Khass Hajib, in his work "Kutadgu Bilig," continues his thought, not
only demonstrating the importance of knowledge and enlightenment, but also
highlighting the role of knowledge and wisdom in practice. The scholar
describes knowledge as great, and learning as great [7].
Kaykovus, while extolling the importance of knowledge and intellect, places
it above worldly possessions: "If we are poor due to lack of wealth, strive to be
rich with intellect, for it is better to be rich with intellect than to be rich with
wealth again, for wealth can be accumulated with intellect, but it cannot be
learned with wealth. Know that intellect is wealth that thieves cannot take, it
does not burn in fire, it does not flow in water" - thus concluding that human
etiquette is also a sign of intellect [3].
According to Omar Khayyam, behavior arises through habit formation with
both hands and in the process of thinking. "The goal of the educator,"
emphasizes Omar Khayyam, "should be to form a person with sound thinking, a
sharp mind, and a keen intellect." The scholar noted that only a strong mind can
achieve inspiration that can satisfy a perfect heart, and with its help, achieve the
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
45
bliss of higher intellect. However, this alone is not enough; a person must
possess high morals and love their loved ones [6].
If we pay attention to the thinker's opinion, the basis of creativity and
creative thinking is knowledge, strong intellect, and observation. Also, with the
phrase "achieving inspiration that my perfect heart can satisfy," he describes
creativity as a high quality of every person. In his work "Gulistan," Muslihiddin
Saadi advises about knowledge and its importance, respecting wise and
intelligent people, the benefits of learning, and encourages devotion to
knowledge. He also emphasizes that knowledge is spent on beneficial work.
According to the scholar, two categories of people work in vain and act in
vain: the first is a person who does not accumulate wealth and use it, and the
second is a person who does not acquire knowledge and act upon it.
Continuing this thought, he compares a scholar who does not practice
knowledge to a blind man holding a torch, and in another place, to a farmer who
plows the land and does not sow seeds.
The scholar prefers debate in the world of science: "Three things are not
eternal," says Saadi, "without the sale of wealth, without knowledge, and without
state policy." However, the scholar emphasizes that if one tries to present
themselves as knowledgeable in a debate and argues with someone wiser than
themselves, they demonstrate their lack of culture.
"In turn, a scholar who disputes with an ignorant person should not hope
for honor. If an ignorant person prevails over a scholar in debate, because a
stone always breaks a pearl" - concludes Saadi [4].
In Alisher Navoi's vision, the highest qualities inherent in a perfect person
include creativity, ability, and love for science. According to Navoi, a wise person
with intellectual abilities believes in their own strength and intelligence.
Therefore, Navoi describes it as a lamp illuminating the importance of science, a
sun illuminating the path of life, a factor revealing the true image of people. He
describes this idea in his work "Nazmul Javohir" as follows: "That is, a
knowledgeable and wise person overcomes any difficulties to achieve their goal,
whoever makes knowledge their support will never stumble, will not be
humiliated, and the task of knowledge is to serve human happiness.
Navoi especially deeply analyzes the quality of wisdom. According to him,
to cultivate one's intellectual abilities, intellectual talent, and creative potential,
a person should adhere to the following [4].
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
46
Firstly, intelligence, sharpness of mind. Cleverness is observed when a
person can quickly solve certain problems and achieve the results they expect
and desire. Acceptance of this skill requires experience and mobility.
Secondly, comprehension, which is a person's ability to quickly focus all
their attention on an important and necessary issue without dwelling too much
on unnecessary and secondary issues. In other words, it is the ability to choose
the most important among complex and intricate problems.
Third, enlightenment. This is the ability to solve a problem easily, without
any difficulty.
The fourth is the ability to quickly acquire knowledge. A person should be
able to focus all their attention on the issue and master it without any
contradictions.
The fifth is a deep understanding of the issue. A clear approach to each
problem is the ability to take a certain position in its solution.
The sixth is the ability to memorize, which is the ability to remember
human actions, imagination, and feelings.
Seventh, memory. It is the ability to recall, if necessary, previously
memorized and felt things.
Davani emphasizes that a knowledgeable person should strive to develop
their intellectual abilities and creative potential [2].
From the above, it can be seen that in the works of Eastern scholars, the
acquisition of knowledge as the basis of creative thinking is determined by the
formation of thoughts, scientific worldview, and thinking operations. For the
formation of creative abilities in an individual, it is necessary to develop interest,
aspiration, and development in relation to knowledge, that is, to teach and
support a value-based approach to knowledge.
References:
1. Абу Наср Форобий. Фазилат, бахт-саодат ва камолот ҳақида муқаддима,
таржима ва изоҳлар муаллифи: М.Қодиров: маъсул муҳаррир: А.Жалолов. –
Т.: Ёзувчи, 2001. – 64 б.
2. Алиқулов Ҳ., Омонбоева Р. Жомий ва Давоний таълим-тарбия ҳақида. –
Тошкент: Ўзбекистон, 1981. – 60 б.
3. Кайковус. Қобуснома. – Т.: Ўқитувчи, 2006. – 205 б.
4. Педагогика тарихи: (Педагогика олий ўқув юртлари ва дорилфунунлар
талабалари учун ўқув қўлланма)/ К.Ҳошимов, С.Нишонова, М.Иномова ва
бошқ. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1996. – 48 б.
5. Тўрақулов Э., Рахимов С. Абу Райхон Беруний руҳият ва таълим-тарбия
ҳақида. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1992. – 78 б.
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
47
6. Умар Ҳайём. Наврўзнома. – Тошкент: Меҳнат, 1990. – 78 б.
7. Юсуф Хос Хожиб. Қутадғу билиг (Саодатга йўлловчи билим). Нашрга
тайёрловчи Қаюм Каримов. – Т.: Фан нашриёти, 1971. – 57 б.
