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BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NUTRITION OF WOMEN OF
REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Sayliyeva Zebiniso,
University of Information Technology and Management,
2
nd
level student of defectology
Abstract:
Today, the quality and structure of nutrition of different groups of the population is
changing, which has a negative impact on their intake of biologically valuable proteins, vitamins,
and a number of minerals. In particular, improper and insufficient nutrition is one of the reasons
why women of reproductive age get seriously ill before and after childbirth, and even die
prematurely. In particular, malnutrition is becoming one of the main factors of maternal and
child mortality (Black et al., 2013). Accordingly, it is important to study the actual diet of
women of reproductive age and develop measures to organize their healthy diet.
In the world, a number of scientific studies are being conducted to determine the nutritional
status of various population groups, including women of reproductive age, and to develop the
concept of healthy nutrition. In this regard, prevention and elimination of malnutrition,
identification of related conditions, substantiation of its medical and biological aspects, and
analysis from a physiological point of view occupy a special place.
Key words:
Reproductive, conception, medical-biological, macronutrient, biomolecule,
carbohydrates, metabolism, enzyme, mineral, vitamins.
Macronutrients provide the div with calories, as well as perform other functions. Food, which
is necessary for the proper functioning of the div and the preservation of life, is our main
source of energy.
Some nutrients, called macronutrients, should be consumed in higher amounts, 55% to 60%.
carbohydrates, 25 to 30% fat and 12% protein.
Nutrition plays an important role in keeping the reproductive system of women healthy.
Hormonal balance, fertility, and the general state of the div depend on the quality of the food
we eat. Therefore, in addition to protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals have their
place in the food. Food provides the div with essential nutrients that are involved in all systems,
including the reproductive system. The lack or excess of some components can disrupt the
hormonal balance, affect the regularity of the cycle and the ability to conceive. A diet during
menopause should include calcium to strengthen bones, as well as foods with plant estrogens,
such as soy, to reduce symptoms of hormonal changes.
They can be defined as follows: proteins build and restore the div, fats and carbohydrates are
fuel.
Digestion is the first step in obtaining energy from food. Remember that when we talk about
energy, we are talking about calories. In this context, it is important to note that the total amount
of energy intake is the result of the sum of all foods and liquids with caloric value that a person
consumes without exception during the day.
Proteins make up 20% of div weight and 50% of cell dry weight. Proteins are the basis of the
skin (membrane), nucleus, nucleoli, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and its organelles. The function of
proteins in the div is diverse, they form the basis of cell composition, that is, they participate in
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the formation of cells and tissues, participate in muscle contraction, form the basis of enzymes
and hormones. Proteins also play a protective role in the div. Proteins neutralize toxins and
remove them from the div. Blood coagulation, transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
nutrients through the blood also takes place with the participation of proteins. Blood-forming
elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes), intestinal epitheliocytes and their active parts,
carriers (transporters) that transfer nutrients from one environment to another (intestinal blood
and lymph), contractile elements in muscle cells (actin and myosin threads) also consist of
proteins. All nerve cells in the div, their long (axon) and short (dendrite) fibers, synaptic nodes
are also rich in proteins.
Proteins also take an active part in the process of excitation and inhibition related to the
hemispheres of the brain and its cortex. Proteins, like other nutrients (similar to fats and
carbohydrates), are not stored in the div in a reserve state, so it should be taken constantly with
food. In order to study the need for proteins, the protein balance in the div is compared, that is,
the ratio of proteins received with nutrients during the night and day and the substances formed
from their breakdown during this time. The conclusion about the protein balance is made by
measuring the nitrogen balance. If there is enough protein in the food, the amount of nitrogen
entering and leaving the div is equal to each other, and this is called nitrogen balance (balance).
The physiological need of protein for women of reproductive age ranges from 58 to 87 g per day.
During pregnancy, it is important to provide the div with the necessary amount of protein,
which is the main substance for the formation of maternal and fetal tissues. In the first half of
pregnancy, the need for protein is the same as for other women - 0.8-1.0 g/kg per day, or 10-15%
of the total energy intake. In the second half of pregnancy, it is necessary to consume 1.1 g/kg of
protein. Recommended sources of protein in the diet are low-fat dairy products, fish and lean
meat. Plant proteins—legumes, legumes, and seeds—also play an important role, but their
biological value is lower than that of animal products.
Fat is one of the main nutrients necessary for the human div. They are a source of energy and
ensure the normal functioning of cells in the div. Fats play an important role in the absorption
of vitamins (A, D, E, K) by the div and contribute to the production of hormones in the div.
Lipids are substances found in the div in the form of triglycerides combined with fatty acids
and glycerol. 80% of the div's energy reserves are obtained from fats. On average, the human
div contains 10-20% fat, and due to obesity, this indicator increases to 50%.
Fats are divided into unsaturated and saturated fats depending on their composition. Unsaturated
fats are divided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products and when consumed in excess can increase
the risk of cardiovascular disease. These fats are found in fatty meats, fatty dairy products, and
some tropical oils, such as coconut and palm oil.
Monounsaturated fats, found in olive oil, avocados, nuts, and some vegetable oils, are heart-
healthy.
Polyunsaturated fats include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. They are found in fish, flaxseeds,
nuts and some vegetable oils.
Fats are useful for the div in the following ways:
1. Energy source - 1 gram of fat provides 9 kilocalories of energy, which is more than
carbohydrates and proteins.
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2. Absorption of vitamins - Fats are necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins by the
div.
3. Maintaining the health of the skin and hair - Oils maintain the elasticity of the skin, increase
the strength of hair and nails.
4. Hormone production - Fats play an important role in the synthesis of some important
hormones.
5. Nervous System Function – Nerve cells in the brain depend on adequate amounts of fat to
support cognitive function and memory.
Carbohydrates are an important macronutrient that provides the div with energy and performs
several important functions. They are found in many foods, including vegetables, fruits, grains,
and desserts. The amount of carbohydrates needed by the div depends on many factors and
must be determined individually.
It's important to remember that carbohydrates should be part of a balanced diet that includes
protein and fat. Eating too many carbohydrates can lead to weight gain and other health
problems. That's why it's important to monitor your diet and follow carbohydrate intake
recommendations.
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They can be
simple (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and complex (polysaccharides).
1.
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be broken down into
simpler compounds. They are the main source of energy for the div. Disaccharides are
compounds of two monosaccharide molecules. They can also be quickly broken down into
monosaccharides and used as an energy source.
2.
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates consisting of many monosaccharide
molecules. They gradually break down into monosaccharides and provide the div with energy
for a longer period of time. Carbohydrates perform several important functions in the div:
3. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the div. They are broken down into glucose,
which is then used by cells to produce energy.
4. Carbohydrates help maintain optimal blood glucose levels. This is important for the normal
functioning of the brain, which uses glucose as its main source of energy.
5. Carbohydrates can be stored in the div in the form of glycogen, which is then used for
energy production when needed.
6. Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are part of plant cell walls and provide them with
strength and elasticity.
Taking into account the nature of work, climate-geographic characteristics of the regions, the age
structure of the population, etc., the organization of a balanced diet of a person and the
population as a whole is the most important criterion of a healthy lifestyle and its necessary
conditions.
In a number of studies, a very low level of women's somatic and reproductive health was found,
which is confirmed by many pregnancy complications, a high rate of childbirth, gynecological
morbidity, and a significant prevalence of infertility and pregnancy.
List of used literature
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Volume 15 Issue 05, June 2025
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6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
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XOSILOVA, Z. (2025). NITRAT VA NITRITLARNING ORGANIZMDAGI
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(3.1), 104-107.
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Khosilova, Z. B., & Sayliyeva, Z. (2025). Nutritional Requirements Necessary for
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Abdullayeva, G., Bekmuratovna, Z., & Karimova, M. (2024). O ‘SIMLIK BIOFAOL
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