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CRITERIA FOR UNIVERSAL EDUCATION
Senior teacher of the Department of Preschool
and Primary Education Pedagogy,
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Bakhromova Adiba Ismailovna
Abstract:
this article discusses the concept of respect for national values, boundless love for the
native language, correct speech and thinking in this language. National etiquette is the unique
historical heritage, art and literature of nations and peoples, as well as their customs and rituals,
cultural attitudes and moral qualities, as well as spiritual values.
Keywords:
national, native language, values, moral qualities, historical heritage, sa,at, literature,
tradition
Introduction
Our state is steadily moving along its path of development. This path is the path of
restoring, preserving, and developing national characteristics and values, awakening our national
pride, and achieving perfection on the basis of a philosophy based on patriotism and universal
human values. This, in turn, has made it an urgent task to transform qualities directly related to
the entire national character of a person, such as national decency, national beliefs, and faith,
which could not be studied in the former Soviet theory of education, into the personal qualities of
the younger generation. Thus, a new pedagogical direction was born that includes the formation
of the above qualities. Indeed, national education is the pedagogical goal and condition of the
national independence of Uzbekistan. National education serves to strengthen and educate
children who are ready to realize the state independence of Uzbekistan. Achieving this goal has
its own theoretical problems.
One of them is the lack of the basic principles and scientific concepts of the theory of national
education. The second problem is the issue of obtaining concrete empirically based answers to
the question: “What qualities should children who are ready to implement and strengthen the
independence of Uzbekistan have?” All this creates the need to scientifically substantiate the
criteria for national independence education in Uzbek schools. The criteria for national education
of students in Uzbek schools are determined based on the principle of instilling the qualities
directly related to the nationality of a person, which have become even more relevant due to
independence. When determining the criteria for national education, it is necessary to develop
positive qualities that are the social order of independent Uzbekistan: national pride, patriotism,
culture of interethnic dialogue, national decency, conscientiousness, faith and belief, and
ideological consciousness of national independence. It is necessary to instill hatred for their
opposite negative qualities: national indifference, patriotism, betrayal, greed, nationalism,
localism, dishonesty, lack of ideology, etc. The teacher-educator should take these 9 things into
account as a special criterion. When determining the criteria for national education, the age and
mental capabilities of students are taken into account. Below is an approximate example of what
the indicators and criteria for national education of a primary school student would be.
Uzbekistan - My Homeland.
Understanding the natural, spiritual, geographical and national characteristics of Uzbekistan;
having an understanding of the past, present and future of the country; knowing the merits of the
heroic children of Uzbekistan and the Uzbek people; knowing the state symbols of Uzbekistan.
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The foundations of national pride. Understanding one's belonging to the Uzbek nation;
understanding the cultural essence of the concept of "Uzbek people", recognizing oneself as a
child of one's nation and understanding national duties; boundless love for one's native language,
speaking and thinking correctly in this language. National etiquette. Greeting first, then starting a
speech; knowing the patterns of behavior that are considered "good" and "bad" among the Uzbek
people, treating everyone as "you", respecting those older and younger than oneself, knowing the
duties of friendship; Respect for teachers, negative attitude towards swearing, swearing, and
rudeness. Conscientiousness. Before starting a task, thinking and thinking, "What will people say
about this knowledge?", honesty, understanding the differences between good behavior and bad
behavior, expressing a positive attitude towards good behavior and a negative attitude towards
bad behavior, learning to speak your mind openly.
The concept of national spiritual values, its definition and description. The concept of "value" is
a very broad concept, part of which is spiritual values. National-spiritual values
include social phenomena concentrated at the intersection of the concepts of
"nationality", "spirituality" and "value". The concept of "national spiritual values" can be defined
as follows: Spiritual wealth, actions and principles, ideas and norms that are necessary and
significant for representatives of a particular nation, serve its interests and goals, are national
spiritual values. Each nation has its own spiritual wealth that is dear and valuable to it. These are
masterpieces that have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries, have not
lost their significance and value even today, and have become a source of pride for this nation.
For example, the Kyrgyz people are rightfully proud of the epic poem "Manas", the Egyptians of
the ancient pyramids, the French of the Louvre in Paris, and the Uzbeks of Samarkand, Bukhara,
and Khiva.
Along with the unique historical heritage, art and literature of nations and peoples, their customs
and rituals, cultural attitudes and moral qualities are also included in the system of spiritual
values. They play an important role in preserving the identity of the people, in educating the
younger generation, and in the socialization of the individual. National values serve as
a kind of criterion in the daily life and lifestyle of the people. Through these values, various
phenomena and situations, newly emerging types of activity and customs are evaluated. The life
goals of the younger generation, their ideas about the "hero of the time" are also formed based on
spiritual values. In the objective understanding of the national idea, knowledge of the world of
values and spirituality and its practical study are of great importance. The essence and
significance of each value is determined on the basis of knowledge of phenomena of nature,
society and the spiritual world, scientific generalization, and the ability to influence social and
spiritual development. Types of values:
1. Values associated with the material environment in which a person lives.
2. Moral values reflected in traditions, customs and rituals.
3. Values reflected in the skills and abilities, knowledge and experience, abilities and
talents of a person formed on the basis of his intellect and practical activity.
4. Values that are manifested in relationships between people based on community,
goodwill, and solidarity.
5. Values associated with the age, profession, gender, and racial characteristics of people.
Values can be studied in various forms and types:
1. Universal values.
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2. Regional values.
3. National values.
4. Religious values.
The inextricable link between the national idea and spiritual values. National spiritual values
are a factor in improving positive moral qualities and eliminating negative vices that hinder
the development of the state and nation. There is an inextricable link and interaction between the
national idea and spiritual values, which is expressed in the following:
1. National values serve as a spiritual basis and source for the national idea.
2. The national idea is a factor in enriching values, raising them to a higher level, and instilling
national values in the minds and hearts of people.
3. The national idea evaluates existing spiritual values from the perspective of the
fundamental interests of the people, acts as a spiritual criterion for developing positive aspects
and negating negative situations.
Spirituality, values, and the national idea are very complex and multifaceted, interconnected
spheres of social life. In the life of an individual, in the development of humanity in general, in
certain periods of the development of a nation and state, spirituality and the national idea emerge
as the most relevant, decisive factor. Thus, there are various forms of values: material and
spiritual, national, regional, universal values, according to the spheres of social life: economic,
social, political, cultural, values, moral, religious, legal, and other values corresponding to
the forms of social consciousness. Material values are the means of manifestation of real
values (for example, various objects necessary in life). The history of mankind is the history
of the expansion, enrichment, and improvement of the world of values that serve it, that it
has created, relies on, and supports.
Humanity lives in a world of artificial things that it creates with its daily labor. The crown and
core of this world of material and spiritual wealth that we create are values. Values and
value criteria based on the national idea serve people to regulate and correctly direct their
behavior. The effectiveness of such a unique management depends on the knowledge of our
people about the world of values associated with the national idea. Nowadays, the
democratic principles of life in advanced countries are also evaluated by how high they raise
human values. The essence of fundamental changes and reforms in our country also stems from
this principle.
In implementing this principle, the formation of a new worldview based on the harmony of
national and universal values, the formation of a healthy mindset is of great importance. The
development of independence, spiritual and moral values, awakening and restoration of the
national spirit of the people based on the national idea are important conditions and guarantees of
sustainable development of society. President Islam Karimov, in his work “Uzbekistan on the
threshold of the 21st century: threats to security, conditions for stability and guarantees of
development”, provided detailed information on the revival of spiritual values and
national identity associated with the national idea. The cultural values and spiritual
heritage of the people have served as a powerful source of spirituality for the peoples of the East
for thousands of years. Despite the totalitarian yoke for many years, the cultural values
and traditions of the Uzbek people have been preserved.
Since the first years of independence, our invaluable spiritual and cultural heritage, created by
our ancestors over many centuries, has been one of the important tasks of state policy. The
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revival of spiritual values, the realization of national identity took place in difficult conditions -
in an environment where the old imperial system collapsed and new social relations were being
established. In the early days, despite more than a century of totalitarian rule, spirituality based
on the national idea passed as "Negative-Negative". The very denial of the values of
the previous system posed the risk of political and cultural extremism. Also, a chaotic return can
lead to a denial of the need to renew society. In the process of this denial, an extremist
opposition arises. It can be an opposition to spirituality.
Militant nationalism, religious intolerance and hatred of everything that is not "one's own" are
viewed with contempt. Therefore, taking into account all these aspects, it is necessary to develop
and implement positive, creative, complementary political, economic and cultural programs of
spiritual revival. Understanding national identity begins precisely with the assimilation of
spiritual values, the study of the history and cultural heritage of one's people, a clear vision of
their current state and future prospects. National spiritual values have a centuries-old
history. An analysis of historical monuments, cultural monuments or traditions and rituals in
Uzbekistan shows that their emergence dates back to very ancient times.
For example, the Avesta, written in gold letters on 12,000 ox hides 2,700 years ago, undoubtedly
required at least several thousand years of experience and wisdom to emerge. This work has not
lost its value even today, as it was created as a result of high cultural life, philosophy and science,
the development of hospitality and hospitality. As time passes, national spiritual values also
change, develop, renew, and enrich. Norms and requirements that no longer correspond to the
spirit of the times and the requirements of progress are rejected. New ideas and approaches,
virtues and customs come into life.
In order to study and analyze educational methods, use them in the pedagogical process,
and facilitate the acquisition of skills and qualifications, we can conditionally divide them into
several groups:
-Methods that form social consciousness.
-Methods that educate oneself.
-Methods of encouragement.
-Methods of punishment
Conclusion It is advisable to take into account the age characteristics of the students in the
process of upbringing. Age characteristics are anatomical, physiological (physical) and
psychological characteristics inherent in a certain age period. For example, a sense of
responsibility can be formed in students studying in primary education, secondary education and
secondary specialized, vocational education institutions. However, different methods are used at
each stage to form this quality.
Educational methods imply an individual approach to each student, to a group of students of
different ages. Thus, in the process of upbringing, a set of forms of influence by the teacher,
taking into account the age and individual characteristics of students, their level of upbringing,
and the nature of the pedagogical situation, in order to solve any educational problem in the
interests of an individual student or a class team, is called an educational method.
Education is a very complex process, reflecting the socio-political life of each era. Its methods,
means and factors are formed and improved over the centuries, and proven customs become
traditions. Consequently, in education, each nation's own customs, methods, historically formed
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and tested worldview become educational tools, therefore, education should not be disconnected
from its national and historical basis.
List of used literature
1. Mirziyoyev Sh. New Uzbekistan Development Strategy. – Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2022. –
P.261.
2. Nazarov Q., Tokhtayev Kh. Axiology: Philosophy of Values. – Tashkent: University, 2022.
3. Muminov I.M. Fragments from the History of Natural-Scientific and Socio-Philosophical
Thought in Uzbekistan
(From the Beginning of the 20th-21st Centuries). – T.: Science, 1999.
4. Ahmad Yassaviy Hikmatlar. – Tashkent, 1991. – P. 51.
5. Muminov A.G. «Leading Tendencies in the Development of Cultural and Spiritual Identity of
the
Peoples of Uzbekistan» Journal: Scienceweb Academic Papers Collection, 2020, No. 1, P. 5525-
5538
6. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures for the
effective establishment of the Institute of Social and Spiritual Research under the Republican
Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment”. www.lex,uz.
7. Mirziyoyev Sh. Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Oliy Majlis. -
Tashkent, 2018. – P. 9-20.
8. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev “On the establishment
of the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan”. https://lex.uz/acts/-
3431985
