ILMIY TADQIQOTLAR VA ULARNING YECHIMLARI JURNALI
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 01, IYUL 2025
WORLDLY KNOWLEDGE NASHRIYOTI
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IMPORTANCE OF ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS IN INDUSTRY
Khamidov Sobir Khodievich
Markabayeva Dilnoza Mukhamad kizi
Jizzakh polytechnic institute
Abstract:
The article describes the process of electrolysis, its application in industry, the processes
of forming a protective coating on the surface of metals.
Аннотация:
в статье описан процесс электролиза, его применение в промышленности,
процессы формирования защитного покрытия на поверхности металлов.
Keywords:
electrod, anod, cathod, electric current, galvanotechnics, photoelectrochemical cell
Ключевые слова:
электрод, анод, катод, электрический ток, гальванотехника,
фотоэлектрохимическая ячейка
When an electric current passes through an electrolyte solution or solution, dissolved substances or
other substances at the electrodes are produced as secondary reactions at the electrodes. This
physical-chemical process is called electrolysis. The essence of electrolysis is that the ions in the
electrolyte liquid move in an orderly manner in the electric field created by the electrodes. The
negative electrode is the cathode, and the positive electrode is the anode. Negative ions called
anions (hydroxyl group ions and anions of acid residues) move to the anode, and positive ions,
cations (hydrogen, metals, ammonium, etc.) move to the cathode. An oxidation-reduction process
takes place at the electrodes: the electrochemical reduction of particles (atoms, molecules, cations)
occurs at the cathode, and the electrochemical oxidation of particles (atoms, molecules, anions)
occurs at the anode.
Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of the electrolysis process
Dissociation reactions in electrolyte solutions or liquids are called primary reactions, and reactions
occurring directly at the electrodes are called secondary reactions. Separation of electrolysis
reactions into primary and secondary reactions helped Michael Faraday create the laws of
electrolysis. Faraday's first law of electrolysis: during electrolysis, the mass of the substance
released to the electrode is directly proportional to the amount of electricity supplied to this
electrode. Electric quantity refers to electric charge, usually measured in coulombs. Faraday's
second law of electrolysis: the mass of a chemical compound formed under the influence of a certain
amount of electric current (electric charge) given to an electrode is directly proportional to its
equivalent mass.
Formation of a protective coating is the process of formation of metal coatings on their surface when
a direct electric current passes through solutions of metal and non-metal compounds, it is a field of
applied electrochemistry. Forming a protective coating is the joining of another metal to the metal
ILMIY TADQIQOTLAR VA ULARNING YECHIMLARI JURNALI
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 01, IYUL 2025
WORLDLY KNOWLEDGE NASHRIYOTI
worldlyjournals.com
surface, which serves as the cathode of the electrolyzer and is firmly attached (adhered) to the metal
(item) to be coated. Before coating the protective metal, it is necessary to clean the surface of the
product from oil and other parts, otherwise the metal will be placed unevenly, and in addition, the
adhesion (bonding) of the coating metal to the surface of the product will be of poor quality. Plating
can be used to cover an object (metal) with a thin layer of gold or silver, chromium or nickel. The
electrolysis process can be used to apply the best metal coatings to various metal surfaces. With this
coating method, the part is used as a cathode placed in a metal salt solution, from which the coating
should be removed. A plate made of the same metal is used as the anode. The process of obtaining
clear, easily removable metal replicas (busts, statues, etc.) of various non-metallic and metallic
objects of relatively large thickness by electrolysis, called electrotype matrices, is called
electroplating.
Electrolysis plays a crucial role in modern metal refining processes, particularly in the production of
high-purity copper, zinc, and aluminum, where impure metal anodes are dissolved and pure metal is
deposited at the cathode. Recent advancements in membrane electrolysis technology have
significantly improved the efficiency of chlor-alkali processes, enabling more sustainable
production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide while minimizing environmental impact. The
development of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers has revolutionized green hydrogen
production, offering higher efficiency and faster response times compared to traditional alkaline
electrolyzers. In the field of nanotechnology, electrolysis enables the precise deposition of ultrathin
metal layers for advanced electronic components and sensors.
Electrochemical machining, a specialized application of electrolysis, allows for extremely precise
shaping of hard metals in aerospace and medical device manufacturing. Recent research focuses on
photoelectrochemical cells that combine solar energy absorption with electrolysis for direct solar-to-
fuel conversion. The recycling of rare earth metals through electrolytic processes has gained
importance in sustainable resource management. In the food industry, electrochemical oxidation
through electrolysis is employed for water disinfection and preservation. Ongoing developments in
molten salt electrolysis promise more energy-efficient production of reactive metals like magnesium
and titanium. The integration of artificial intelligence with electrolysis systems enables real-time
optimization of process parameters, reducing energy consumption and improving product quality.
Electrodialysis, a membrane-based electrolysis technique, has become essential for desalination and
wastewater treatment in water-scarce regions. The medical field utilizes electrolysis for drug
delivery systems and the production of sterilized water for injections. Recent breakthroughs in CO₂
electrolysis aim to convert greenhouse gases into valuable hydrocarbons, potentially revolutionizing
carbon capture and utilization technologies.
The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries has spurred innovations in electrolytic lithium
extraction from brines and ores. Advanced electrolysis systems now incorporate catalytic electrodes
that significantly reduce overpotentials, making industrial processes more energy-efficient. The
development of flow electrolyzers has opened new possibilities for continuous chemical synthesis in
the pharmaceutical industry.
Electroplating is one of the branches of galvanotechnics, which is the formation of a relief object
from non-ferrous metal by deposition from a solution under the influence of electric current. It is
used to obtain metal copies of objects by electrolysis. Protective plating is used to apply thick metal
coatings to other metals (eg, to form a “patch” layer of nickel, silver, gold, etc.). In addition to the
above, electrolysis is also used in other areas: metals on thin oxide protective films (layers)
(anodization); electrochemical surface cleaning (polishing); water purification to remove soluble
impurities from it; industrial production of aluminum, fluorine, alkaline and alkaline earth metals,
etc. The result is soft water (according to its characteristics, it is close to distilled); Electrochemical
sharpening can be used to produce cutting tools (such as surgical knives, razors, etc.), chrome-plated,
nickel-plated utensils and articles.
In the chemical industry, electrolysis is used to obtain valuable chemical products such as hydrogen
and oxygen from water. Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis is used for thermal and cooling of
ILMIY TADQIQOTLAR VA ULARNING YECHIMLARI JURNALI
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 01, IYUL 2025
WORLDLY KNOWLEDGE NASHRIYOTI
worldlyjournals.com
generators in the energy industry. Chlorine and alkali are obtained by electrolysis from sodium
chloride solution and fluorine is obtained from solutions of its salts.
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