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NEOLOGISMS AS A LINGUISTIC PHENOMENON AND THEIR
INTERPRETATION IN MODERN LINGUISTICS
Temirova Nigora Alimqul qizi graduate student of Uzbek State
World Languages University scientific advisor: Dalieva M.Kh.
Abstract:
The article deals with current problems of neology. It is the lexical system of
the language, being the most flexible and mobile, that is constantly changing along with
the development of the language community, enriching itself with new lexical units and
reflecting current social trends. New words that have appeared in the language in the last
few years have become the object of study of this article. Particularly, different points
of view of domestic linguists on the main object of this science - neologism and the
criteria for its selection as a unit are presented.
Key words:
neologism, language development, linguistic changes, spheres of
functioning
New words -
neologisms
- come from every domain and aspect of life, and here
relies the importance of tracking them. Language and academic institutions, scholars,
translators, terminologists are constantly keeping up with them, and it is not difficult
to find good resources plenty of useful information and new words. The About Words
blog is a very good resource that collects words and expressions which have just started
to be used among English speakers and may be added to the Cambridge English
Dictionary. Another helpful source are the recent updates to the Oxford English
Dictionary, which are updated four times a year and include entries coming from many
different backgrounds. But what draws the attention is the increasing number of
colloquial, humorous or Internet words that are being added. As an example of these
latter, some new OED entries are LOL (Laughing out Loud),
YOLO (‘You Only Live
Once"),
Ha-Ha-Ha and
selfie,
among a never-ending list.
In the scientific community, where English is the predominant language for
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published research and studies, like-sounding translations (referred to as 'naturalization')
are sometimes used [Linder, 2016]. Alternatively, the English word is used along with a
brief explanation of meaning. The four translation methods are emphasized in order to
translate neologisms: transliteration and transcription, the use of analogues, calque and
loan translation.
3
When translating from English to other languages, the naturalization method is
most often used. The most common way that professional translators translate
neologisms is through the Think aloud protocol (TAP), wherein translators find the most
appropriate and natural sounding new word through speech. This way, translators are
able to use potential translated neologisms in sentences and test them with different
structures and syntax. Correct translations from English for specific purposes into other
languages is crucial in various industries and legal systems [Liu, 2014]. Inaccurate
translations can lead to ‘translation asymmetry’ or conceptual misunderstandings which
can lead to miscommunication Many technical glossaries of English translations exist to
combat this issue in the medical, judicial, and technological fields.
During the analysis of lexical neologisms within the communicative and pragmatic
approach, we assume also the consideration of the typology of pragmatic parameters
(rules) of language differentiation. Under the pragmatic rules we have in mind the
following parameters: 1) the type of discourse; 2) the type of communicative act; 3)
communicative orientation of discourse; 4) the social status of the communicants [Rey,
1995].
Language neologisms development is determined, in our opinion, by the
absence of the addressants of such units in the lexicon. Accordingly, language
neologisms in journalistic discourse are created as a manifestation of a certain
communicative intention, and not as a unit, intentionally created to supplement the
vocabulary of the language [Pimakhina, 1991]. The study of the communicative intential
meaning of lexical units as a result of reflection of the essence of communicative action
3
"The Translation of English Neologisms". Terminology Coordination Unit [DGTRAD]. European Parliament. 22 June
2015.
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with substantiality and structural properties of lexical units and seems to be the subject
of study of language neologisms of lexical units in communicative- pragmatic aspect
[Pimakhina, 1992].
The emergence of neologisms is determined, especially in the initial period of their
existence, by the sphere of their usage, the emergence of trends such as the language
preservation trends and development trends. The study of reviewed scientific directions
for neology has revealed a large number of different interpretations and classifications
of new vocabulary of modern English language V.I. Zabotkina [1989] and others. In the
aspect of the classification parameters of the new vocabulary of the English language it
seems to us that the most effective classification is by proposed by V.I. Zabotkina, in
which: 1) the actual neologisms (form novelty combined with the content novelty; 2)
transnomination (form novelty of the word is combined with the meaning that was
passed earlier by another form); 3) semantic neologisms (reframe) the new meaning is
indicated by a form that already exists in the.
This classification of language neologisms is determined, in our opinion, by
their pragmatic potential. This theoretical understanding of neologisms, understanding
of the causes and regularities of their functioning in the language, the definition of their
status and pragmatic validity in each period of language development allows, of course,
to solve the practical problems facing us in the classification and systematization aspects
of lexical units.
The English language, as well as other languages, is in constant change and
dynamics. Lexicon as the movable layer of language is the most sensitive to changes in
the social, cultural and other spheres of the life of the speaker, because it is the word that
is “mirror of life”. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in modern linguistics to
the different aspects of word-formation due to the fact that the word is the central unit
of the language. Intrinsic properties of the word as a lexical unit are mixed with the
properties of other elements of the language. This interaction is the basis of operation of
the language system as a whole. In modern semantic studies of newly appeared words
more often there is a tendency to go beyond the word as a unit of the language system,
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which is caused by the desire to understand how derivative words function in speech and
accordingly to understand better the mechanism of formation of the new semantics of
the word.
References:
1.
Linder, Daniel (2016). "Non-native scientists, research dissemination and English
neologisms: What happens in the early stages of reception and re-production?". Iberica.
32: 35-58.
2.
“The Translation of English Neologisms”. Terminology Coordination Unit
[DGTRAD]. European Parliament. 22 June 2015.
3.
Liu, Hui (2014). "A Probe Into Translation Strategies of Tech English Neologism
in Petroleum Engineering Field". Studies in Literature and Language.
9
(1): 33-37.
4.
Rey, A. The Concept of Neologism and the Evaluation of Terminologies in
Individual Languages / A. Rey. - John Benjamins Press, 1995. - 124 p.
5.
Pimakhina T.A. Semantic characteristics of modern English neologisms//
Systemic relations in lexicology and grammar of Germanic languages: book of articles/
Samar. gos. un-t. - Samara, 1991. - p. 24-31
6.
Pimakhina T.A. Linguastylistic characteristics of modern English neologisms//
Functional aspect of language units: book of abstracts/ Samar. gos. un-t. - Samara, 1992.
- p. 105-113
7.
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Высшая школа, 1989 - р. 4
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Dalieva, Madina Khabibullaevna. "Communicative approach in teaching
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Dalieva, Madina, and VALIYEVA NARGIZAXON ZAMIR QIZI.
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Text." Internatuonal Journal on Integrated Education (2021).
10.
Dalieva, Madina. "THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL
FACTORS ON THE TERM CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND
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LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD." Open Access Repository 9.11 (2023): 11-
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