Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Science and Social Science

This article discusses the veterinary-sanitary examination of milk and dairy products, their role in ensuring the quality and safety of products. It analyzes the types of biological, chemical and physical contamination, methods for their detection, as well as the prevention of zoonotic diseases transmitted through dairy products. It also discusses modern approaches to laboratory testing of dairy products and the role of veterinary specialists in this process. The article reveals the relevance of veterinary-sanitary control in ensuring food safety.

 Simultaneous interpretation is a highly professional activity in which interpreters deliver spoken words in real time, usually in multilingual situations such as conferences, diplomatic meetings, or international events. The prediction approach is one of the most important tactics that interpreters use to increase their efficacy. This article discusses the significance and usefulness of prediction in simultaneous interpretation, emphasizing how it improves accuracy, fluency, and overall communication.

This article explores the management practices of preschool educational organizations through the lens of international experiences. It examines diverse governance and administrative models from countries such as Finland, Italy, Singapore, the United States, and New Zealand. Each model demonstrates unique approaches to decentralization, collaboration, quality assurance, and cultural responsiveness. The article emphasizes the significance of empowering local authorities, involving stakeholders, and investing in professional development for early childhood educators. By analyzing these foreign practices, the article provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for improving preschool management systems in different educational contexts.

 This article discusses the ongoing changes in the modern educational process and the application of an integrative approach across various levels of education  from preschool to higher education. The article also discusses the implementation of integrative approaches in universities and their role in modernizing the educational process in the future. Project-based cooperative learning helps students develop interdisciplinary connections and teaches them to work in teams through scientific experiments.

This article demonstrates how the interaction between world nations has had an impact on various fields, including the field of language. It highlights the significant aspects of how words enter society based on extralinguistic factors and how these words are adapted to the linguistic factors of the language, specifically phonetic  aspects. In this process, both the similarities and differences are also discussed. Clear and precise examples have been provided for all the presented ideas.

Verbs expressing natural phenomena form a distinct lexical category in English, encompassing words that describe meteorological, astronomical, and geological events. These verbs are essential for communicating about natural occurrences and their impact on human life.

This article examines the morphological and syntactic properties of these verbs, including their forms, inflections, derivational processes, transitivity, and sentence structure. By analyzing these linguistic aspects, we highlight their unique role in English grammar and how they reflect our perception of nature.

This paper presents a thorough review of the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in addressing hydrological challenges, offering a simpler and more efficient alternative to traditional computational methods, which are often complex and computationally intensive. ANNs, leveraging artificial intelligence, have been effectively applied in areas such as rainfall-runoff modeling, streamflow forecasting, water quality assessment, and groundwater management. A clear understanding of the hydrological processes being modeled is crucial for selecting appropriate input parameters and designing efficient ANN architectures. This review highlights various ANN applications, demonstrating their accuracy and utility in solving hydrological problems, making them a valuable tool for engineering applications.

This article explores the phenomenon of World English and its intrinsic connection to language variation across different sociolinguistic contexts. As English continues to evolve globally, it manifests in diverse localized forms influenced by cultural, historical, and linguistic factors. Rather than viewing these varieties as deviations from Standard English, the study adopts a pluralistic and descriptive perspective that recognizes the legitimacy and systematic nature of each English variety within its own speech community. The paper examines key aspects of phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactic variation among World English, highlighting how these differences are shaped by contact with indigenous languages, post-colonial legacies, and sociopolitical identities. Drawing on examples from African English, South Asian English, and Caribbean English, the study emphasizes the role of code-switching, nativization, and acculturation processes in shaping distinct English norms. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of linguistic variation for global communication, language policy, and English language pedagogy. It challenges the dominance of Inner Circle English (British and American English) and argues for a more inclusive, context-sensitive approach to English language teaching and assessment. The findings underscore the importance of embracing linguistic diversity and rethinking traditional norms in order to promote equitable and effective communication in the globalized world.

 This article highlights problems related to traffic flow management in the process of designing internal roads in the cities of Uzbekistan. Conditions such as traffic jams, incorrect positioning of traffic lights, and lack of parking spaces were analyzed in general. On the example of some cities of the republic, the causes of the problem are revealed, and practical proposals for their elimination are put forward.

Reveals the orientation of educational values ​​to the social and personal factor. It is desirable that social values, including educational values, serve to form a person, increase his value, ensure the recognition of the individual factor by pedagogues as the leading subject of educational processes, help to form free and independent thinking, as well as the skills of social activity.

This article is devoted to the study of the representation of educational values in the literary works of Abdulhamid Choʻlpon. The focus is on Choʻlpon’s significant role and influence in Uzbek literature, particularly his commitment to promoting enlightenment, knowledge, morality, and national awareness through his writings. The study explores how scientific thought and moral education are reflected in his works, highlighting the author's contributions to the intellectual and ethical development of society. Special attention is given to the methods used by Choʻlpon to advocate for educational ideals and the relevance of these values in today’s modern educational system. The research emphasizes the importance of familiarizing the younger generation with Choʻlpon’s literary heritage and underscores the enduring significance of the educational and moral ideas he conveyed.

In this article, the game as the main type of children's activity in preschool educational organizations, the history of the game, the theory of game activity, the psychological characteristics of the child under the age of one, the scientific theoretical importance of introducing the power of the game, its the level of research and its importance at the present time are highlighted.

The article highlights the modern achievements of pedagogical science, in particular the advantages of the STEAM program, in the formation of creative abilities of preschoolers. Also, pedagogical diagnostics of preschoolers preparing for school based on this program is shown.

The article studies the main pests of the peach tree and their bioecology. The research was mainly conducted between 2023 and 2024.

Pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri F.) The adult pear lace bug is 3-3.5 mm long, with a dark brown to black body. The forewings are reticulated (net-like), transparent like glass, with irregular dark spots and prominent venation. The hindwings are reduced. The tip of the female’s abdomen is rounded. The eggs are elongated, about 0.4 mm long, dark gray to black in color. Nymphs are 0.6-2.3 mm long, flattened, and light brown. From the third instar onward, wing pads begin to develop.

This article discusses the effective implementation of innovative technologies in teaching foreign language competencies and the new technological processes and modern methods of teaching. It also includes the enhancement of students' interest in the foreign language they are learning, engaging their internal cognitive potential, and fostering self-confidence.

This article explores the linguistic and cultural complexities involved in translating realia culturally specific words and expressions between Uzbek and foreign languages. It examines the classification of realia, common translation strategies, and practical challenges faced by translators. Through comparative analysis and illustrative examples, the article highlights the importance of preserving cultural identity while ensuring clarity and accessibility for the target audience. The study contributes to broader discussions in translation theory and intercultural communication, offering practical insights for translators working with culturally rich source texts.

In today's 21st century, as much as mass media, telephones, computers, tablets, etc. are necessary in our lives, we also feel the need for literary, scientific, philosophical books. Because when a person reads a book, the eyes, brain, and emotions work together, and gradually you begin to analyze the lives of the heroes of the work. If necessary, your mind begins to be able to find their shortcomings. It is no wonder that a person who has read a lot of books will be able to apply what he knows in practice in the future and make new investments in science. In this article, we will talk about the work of Abulkasim Firdawsi, one of the books that sharpens the mind and serves to develop human spirituality.

This paper addresses the foundational principles, approaches, and tools essential for the formation of an effective management system within contemporary enterprises. By examining current frameworks, we identify the critical components that contribute to successful organizational management systems, including clear goal setting, structured processes, resource allocation, performance measurement, and continuous improvement initiatives. A comparative analysis of established models, along with empirical insights, provides a guideline for developing integrated, flexible, and adaptive management systems that can thrive in dynamic market environments.

This article describes the requirements of the education system of the republic, the current tasks, the high results achieved on the basis of reforms and pedagogical features of the formation of spiritual and moral education of youth, the role of family and the education system.

This work explores the fundamental principles and practices essential for improving soil productivity, a key factor in sustainable agricultural development. It discusses the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil that influence its ability to support plant growth, such as soil structure, nutrient availability, organic matter content, pH balance, and microbial activity. The study also evaluates various soil management techniques including crop rotation, fertilization, organic amendments, conservation tillage, and erosion control. Emphasis is placed on integrated soil fertility management as a holistic approach to enhancing and maintaining productive soils over the long term.

This article explores the legal and economic aspects of equity ownership and share capital within companies. It analyses the formation, governance, and efficiency of share capital based on the views of scholars from Uzbekistan, Russia, and Europe. The role of equity capital is examined in the context of privatization and corporate governance reforms in Uzbekistan. The paper highlights the importance of legal regulation, transparent governance, and the protection of shareholder rights to improve investment attractiveness and financial stability. Comparative analysis with foreign models offers practical insights for improving Uzbekistan's equity market.

This article examines speech disorders observed in preschool children within the context of modern technological development, analyzing their main causes and possible correction strategies. Against the backdrop of increasing digitalization, a decline in children's social activity and verbal communication skills has led to a rise in phonetic, lexical-grammatical, and psychological speech disorders. The study explores the classification of speech disorders, contemporary pedagogical and speech therapy methods, as well as individual and group-based correctional approaches. The article emphasizes the significance of cooperation between parents, educators, and speech therapists in fostering children’s speech development. It is argued that early diagnosis and a systematic approach can effectively reduce the negative impact of speech disorders.

 The article discusses the possibilities of effective use of educational tools in the educational process, methods of increasing the efficiency of the educational process using information technologies, computer technologies and digital educational resources.

This scientific article analyzes the phonetic, lexical, grammatical, and semantic features of gradation in Uzbek language dialects and accents. Clarification is provided on the concepts of dialect and accent, highlighting their differences from the standard language. The phenomenon of gradation is studied through the inter-semantic relationships of language units, lexical-semantic relationships such as synonymy, antonymy, and gradation. The phonetic, lexical, and grammatical characteristics of the Kipchak, Oguz, and Chig'ftloy dialects in the Uzbek language are illustrated with examples. Geographic, social, historical, and communicative factors that influence the gradation of dialects and accents are analyzed. The integration of dialects and accents into literary language, the normalization process, and their social significance are discussed. The article emphasizes the necessity of scientific research and practical measures for the preservation and development of dialects and accents.

Metacognitive skills are critical for effective learning, as they enable pupils to regulate their cognitive processes. In primary education, developing these skills can lead to enhanced academic achievement and promote lifelong learning habits. This article explores the importance of fostering metacognition in young learners, discussing practical strategies for teachers to develop pupils' metacognitive abilities. By encouraging self-awareness, goal-setting, reflection, and strategy use, teachers can empower primary school pupils to become independent and self-regulated learners. This article also highlights the challenges in implementing metacognitive strategies and provides a framework for educators to integrate metacognition into the classroom effectively.

This article explores how Afghan culture and societal norms shape the portrayal of fathers in Khaled Hosseini’s literary works, especially in The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns. By analyzing the father figures in the context of traditional Afghan values, gender expectations, and the sociopolitical backdrop, the study highlights how patriarchal norms and cultural identity are reflected in Hosseini’s narratives. The paper employs a qualitative literary analysis method, integrating cultural studies and postcolonial theory to understand paternal roles in Afghan society.

This article analyzes the indicators used to evaluate brand experience based on the “Brand Experience Strength Indicators” (BESI) model. The model introduces a new approach of identifying emotional, digital, and cultural interactions between brands and consumers in Uzbekistan. Through the BESI model, it becomes possible to assess a brand’s ability to remain in customer memory, deliver immersive experiences, and offer personalized services. The research has practical implications for improving marketing strategies.

This paper explores the transformation of character construction in modern English literature, focusing on the shift from traditional, archetypal figures to complex, fragmented, and hybrid identities. Influenced by socio-cultural changes, philosophical movements, and critical theories, modern characters reflect the uncertainties and diversities of contemporary life. Through an analysis of representative literary works by authors such as Kazuo Ishiguro, Zadie Smith, and Sally Rooney, the study examines how new character types embody themes such as posthumanism, gender fluidity, cultural hybridity, and environmental consciousness. The research highlights how modern English literature redefines the concept of character as a dynamic and evolving site of identity, ideology, and experience.

 This article provides detailed information about the historical conditions in the process of formation of the Turkestan governorate general in the territory of Central Asia, the existing political system and other events of that time. Following the colonization of Central Asia into a Russian colony during this period, this territorial unit would be established here, and several provinces would be established within it.

This article presents a comparative analysis of moral values expressed in Uzbek and Japanese oral folklore. The study examines the moral views, cultural mindset, and educational approaches of both peoples based on fairy tales, proverbs, epics, and folk stories. The article highlights the role of oral folklore in moral education, as well as the system of values and character images through a linguoculturological approach.

This article explores the evolution and academic significance of C*-algebras, von Neumann algebras, AW*-algebras, and JW*-algebras. It delves into their historical background, the mathematicians behind their development—such as Israel Gelfand, John von Neumann, Irving Kaplansky, and Pascual Jordan—and their respective contributions to mathematics and physics. C*-algebras serve as a foundational tool in functional analysis and quantum mechanics; von Neumann algebras aid in describing quantum systems; AW*-algebras generalize operator theory; and JW*-algebras contribute to understanding symmetric structures in quantum theory. The article provides an overview of their origin, key milestones, and their relevance in contemporary research.

 In this work, we discuss the construction of derivative optimal quadrature formulas in the Sobolev space. We derive an analytical expression for an error functional norm and obtain a system of linear equations Winner-Hopf type by the coefficients using the method of Lagrange multipliers. Further, we apply the Sobolev method to get the analytical representation of the optimal coefficients. Using these coefficients, we calculate the norm of the error functional of the optimal quadrature formula in cases  and  in Sobolev  space. We verify our theoretical conclusions with the help of numerical experiments.

This article discusses the importance of the concept of derivative in economic processes, its role in optimization and marginal analysis. It explains how the concepts of marginal revenue, profit and cost are determined through derivatives, as well as methods for calculating price elasticity. The practical application of the derivative in economic processes is examined through examples, and the importance of the derivative in the strategies for maximizing the profit of companies is emphasized.

This article focuses on the use of numerical sequences in economics. Analysis of economic processes and their planning requires the use of mathematical tools. Also, many people have heard of arithmetic progression, but not everyone can interpret it in economics. Arithmetic progression is used to model economic processes that have a tendency to constantly increase and decrease. Not only arithmetic progression, but also geometric progression can be used in economics. The geometric progression section also presents methods for finding the terms of the geometric progression studied in the section and methods for finding the sum of the terms of their formulas. The importance of numerical sequences, progressions and their microeconomic analysis, as well as operations in business planning, is also covered. Numerical sequences are an important tool for understanding the dynamics of economic growth and effective management. The application of numerical sequences to economics can be expressed in the following way: there are formulas for finding interest rates on loans from banks and loan amortizations. Two different methods are used to calculate these interest rates. They are arithmetic progression for simple interest, and geometric progression for compound interest. This process can be called debt amortization in short. In debt amortization, it can also be used to find the percentage of the remaining balance of a loan from a bank, variable interest rates, and the amount of interest that remains after the loan is paid.

This article focuses on the use of numerical sequences in economics. Analysis of economic processes and their planning requires the use of mathematical tools. Also, many people have heard of arithmetic progression, but not everyone can interpret it in economics. Arithmetic progression is used to model economic processes that have a tendency to constantly increase and decrease. Not only arithmetic progression, but also geometric progression can be used in economics. The geometric progression section also presents methods for finding the terms of the geometric progression studied in the section and methods for finding the sum of the terms of their formulas. The importance of numerical sequences, progressions and their microeconomic analysis, as well as operations in business planning, is also covered. Numerical sequences are an important tool for understanding the dynamics of economic growth and effective management. The application of numerical sequences to economics can be expressed in the following way: there are formulas for finding interest rates on loans from banks and loan amortizations. Two different methods are used to calculate these interest rates. They are arithmetic progression for simple interest, and geometric progression for compound interest. This process can be called debt amortization in short. In debt amortization, it can also be used to find the percentage of the remaining balance of a loan from a bank, variable interest rates, and the amount of interest that remains after the loan is paid.

This work highlights the pedagogical significance of the social stories methodology in developing communication with children aged 2–5 living with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Social stories are short, visual guides that help the child understand everyday social situations and respond appropriately to them, and they are considered a convenient learning tool especially for children with autism. This study examines the main principles of this methodology, methods of creating age-appropriate stories for young children, and the ways of applying them in practice. In addition, practical recommendations for educators, a sample activity based on social stories, and ways to enrich them with visual aids are presented.

This article discusses the ethnography of the Fergana Valley as one of the important areas of tourism and the development of Uzbek traditional values, as a manifestation of traditions and culture. It also analyzes the impact of rituals and holidays in the Fergana Valley intangible cultural heritage system on the development of ethnotourism and tourist services on a global scale, the impact of ethnotourism on the development of ethnotourism and the causes of problems encountered in this process, the need to conduct scientific research on the impact of folk games on the culture of ethnotourism in the development of ethnotourism and the implementation of scientific approaches.

 This article explores the artistic and philosophical role of imagery and symbolism in classical literature. Through examples from literary texts, it analyzes the function of imagery as a means of aesthetic expression and the representation of deep spiritual and moral meanings through symbols. Special attention is given to the works of classical poets such as Alisher Navoi, Bedil, and Sufi Olloyor, highlighting the harmony between imagery and symbolism and their artistic weight within the ghazal genre. The article also examines how divine truth is artistically expressed through symbolic language in the context of Sufi thought.

This article studies the role of communicative language teaching approach in education and for teaching and learning the English language. It is vital to mention that the work is devoted to highlight the effects of this technique to improve learners’ speaking skill.

In this article, the education of Eastern thinkers opinions about what a perfect person should be, the place of education in human life, and information on raising children in the family. This article describes the importance of education issues in personal development and its value today.

This scientific article provides an overview of the advanced development of animalistic imagery in our homeland. It also highlights the benefits of using watercolour paints for this type of painting and the importance of using the right materials and tools. The article also covers the initial stages of teaching drawing techniques and how to overcome problems that arise during the process.

 in recent years, technology has become an integral component of the educational landscape, profoundly transforming teaching and learning processes in modern classrooms. This paper explores the pivotal role technology plays in enhancing student engagement, which is widely recognized as a critical factor influencing academic achievement and overall learning outcomes. Student engagement encompasses behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions, all of which contribute to a more effective and meaningful educational experience. The integration of technological tools such as interactive whiteboards, educational software, mobile devices, and online platforms fosters active participation, collaboration, and personalized learning opportunities. These tools not only facilitate access to diverse and authentic learning resources but also cater to different learning styles and paces, making education more inclusive and adaptive. Furthermore, technology enables real-time feedback and assessment, promoting self-regulation and motivation among learners. Despite challenges related to accessibility, teacher training, and potential distractions, the strategic use of technology in classrooms has demonstrated significant benefits in increasing student motivation, improving communication skills, and encouraging creativity and critical thinking. This paper synthesizes current research findings, case studies, and practical applications to provide a comprehensive overview of how technology can be effectively leveraged to boost student engagement. It also offers recommendations for educators and policymakers to optimize the use of technology in educational settings, ensuring that digital tools serve as facilitators of active and meaningful learning experiences. Ultimately, embracing technology in education is essential for preparing students to thrive in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

This article analyzes the key factors that influence the successful implementation of transformation processes. It examines aspects such as leadership quality, organizational culture, employee motivation, strategic planning, institutional support, and external environmental factors. The study highlights the interconnection of these elements during transformation and emphasizes the importance of their effective management to achieve sustainable outcomes.

In today’s fast-evolving industrial landscape, the digital transformation of manufacturing processes is becoming a critical driver of efficiency, flexibility, and innovation. One of the most promising developments in this area is the integration of digital twin technology with automation systems, which enables the creation of intelligent, real-time virtual replicas of physical assets and processes. These digital models not only mirror the actual state of the plant but also interact dynamically with automated systems to support continuous monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimized control. Recent advancements have shown that this fusion can turn conventional technological maps—once static and manually updated—into living digital frameworks that enhance visibility and responsiveness across the entire production lifecycle. Real-time data from sensors, machines, and control systems feed into the digital twin, which in turn enables simulations, scenario planning, and automated decision-making. This evolution is particularly significant in complex industrial environments where operational continuity, risk mitigation, and sustainability are top priorities. Despite the substantial benefits, practical implementation faces several challenges, including data interoperability across diverse platforms, cybersecurity concerns, and the need for a digitally skilled workforce. However, the growing adoption of open standards, AI-driven analytics, and secure cloud infrastructures is gradually addressing these barriers. As industries increasingly seek resilient and adaptive solutions, the synergy between digital twin technology and automation is emerging as a cornerstone of smart, data-centric manufacturing strategies. This shift signals not just a technological upgrade, but a fundamental transformation in how industrial intelligence is designed and applied.

This article explores the pharmacological properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its active compound, curcumin. The main biological effects are described, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective actions. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of curcumin’s action in various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurodegenerative disorders. The article provides data on the chemical composition of turmeric, its nutritional value, and its applications in both traditional and official medicine.

This article examines the features of the chemical structure of various hormonal drugs and their impact on metabolic processes in the human body. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of action of insulin, thyroid, and steroid hormones, as well as their role in regulating the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The biochemical aspects of hormone-receptor interactions and their pharmacological activity are analyzed. The article emphasizes the importance of hormonal agents in the therapy of endocrine diseases and the necessity of a deep understanding of their chemical nature to improve treatment effectiveness.

This article analyzes the images of the creation of man and creatures in the famous work of Abulqasim Firdawsi "Shahnama" from an artistic and philosophical point of view. "Shahnama" is one of the rare masterpieces of Eastern literature, in which the process of creation reflects the divine will and the place of humanity on earth. The article deeply studies the parts of the work about creation, analyzes the motives of the creation of man and creatures, symbols and their content features. The study reveals the images created by Firdawsi, their artistic interpretation and the philosophy of creation in the work. The article also studies the historical, mythological and religious sources of the "Shahnama" and their influence on the concept of creation. The main events related to creation in the work and their spiritual content are widely covered, and ideas about the creation of man and creatures are analyzed from different perspectives. Of all creatures, only man is given language and intelligence, and it is said that he should be kind, not boast that he is intelligent, work hard throughout his life, not unknowingly join the wrong path, help the weak and poor, and be familiar with books that are thirsty for knowledge. A comparative study of the philosophy of creation in Firdawsi's work with other works of Eastern literature helps to understand its general ideological foundations. This analysis is aimed at highlighting the contribution of the "Shahnama" work to the history of mankind and its spiritual and cultural development.

This article discusses the importance of extracurricular reading activities for primary school students, its role in the educational process, and its role in forming a reading culture in children. It also discusses effective methods of organizing extracurricular reading, the role of the teacher, and its impact on the formation of independent thinking, imagination, and aesthetic taste in students.

 In this study, I am going to explore the phraseological units in English and Uzbek through a comparative cultural lens, aiming to uncover the deep-seated values, beliefs, and worldviews embedded in the idiomatic expressions of both languages. Phraseological units—such as idioms, proverbs, and fixed expressions—not only enrich language but also serve as cultural markers that reflect the historical, social, and psychological experiences of a people. By analyzing a selection of commonly used phraseological units from both languages, this research highlights how culture influences linguistic expression and how similar concepts may be verbalized differently depending on cultural context. Particular attention is given to metaphors, symbolic meanings, and cultural connotations found in these expressions. The findings reveal both universal themes and culture-specific elements, offering valuable insights for linguists, translators, and language learners interested in intercultural communication and language teaching. This analysis contributes to the broader field of comparative linguistics and supports the notion that phraseology is a rich source of cultural knowledge.

 The article examines the content of forming national and secular worldviews in students based on pedagogical science.

Plagiarism, the act of using others’ work without proper attribution, undermines academic integrity and has significant consequences for students and institutions. This article examines the nature of plagiarism, its negative impacts, and the challenges of cultivating academic etiquette among students. Drawing on studies, it reports that 59% of college students have engaged in some form of plagiarism, often due to lack of awareness or pressure to succeed (McCabe, 2005). Consequences include academic penalties, reputational damage, and hindered skill development. The article proposes strategies like explicit instruction, honor codes, and technology-based interventions to foster ethical academic behavior. By addressing root causes and promoting a culture of integrity, educators can mitigate plagiarism and enhance students’ ethical decision-making.

Integrating environmental education into English lessons offers a unique opportunity to develop students’ environmental protection skills while enhancing language proficiency. This article explores strategies for embedding environmental themes in English curricula, focusing on secondary students (aged 13–17). A mixed-methods study involving 50 students showed that project-based learning activities, such as writing essays on climate change or debating sustainable practices, improved environmental awareness by 28% and English fluency by 15% (pre- and post-test scores). Challenges include teacher preparedness and curriculum constraints. The article proposes practical methods like thematic vocabulary, role-plays, and multimedia projects to foster eco-conscious behaviors and linguistic skills, contributing to interdisciplinary education.

This study examines the impact of Microsoft Access as a tool for improving secondary students’ proficiency in mathematical operations, focusing on algebraic expressions and basic statistical computations. A randomized controlled trial involved 80 students (aged 15–17) split into an experimental group (n=40) using Microsoft Access queries and a control group (n=40) employing traditional methods. The intervention included tasks such as solving linear equations and calculating statistical measures (mean, variance) within Access databases. Pre- and post-intervention assessments showed the experimental group improved significantly (p < 0.001), with a mean post-test score of 88.6 (SD = 6.9) compared to 74.3 (SD = 7.8) for the control group. Student surveys indicated higher motivation and perceived relevance in the experimental group. These findings suggest that Microsoft Access can enhance mathematical skills by integrating computational practice with data management, offering a novel approach to mathematics education.

Magnetic fields are fundamental to understanding numerous physical phenomena, from compass navigation to advanced technologies like MRI machines. This article provides an accessible explanation of magnetic fields, their properties, and their significance for secondary and undergraduate students. It explores the essence of magnetic fields as invisible forces generated by moving charges, their mathematical representation, and their applications. Contributions from scientists such as Hans Christian Ørsted, Michael Faraday, and James Clerk Maxwell are highlighted to contextualize the historical development of the field. The article incorporates qualitative descriptions, quantitative examples, and real-world applications to foster student engagement. An educational approach emphasizing inquiry-based learning is proposed to deepen students’ understanding of magnetism.

This article outlines five methods to foster critical thinking in Russian language lessons by engaging students in analytical, problem-solving, and reflective activities focused on grammatical concepts. These strategies encourage students to understand the logic and nuances of Russian grammar, including its case system and verb aspects, while developing skills such as reasoning, pattern recognition, and synthesis.

Teaching Russian grammar, with its intricate case system, verb conjugations, and syntactic structures, offers a unique opportunity to cultivate critical thinking skills. By integrating methods that encourage analysis, problem-solving, and reflection, educators can help students not only master grammar but also develop a deeper understanding of the language's logic and nuances. Below are effective methods to foster critical thinking in Russian language lessons, specifically when explaining grammatical topics.

One of the most crucial abilities a person can possess is listening.  A learner's listening skills have a significant influence on both them and the calibre of their interpersonal relationships.  Listening is the hardest talent to master.  This article highlights how crucial it is for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners to improve their active listening abilities. It differentiates active listening from passive reception, highlighting its multifaceted nature encompassing comprehension, retention, and strategic response. The paper identifies common challenges faced by EFL learners in listening and comprehensively outlines a range of pedagogical techniques, categorized into pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening phases, designed to cultivate effective active listening. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of metacognition, authentic materials, and technology in fostering these vital communication competencies.

Our people centuries continuation formed arrived Our customs, traditions and rituals its colorful, rich life experiences as a result its formation, its philosophical to the essence ownership with other from the peoples separated stands. Human birth, adulthood maturity, marriage drying, life forgiveness and death to be able with related our traditions vital to the content has. Many Turkish and Turkish not been of the peoples symbiosis as a result to form today's Uzbek nationality this ceremonies in terms of to the generality has although, every one ethnic group – clan, tribe, people, and nation some to oneself typical different There are aspects. In the article marriage ceremonies with related like this different aspects Turkish group in the example of statement done.

This article reviews the transformative impact of CRISPR-Cas9 on genetic engineering, detailing its mechanisms, applications in biomedicine and agriculture, challenges like off-target effects, and future directions. It provides a comprehensive overview for researchers and students interested in genome editing.

Fiscal policy, encompassing government spending and taxation, is a critical tool for influencing macroeconomic conditions such as aggregate demand, employment, and inflation. This article explores the mechanisms of fiscal policy, its application during economic crises, and the challenges of ensuring long-term fiscal sustainability. Drawing on recent global experiences, including the COVID-19 pandemic response, we analyze the effectiveness of fiscal interventions and the risks associated with rising public debt.

This article presents in detail the results of a study conducted to determine the optimal combination of factors selected to determine the minimum coefficient of unevenness of loading and leveling of quail seed mixtures in conveyor dryers during the loading process into the dryer. In addition, the expressions for determining the regression coefficient, calculating the Fisher and Student tests, the results of statistical evaluation of the regression coefficient (vi), and the results of comparing the absolute value of the regression coefficient and their confidence intervals (∆vi) are presented.

The birthplace of Zaki Validiy is the village of Kuzyanovo in Bashkortostan. The future founder of the Bashkir autonomy and great scholar’s parents were fluent in Arabic, Persian, and Chagatay (Old Turkic) languages. At that time, educated families were not rare, and every Tatar and Bashkir village encountered such families.

The 21st century is the century of intelligence, spirituality and knowledge. Therefore, this century requires fundamental changes in the socio-economic, spiritual and educational development of society. In particular, there are many new innovative technologies in the agricultural sector. This article discusses drip irrigation, which is currently considered preferable in the agricultural sector, and its importance today.

 This article examines dental implantation as an important direction of modern dentistry. It discusses the main advantages of implants, including their safety for the body, long-term service life and aesthetic appearance. It also analyzes the risks that may arise during the implantation process, especially peri-implantitis, and complications that may arise in individual cases. The article also focuses on the latest medical approaches and technological innovations, such as 3D tomography, zirconium materials, laser technologies. The main theme is that dental implants play a significant role in improving the quality of human life and restoring confidence.

The article shows the work on developing the managerial qualities of teachers, the use of foreign experiences in school management, when the qualifications of school leaders have been improved, and participation in international programs to assess the quality of students’ knowledge.

 Japanese muzina is of interest to gardeners because its delicate and spicy taste is very pleasant. Japanese cabbage forms a large spreading leaf 60-90 sm in diameter, 35-50 sm in height. Cabbage has many leaves because it has well-developed lateral shoots.  Japanese cabbage is considered a very frost-resistant plant. Its seeds are + 3.... It begins to germinate at +4⁰C, the seedlings withstand moderate frosts well. The leaves are collected at a height of 35-40 sm, with a diameter of 55-65 sm in a horizontal or slightly raised position. A lyre-pinnate with a large cut along the edges, a medium-sized Leaf, dark green in color, becomes smooth. The yield of Japanese Mizuna cabbage is 6,7 kg / m², the mass of one Bush is 1 kg.

This article explores educational methods, their objectives and functions, principles, and characteristics. It also highlights the process of organizing and integrating students into a community.

This article analyzes innovative and functional approaches to designing modern residential complexes. Using a building model as an example, it proposes contemporary design solutions that consider architecture, aesthetics, energy efficiency, and ecological balance, focusing on user comfort and urban planning requirements. The study offers recommendations on the functional zoning of the residential complex developed based on the model, its harmony with the landscape, and the placement of structures. The article highlights an effective methodology for designing residential buildings based on modern architectural trends, material selection, and principles of sustainable development.

This article explores modern information education methods in teaching children’s literature. It examines how the integration of digital technologies and multimedia resources enhances the learning experience and engagement of young learners. The study highlights the importance of adapting teaching strategies to contemporary educational tools to foster creativity, critical thinking, and literacy skills among children. Emphasis is placed on interactive learning, digital storytelling, and the role of educators in effectively implementing information technologies in the classroom to improve the quality and accessibility of children’s literature education.

This article focuses on the prevention and treatment of common respiratory diseases in children, such as colds, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It analyzes the factors contributing to the development of these conditions based on the structure of the respiratory system and the characteristics of the immune system in children. Methods for strengthening immunity, including dietary habits, physical activity, consuming vitamins and minerals, and adhering to hygiene rules, are discussed. Preventive measures such as vaccination, improving living conditions, and controlling environmental factors are also reviewed. This article provides valuable information and recommendations for parents and healthcare professionals.

This article analyzes the archaeological sites of Qoyqirilganqala and Toprokkala, located in the ancient Khorezm region. Based on archaeological excavations, the study highlights the defensive architecture, religious functions, and social life of the population. Particular emphasis is placed on Zoroastrian temples, worship of the fertility goddess, and evidence of astronomical observations, which indicate the presence of religious and scientific centers in ancient Khorezm.

This article analyzes the methodological foundations for developing critical thinking skills among medical university students through a psychological approach. The psychological and pedagogical essence of critical thinking, key factors contributing to its development, and effective teaching methods are explored. The article is based on the theoretical views of modern scholars in pedagogy and psychology.

The article covers the role and significance of the formation of a reading culture in readers in the modern educational process. There has been an analysis of the arousal of interest in reading books, the involvement of students in independent reading, the influence of the family and school environment in this regard. The role of effective methods and tools for the development of reading, teacher and library activities are also considered. The article includes practical recommendations for educators, Methodists, and parents.

This article discusses the development of Uzbek literature created on the territory of modern-day Uzbekistan.

 Poliomyelitis (polio) is a viral disease that primarily affects children, causing paralysis and long-term disability. Despite significant global efforts toward eradication, poliomyelitis remains a concern in some regions. Proper care and management of children affected by polio are crucial to reduce morbidity, improve quality of life, and support rehabilitation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of poliomyelitis, focusing on the clinical features, principles of patient care, rehabilitation, and preventive strategies. It highlights the multidisciplinary approach required for effective management, including medical treatment, physical therapy, psychosocial support, and vaccination.

 This article examines the organizational and legal foundations for managing cultural policy in New Uzbekistan. It explores the pivotal role of state institutions, public associations, and civil society organizations in the development and implementation of cultural policy.

This article explores the essence of competitive strategies, their types, and effective ways to implement them in the context of the Uzbekistan market. It analyzes methods for businesses to remain competitive, the stages of developing competitive strategies, and the challenges faced during their implementation. Practical recommendations are provided for enhancing competitiveness, considering Uzbekistan’s economic and social characteristics. The article serves as a guide for business leaders, marketers, and entrepreneurs.

This article explores the rich intellectual and spiritual legacy of Abu Muhammad Abdullah ad-Darimi, with a particular focus on the role of his work Sunan in promoting Islamic ethics and social values through hadiths. The study highlights ad-Darimi’s contribution to the science of hadith, his methodological rigor, and how his teachings can inform the moral and spiritual development of contemporary youth. The article analyzes the educational potential of the ethical and religious content of his writings in cultivating youth consciousness and underscores the importance of incorporating Islamic scholarly heritage into modern educational and spiritual frameworks.

Infection, a critical concept in the field of microbiology and medicine, refers to the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the body. Understanding infections involves exploring their types, mechanisms of transmission, clinical manifestations, and implications for public health. This article provides a comprehensive overview of infection, focusing on bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic agents, the immune system’s response, and current strategies for prevention and control.

This article explores the fundamental concepts of gerontology and geriatrics, highlighting their definitions, classifications, historical development, and roles in addressing the health and social challenges of aging populations. It emphasizes their importance in modern society, particularly in the context of increasing life expectancy, chronic disease management, and the global push toward healthy and active aging.

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. Despite being preventable through vaccination, rabies continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. This article reviews the pathogenesis of rabies virus infection, the epidemiology and modes of transmission, current preventive measures including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and the challenges faced in global rabies control. Emphasis is placed on the need for integrated One Health approaches to eliminate human rabies worldwide.

This article explores the growing impact of information technologies (IT) on the field of medicine. From electronic health records to artificial intelligence and telemedicine, modern IT solutions are transforming diagnosis, treatment, patient monitoring, and medical research. The study highlights the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of integrating digital technologies into healthcare systems.

This article is about applying the method of comparison when learning a new language. It tries to show how comparing a new language to one's home or familiar language can make learning simpler, effective learning possible, and meaningful learning. From studying learners' experiences and recent data, this study uncovers how the method improves memory, increases knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, and increases confidence. The comparison method, as the study suggests, helps learners to make faster gains, especially in multilingual settings.

This  in the article electromagnetic vibrations, waves, electromagnetic of the waves properties,high frequency vines application, today on the day waves, different natural waves ; sound waves, light waves, the human in life and technology importance about information given.

Improving the inclusive education system in the digital society is considered a pressing problem. This article analyzes the development of digital educational platforms and their role in ensuring inclusive education. The education system is undergoing major changes globally, and the need to create equal opportunities in education with the help of digital technologies is increasing. The article examines modern trends in inclusive education, digital tools that meet the requirements, and new approaches of teachers and educational institutions. It also provides priority areas, issues and prospects for ensuring inclusion in digital education, as well as practical recommendations.

Physical education moments play an important role in strengthening mental and physical activity for students. Physical education minutes can help improve the effectiveness of the learning process, especially for pupils and students. Below, I will talk about the benefits and importance of physical education moments in increasing students' mental alertness and improving their overall health. Physical activity speeds up the cerebral circulation, resulting in renewal and improvement in mental functioning. Small exercises or physical education moments can help students learn and remember new information.

This article explores the application of smart-learning technologies within digital educational environments by examining foreign experiences and evaluating their relevance for Uzbekistan’s education system. It highlights key innovations such as adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring, and learning analytics that have transformed education in countries like the United States, South Korea, Singapore, and Finland. The article also discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing these technologies, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure, teacher training, and localized content. Finally, it outlines prospects and strategic recommendations for Uzbekistan to successfully integrate smart-learning tools, aiming to enhance educational quality and accessibility in the digital era.

This article analyzes the didactic opportunities for developing students’ professional-extreme competencies in the modern education system. It explores the formation of skills such as adaptation to extreme situations encountered in various professional activities, making quick decisions, resilience to stress, and ensuring safety—all of which are linked to scientifically grounded approaches. The study highlights the importance of pedagogical technologies such as simulation training, activity-based learning, interactive methods, and reflection. Additionally, the experiences of the United States, Germany, Russia, and Uzbekistan are examined, demonstrating the urgency of implementing innovative approaches in the educational process.

The translation of texts in the technical field requires special approaches for the correct transmission of specific terminology and lexical concepts. Since the translation of texts related to the field of technology has important scientific and practical significance, the skill and knowledge of the translator are very important in this translation process. This article examines the main approaches and methods for translating textual texts from English into Uzbek.

This paper explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on English language learning. It emphasizes how AI technologies such as chatbots, voice assistants, virtual reality, and adaptive feedback systems are revolutionizing traditional language teaching by providing personalized, interactive, and scalable solutions. AI enables learners to develop English skills effectively by offering tailored instruction, instant feedback, and access to authentic materials. Furthermore, the study discusses future implications, including emotionally responsive AI and immersive VR/AR platforms that provide realistic conversational practice. These innovations are breaking down educational barriers and offering inclusive, high-quality language education worldwide.

This scientific article thoroughly examines the relationship between government expenditures on education and economic growth using continuous regression analysis. By applying spline regression models, the study empirically assesses the impact of public investments in education on economic development. The findings reveal that expenditures aimed at developing human capital contribute significantly to long-term economic stability. The paper also provides recommendations on determining optimal investment levels, emphasizes the role of institutional reforms, and discusses the importance of effective allocation of educational resources.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the intelligence system in the troops of Jaloliddin Manguberdi, the last ruler of the Khorezmshah Empire. Based on a wide range of historical sources, the methods of organizing military intelligence, the specifics of collecting information and their impact on the military campaigns of Manguberdi’s army during the period of resistance to the Mongol invasion in the first half of the 13th century are studied. The study reveals the unique features of the Khorezm intelligence system, which allowed it to effectively resist superior enemy forces.

The article examines the issues of the origin of military education, the development of its system, the challenges facing the military education system and areas for improvement.

The article presents the main aspects of the dialectical cultural understanding of history. In particular, it describes the fact that cultural existence is the synergistic basis of the existence and development of society, the origin of correlational-functional, substantial laws and their synergistic character, and the dependence of civilizations on historical types of cultural existence.

The article examines the improvement of the structural structure of the national economy and its characteristics in the context of economic modernization.

 this article examines the reasons and consequences of the end of the 20th century by a number of developed countries of Europe for improving the colonial structure of European countries, which have controlled the African continent for centuries, as well as the stages of the emergence of the African continent on the political map of the world from the 60s and 70s

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This article describes the brief life and activities of great warlord Amir Timur, his bravery in front of people, his loyalty and boundless love for the homeland and his people, his military activities, management system.

This article provides a brief analysis of the emergence, development, and improvement of management, including troop management. It demonstrates the dependence of troop management development on the advancement of technical management tools and the composition of troops. The article presents ways to improve the troop management system as human society evolves, troop composition changes, and technical means of troop management advance.

The article explores the features of the application of Amir Temur's army, focusing on the expedient organization and deployment of troops for conducting strategic and tactical operations tailored to various enemy compositions.

This article is dedicated to certain principles of military art employed by Amir Temur and their potential application in modern military conflicts characterized by high mobility and the use of advanced technologies.

In the article teachers lesson process good quality, skill with take to go, successful work, students good quality knowledge give for, study to the process from the news, information from technologies use condition. Innovation education at work complete and accurate application for his/her essence, content understood without she is through teacher and student's mutual their relationship optimization statement done.

This article discusses the educational activities conducted in science and nature centers, methods of organizing these activities, and the equipment used. It also highlights the activities carried out under the guidance of educators, ways to stimulate children’s cognitive activity, and the importance of practical lessons in these centers. The article provides detailed insights into the educational activities, their organization, and the tools used in science and nature centers.

This article explores the semantic and stylistic functions of phraseological units (PUs) containing ornithonyms (bird names) in English and Uzbek. Through comparative analysis, the study examines how ornithonym-based idioms reflect cultural values, worldview, and communicative strategies in both languages. The analysis reveals that while both English and Uzbek phraseologies utilize ornithonyms to express metaphorical meanings, stylistic nuances and semantic associations differ significantly. The findings underscore the role of birds as symbolic agents in human cognition and discourse, enriching stylistic expressiveness and cultural imagery.

Today, the quality and structure of nutrition of different groups of the population is changing, which has a negative impact on their intake of biologically valuable proteins, vitamins, and a number of minerals. In particular, improper and insufficient nutrition is one of the reasons why women of reproductive age get seriously ill before and after childbirth, and even die prematurely. In particular, malnutrition is becoming one of the main factors of maternal and child mortality (Black et al., 2013). Accordingly, it is important to study the actual diet of women of reproductive age and develop measures to organize their healthy diet.

In the world, a number of scientific studies are being conducted to determine the nutritional status of various population groups, including women of reproductive age, and to develop the concept of healthy nutrition. In this regard, prevention and elimination of malnutrition, identification of related conditions, substantiation of its medical and biological aspects, and analysis from a physiological point of view occupy a special place.

This article is devoted to the study of the existing gastronomic discourses in Uzbek and English by comparing the linguocultural characteristics. The study shows how national culture, values, customs and the worldview of the people are expressed through gastronomic terms, phrases and linguistic units regarding food. Based on the linguocultural approach, gastronomic discourse components in English and Uzbek languages – lexical units, phraseological phrases, cultural metaphors, advertising texts, recipes and samples of speech in everyday communication-are analyzed.

Working capacity refers to the state of the organism, its level of health, vitality, competence, fitness, resistance to external environmental factors, the level of endurance, the ability of organisms to develop skills in adverse conditions, the state of the organism's response to stress factors, and many other similar conditions. Athletes have higher physical performance than other groups of the population. Of course, this does not mean that they have lower mental performance, on the contrary, logically speaking, an individual with high physical performance will also have higher mental performance. The performance of athletes is expressed by the following concepts:

• readiness,


• state of readiness,


• training (Zatsiorsky B. M., 1980).

It is emphasized that the athlete's performance is understood as "a specific state accompanied by morphological and functional changes in the body as a result of training" (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Physical Culture and Sports. - M.: Fis, 1962, vol. I-III). To determine the performance of athletes and the level of training, they are mainly examined by a doctor. In this case, almost all indicators in the body are determined and a comprehensive conclusion is drawn from them. This represents the functional activity of the body. It is also emphasized that performance is understood as the work, function of a certain organ or system in the body, directed towards some activity.

This article presents information about the didactic possibilities of organizing independent learning based on a creative approach in higher education institutions. The development of modern approaches and methods in the field of education requires fostering teachers' creative thinking skills and discovering new ways to work effectively with students. The term "creative approach" in pedagogy refers to the introduction of innovations in the teaching and learning process, the activation of students, and the development of their creative thinking. This article explores teaching methods based on a creative approach, their advantages, and practical applications.

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According to this article, the Singaporean development model is among the most sophisticated and stable examples of Asian authoritarian modernism. Through social discipline, meritocracy, and strong centralised governance, the model was able to strike a balance between economic growth and social stability.  Particularly in light of the evolution of contemporary postcolonial cultures, the examination of this concept within the context of social philosophy is highly pertinent.

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Rectal cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms both in the world oncological practice and in Uzbekistan. About 600,000 new cases of this disease are diagnosed annually in the world. Over the past few decades, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of rectal cancer. The data on the relative incidence of this nosology are comparable among Russian and foreign authors according to Siegel R., Miller K., rectal cancer, including anal canal cancer, accounts for about 50% of all colon tumors. In recent years, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of rectal cancer worldwide, so its share in the structure of oncological morbidity in men is 5.3% and in women 4.4%. Locally advanced rectal cancer is a tumor of limited mobility or immobile with involvement or destruction of its own fascia, without obvious signs of distant metastasis in patients who, due to its spread beyond the organ, cannot undergo radical surgery without a high risk of local relapse in the near future after surgery. One of the urgent tasks of modern oncoproctology is to improve the long-term results of treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

This article explores the historical development of photojournalism, tracing its origins from early documentary photography in the 19th century to its evolution through technological advancements and social change. It highlights key periods such as the Golden Age of photojournalism, the impact of war photographers, the rise of photo magazines, and the transition into the digital era. The article emphasizes the enduring power of visual storytelling in journalism and its role in shaping public perception and documenting history.

This article examines the impact of dust generated in the production environment on the health of employees. The relevance of the topic is explained by the increasing need for occupational safety and health measures in manufacturing enterprises. According to the results of the study, dust particles can cause respiratory diseases, allergic reactions and chronic bronchitis. In conclusion, it was found that the negative effects of industrial dust can be reduced through effective ventilation systems, protective equipment and regular medical examinations.

This article discusses the issues of improving the methods of evacuating enterprise employees in case of emergency situations. Legal, organizational and technological approaches to increasing the efficiency of evacuation systems are analyzed. Taking into account the specific characteristics of each enterprise, existing problems and proposals for their elimination are presented. The article substantiates the importance of advanced technologies, real-time management systems and digital evacuation plans. The regularity of evacuation exercises and the effectiveness of employee training are also indicated. The results of the study show that optimizing evacuation processes can help increase employee safety and reduce losses to the enterprise.

 This article examines the growth conditions of plants and their defense capabilities. The protection of plants from environmental factors that are unfavorable for them, as well as anatomical changes in their bodies, are presented.

This passage highlights the importance of teaching speaking as a core aspect of language education. It emphasizes the unique, interactive nature of speaking compared to other skills, noting its reliance on real-time communication. The text stresses that speaking is vital for success across various life domains—academic, professional, and social—and requires a balanced approach that targets both fluency and accuracy. Moreover, it underlines the essential role speaking plays in second language acquisition, as it enables learners to function effectively in real-life situations.

For any business to be successful, it requires financial stability. Cash flows play a crucial role in ensuring this stability. Cash flows mainly arise from operating activities. This article discusses the concept of cash flows in operating activities, their significance, formation, monitoring, and management.

In the article treasury​ financial stability and efficiency in provision international experience seeing​ Globalization​ and market in the environment dynamic changes​ under the circumstances state funds​ how management necessity and in the treasury management studied . Authors​ by developed in countries treasury​ main functions and tasks analysis , for example , money flow planning and management , capital structure optimization , risks management , banks with each other connections and investors , as well as control and report . Authors current trends and problems , digitization , automation , integration and order to plant such as treasury​ services right​ experiments seeing​ published . In the article treasury​ of the state  strategic finance main element that emphasized management and competitiveness and stable development important factor is considered

Victory Day, commemorated on May 9th, is a day of solemn remembrance and national pride across many countries, particularly those of the former Soviet Union. It marks the victory over Nazi Germany in World War II and honors the immense sacrifice of those who fought and died. The holiday is not just about celebrating a military triumph; it represents the human cost of global conflict, the resilience of nations, and the enduring legacy of those who stood against tyranny. This article delves into the historical significance of Victory Day, recounts stories of bravery, examines how modern society preserves wartime memory, explores the role of education in shaping historical consciousness, and reflects on themes of peace, unity, and patriotism. Together, these elements reveal why May 9th remains a cornerstone of historical identity and moral responsibility for future generations.

 In today's complex geopolitical situation, the formation of a layer of owners occupies a special place in ensuring the stability of society. From this point of view, the concept of the proprietary layer, the study of its political and legal evolution becomes one of the most pressing issues. An important condition for the existence of civil society is the institution of private property. The development of private property creates conditions for the expansion of freedom and constant access to the outside world. Property is an open activity as a material embodiment of the outside world; it expresses the behavior of civil society and its members. The growth trends of the middle social class in developed countries, its role in the development and improvement of civil society and the experience of Western countries in this area are analyzed. The main strategic task of developed countries in the modern period is to achieve a general civil consensus by taking into account and coordinating the interests of various social groups, ensuring civil solidarity aimed at the integration of society. Uzbekistan is also on the path to building a civil society based on a combination of Western, Eastern and national experience. As a result of the implementation of the tasks identified in the "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" on "protecting the right of private property and further strengthening its priority position, stimulating the development of small businesses and private entrepreneurship", the social layer of owners will become a more active force in the country's civil society and will inevitably become an economic pillar.

This article analyzes the existing approaches to the methodology of teaching foreign languages in Uzbekistan and foreign countries. In particular, aspects such as the methodological preparation of teachers, approaches to the lesson process, the use of technological tools, and the creation of a language environment are analyzed in a comparative manner. Also, the possibilities of applying foreign experiences in Uzbekistan based on modern requirements are discussed.

This article analyzes the organizational foundations and practical outcomes of measures taken to protect the rural population of the Uzbek SSR from infectious diseases. It explores the establishment of medical services in rural areas, the implementation of preventive actions, and the development of the sanitary-epidemiological system based on historical sources and archival materials. The article also discusses the positive impact of these efforts on rural health and considers the relevance of this historical experience for the present day.

 The article focus on lesser-known novels like Clergyman's Daughter, it explores the themes of education and societal criticism throughout George Orwell's writings. The author's portrayal of societal structures, class distinctions, and the educational system is a reflection of his own life experiences and professional growth. According to the article, Orwell's writings paint a picture of the British educational system at the start of the 20th century. He made an effort to demonstrate that education is a profitable industry of that time.

 Adult English as a Second Language (ESL) learners face numerous challenges in academic environment, which can obstruct their academic development and long-term consolidation. These obstacles involve cross-linguistic barriers, narrow academic proficiency, cultural misconception, time hindrances due to family or work commitments, sentimental issues, and unfamiliarity with digital and institutional systems. The purpose of this research article is to explore the multifaceted obstacles adult ESL learners face and to propose pedagogical and institutional strategies that promote their academic success. Drawing from current literature and educational theory, the paper underscores the need for culturally sensitive teaching practices, flexible program design, and comprehensive learner support systems.

The advent of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of professional translation, necessitating a critical re-evaluation of established practices, quality metrics, and the very definition of translator competence. This article explores the transformative impact of NMT on the translation industry, focusing specifically on the burgeoning paradigm of Post-Editing Machine Translation (PEMT). It examines how the human translator's role is evolving from primary text producer to skilled editor and quality controller, analyzing the new competencies required and the ethical implications arising from this human-machine interface. Through a discussion of current research and industry trends, this paper argues that effective integration of NMT and PEMT requires a recalibration of translator education, a nuanced understanding of quality, and a robust framework for professional development in an increasingly automated environment.

This article addresses the major challenges faced by university students in developing English writing skills and suggests effective pedagogical methods to overcome them. The study highlights the importance of step-by-step writing, reflective learning, and peer review as essential strategies for improving writing quality. It aims to integrate theoretical and practical aspects to enhance the effectiveness of English language teaching.

This article analyzes the importance, possibilities, and practical application of the use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching the subject of Medical Technology Management. The article discusses how to help create interactive and personalized forms of education through digital technologies and AI, improve teachers' pedagogical approaches, and increase student motivation. It was also noted that for the effective use of technological tools, it is necessary to improve the qualifications of teachers and strengthen the educational infrastructure. The article highlights the importance of modern technologies and artificial intelligence in teaching medical technology management and emphasizes the importance of their integration into the education system.

The current investigation examines how pedagogical video gaming technologies negatively impacts students in pre-service and in-service teachers' growth in their ability to instruct. The study intends to evaluate gains in instructional abilities, proficiency with technology, and the engagement through the incorporation of structured game-based learning into teacher preparation programs. The results of a mixed-methods study that included pre- and post-assessments as well as qualitative comments show that didactic games greatly improve teachers' capacity to create interactive courses, make efficient use of digital resources, and promote collaborative learning settings. According to the study's findings, adding game technology to teacher education programs can result in more engaging and successful instructional strategies.

In the context of growing global competition, a lot of scientific research is being conducted in the world on using the potential of small businesses and private entrepreneurship to ensure competitiveness. Factors determining the potential of small businesses and private entrepreneurship, their impact on the level of competitiveness, opportunities for use in the interests of developing the national economy, improving the mechanism ensuring the competitive advantages of real opportunities and potential of small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the global market, developing alternative business models, introducing effective methods for the development of small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the context of digitalization, while using the achievements of modern science and practice is one of the priority areas of scientific research in this area. Effective implementation of these tasks requires accelerating work to improve the competitiveness of light industry enterprises.

 Evolutionary approaches of scientists to the study of the category “human capital” allow us to state that the formation of the theory of human capital is a process of accumulation of scientific views and theoretical and methodological concepts of the role and place of man in the economy based on the combination and synthesis of various scientific schools, trends, accumulation of ideas of scientists from different times . The formation of the theory occurred gradually under the influence of scientific and technological progress and changes in socio-economic social relations over time.

 This article analyzes the role of digital technologies in the education system, their advantages, practical applications, and existing challenges. It reveals the opportunities to improve, make more interactive, and enhance the efficiency of the learning process through the use of modern technologies in education.

This article explores the poetic perspectives, philosophical essence, and imagery systems of Eastern and Western classical literary figures. It provides a comparative analysis of the spiritual depth of Eastern poetry and the stylistic features of Western classical verse. The works of poets such as Alisher Navoiy, Jami, and Rumi (East) are examined alongside those of Dante, Shakespeare, and Goethe (West). The article aims to highlight the mutual enrichment between Eastern and Western poetic traditions within the framework of global literary discourse.

This article discusses the importance of using foreign experience in teaching the science of "Education", national educational programs in developed countries, the need to train, educate. students as mentally, morally, intellectually, aesthetically and physically full-fledged people, based on the requirements, the times of independent and independent formation in young people are discussed. generation of social skills and qualities necessary for a happy life, eliminating problems and other issues.

 The paper highlights the importance of understanding code-switching and code-mixing in multilingual contexts, challenging deficit perspectives and emphasizing their role in effective communication. Code-switching, the alternation between languages within a conversation, and code-mixing, the incorporation of elements from one language into another, are shown to be common phenomena with significant communicative and social functions. These practices enable speakers to express precise meanings, manage discourse, mark social identities, and negotiate relationships.

 The article analyzes the results of scientific research conducted by local and foreign researchers on the technologies used in the production of towel fabrics.

The application of psychological theories and methods in the educational process helps to improve the individual characteristics, motivation and emotional development of students. Modern psychology also provides teachers with knowledge on how to effectively communicate with students and manage their behavior.

This paper explores how the metacognitive approach and individualized learning strategies contribute to achieving advanced (C1) proficiency in a foreign language. With growing demand for autonomous learners capable of managing their own progress, this study emphasizes the importance of learners’ ability to monitor and regulate their cognitive processes. The paper synthesizes research findings on metacognitive awareness and examines specific learning strategies proven effective for high-level language acquisition. The implications for language instruction and learner autonomy are also discussed.

This article explores the role of shadowing as an educational technology in enhancing oral speaking competence in English teaching. Shadowing is a technique where learners listen to spoken language and simultaneously repeat it, mimicking the speaker’s pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm. The research highlights how this method not only improves fluency and pronunciation but also boosts listening skills and overall language acquisition. By integrating shadowing into English language curricula, educators can provide students with practical tools to develop their speaking abilities in a supportive and engaging environment. The findings suggest that shadowing is an effective strategy for fostering greater confidence and competence in oral communication among English learners.

 This article theoretically studies concepts such as poverty and destitution, primarily in relation to the level of living of the population, the goods they consume, and the standard of living in general. New approaches to solving problems related to the lifestyle of the population, labor relations in an enterprise (organization, firm, company), regulation of labor remuneration, evaluation of employee services, the essence and basic laws of regulating wages and social and labor relations in general are theoretically studied and investigated.