Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
8
SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS USED FOR EXPRESSING GENDER STEREOTYPES IN SOCIETY
Abduqodirova Latofat Abdumalikovna graduate student of
Uzbek State World Languages University scientific advisor:
Ass. prof. Saidova M.S.
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the topic semantic and structural features of
phraseological units used for expressing gender stereotypes in society which provides
information gender marked idioms, the role of gender and the classification of gender
stereotypes.
Аннотация:
Данная статья посвящена теме семантические и структурные
особенности фразеологизмов, используемых для выражения гендерных
стереотипов в обществе, что дает информацию о гендерно маркированных
идиомах, роли гендера и классификации гендерных стереотипов.
Keywords:
gender, phraseology, phraseological units, gender equality
Nowadays the term phraseology plays a vital role in many spheres since it
conveys deep interpretations in one sentence. Also, it assists us more clearly imagine
the way of thinking and the system of evaluations of a person of a remote era: after all,
if a stable phrase has developed, therefore, certain meaningful correlations are firmly
fixed in the mind. Moreover, the study of phraseological units allows you to penetrate
deeper into the content of the word, to avoid erroneous interpretation.
The main thing of studying this topic is the gender-marked idioms. Idioms are
the basic components of the structure of which are lexemes denoting a male or female
person and their contextual uses, selected by continuous sampling from the English-
Russian phraseological dictionary A.V. Kunin and six dictionaries of British and
American idioms, namely: Penguin Dictionary of English Idioms, Cambridge
International Dictionary of Idioms, Longman Idioms Dictionary, American.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
9
Gender stereotypes are closely related to existing gender roles in a given society
and serve to maintain and reproduce them. In particular, gender stereotypes contribute
to the maintenance of gender inequality. The content and degree of expression of gender
stereotypes varies in different cultures and in different historical periods, although there
are some cross-cultural similarities. Scientific studies of gender differences show that
gender stereotypes are generally untru, but their stability is ensured, in particular, by
cognitive distortions that allow people to selectively perceive and interpret information
coming from the outside world.
According to the theory of social roles, gender stereotypes arise as a result of the
existence of gender roles - social expectations that prescribe certain behavior to a person
depending on his gender. In other words, by observing how representatives of different
genders do different things, people conclude that they are fundamentally different from
each other. At the same time, gender stereotypes serve as a mechanism for maintaining
gender roles: beliefs about the unique qualities and distinctive features of a particular
gender are used to justify the need to behave in accordance with the corresponding
gender role.
Phraseology is approved as the basis for the formation worldview, behavioral and
general cultural attitudes of a person, and a tool for stereotyping these attitudes.
In linguistics, the concepts of gender, gender stereotype are an object of
interdisciplinary knowledge, the study of which requires an integrative approach,
including general methodological, general scientific and private scientific grounds.
These concepts are included in one of the basic characteristics of personal ties that
determine the psychological and social development of human. The stereotype as a
research tool in linguistics allows interpret linguistic phenomena, establish parallels
between them, compare and find general and particular patterns, complements / refutes
our knowledge about objects or situations on the material of language data.
[Vilinbakhova, 2012]
The theoretical basis of the study is the interpretive model of the meaning of the
idiom and the cognitive-procedural description of the “idiom in action” by V.N. Telia.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
10
Paremias serve as an important source of interpretation according to V.N. Teliya, the
majority proverbs - these are prescription stereotypes national self-consciousness,
giving a fairly wide scope for choice for the purpose of self-identification " [Telia,
1996]. Although not all proverbs and phraseological units contain gender categories,
however, among those who appeal to the concepts "male" and "female", you can set
dominant trends and assessments. Phraseological fund, according to researchers (V. N.
Teliya, Yu. P. Solodub, D. O. Dobrovolsky), displays and fixes in national language,
cultural stereotypes or other people, as well as through the reproduction basic patterns
of a certain language picture of the world expresses in general the mentality of the
linguo- cultural community. However, cultural significance images displayed in
phraseology (for example male/female opposition), most fully will be revealed "only
when matching this very figurative content, manifested in the "literal" reading of
phraseological units, with categories, concepts, mythologems, stereotypes and
standards of national culture, and its interpretation in this space material, social or
spiritual culture”. In addition, phraseological units fixed in the linguistic picture of the
world, are also the source (or "database"), in which the human consciousness draws
those images, on which it can rely the formation of one's own image of realities [Telia,
1996].
Basic research on the impact of gender on linguistic picture of the human world
are the works of R. Lakoff, D. Tannen, G. E. Kreidlin, A. V. Kirilina, Gritsenko E. S.,
Goroshko E. I. As you study gender issue and expanding this issues in various areas of
the humanitarian knowledge, new, little-studied aspects have arisen, deserving more
detailed study.
A. V. Kunin's definition of phraseological equivalents and analogues is of great
value. We agree with the author, that a Russian phraseological unit is thought to be
equivalent when it coincides with the English unit in meaning, on a figurative basis and
stylistic coloring. ‘The equivalent is a monoequivalent, i.e. the only possible translation
by means of the phraseological unit’ [Kunin, 1967].
There are variety modes of gender which focuses on the living and nonliving objectives.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
11
-
The first type of the gender called Masculine gender. Masculine gender is defined
as a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) to males or to objects
classified as male. Another definition of this type is a set of attributes, behaviors,
and roles associated with men and boys. For an examples, the words such king,
man, boy, father, cock, bull, fox, etc.
-
The next type is a feminine gender. It is used to denote the female subtype.
Examples may include queen, woman, girl, mother, hen, cow, vixen, etc.
-
The third type is a neuter gender. It is used to denote nonliving and lifeless things.
Neuter means neither, which is neither male nor female. For instance, table, hair,
city, etc.
-
The fourth type is a common gender. It denotes either a male or female sex. For
example, teacher, student, cousin, parent, etc.
1
Gender roles in society refer to how we're supposed to act, speak, dress, groom, and
behave based on our sex. Girls and women, for example, are expected to dress in
traditionally feminine styles and to be courteous, accommodating, and caring. Men are
typically seen to be powerful, aggressive, and courageous.
Each society, ethnic bunch, and culture has gender part desires, but they can be
exceptionally diverse from gather to gather. They can too alter within the same society
over time. For case, pink utilized to be considered a manly color within the U.S. whereas
blue was considered ladylike.
2
All in all, gender stereotypes have become a significant issue in many spheres, such
as media, education, and so on. The study of phraseological units as an integral part of
the linguistic picture world of the individual allows you to discover that the foundation
on which the worldview is based person, his value orientations and priorities, and at the
same time stereotypes rooted in consciousness of the individual. Analysis of
phraseological units is a rich material for understanding the essence of gender
1
https://www.medicinenet.com/what_are_the_4_genders/article.htm
2
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gender-identity/what-are-gender-roles-and-
stereotypes#:~:text=What%20are%20gender%20roles%3F,polite%2C%20accommodating%2C%20and%20nurturing.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
12
stereotypes, i.e. behavioral, social, psycho-emotional norms and roles prescribed for
each gender within a particular society. Wherein main means of expression and scope
the impact of the gender stereotype advocates the language by which the picture is
formed the reality of the individual.
References
1.
Telia V. N. Russian phraseology / V. N. Telia. - M .: School "Languages of
Russian Culture", 1996.
2.
Vilinbakhova E. L. Stereotype in linguistics: object or tool research? // Collection
of scientific articles based on the materials of the First Conference of the school
"Problems of language: the view of young scientists" - M., 2012. - S. 19-28.
3.
https://www.medicinenet.com/what are the 4 genders/article.htm
4.
https://www.plannedparenthood.
org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gender-
identity/what-are-gender-roles-and-
stereotypes#:~:text=What%20are%20gender%20roles%3F,polite%2C%20acco
mmodating%2C%20and%20nurturing.
5.
Dalieva, Madina Khabibullaevna. "Research on vocabulary growth and
development." NovaInfo. Ru 124 (2021): 47-48.
6.
Dalieva, Madina Khabibullaevna. "Teaching speaking through interactive
activities." NovaInfo. Ru 124 (2021): 41-42.
7.
Khabibullaevna, Dalieva Madina. "CONCEPT AS THE BASIS OF THE
LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD." British View 8.9 (2023).
