№ 5 (2025) Journal of Applied Science and Social Science

The article focuses on the issue of evaluating syntaxemas belonging to the syntactic level of the Uzbek language from a new system-theoretical aspect and approaching it based on the theory of valence. The idea is that the expandability of linguistic units is related not only to their semantic possibilities, but also to their grammatical forms. It is explained that in a given speech situation, only one of the paradigmatic rows that can enter into syntagmatic relations with each other can enter into syntagmatic relations with one of the members of another row.

This article explores the methodology of teaching oratory skills to primary school students through the development of speech culture. Emphasizing the importance of early language formation, the study outlines strategies such as creating a rich linguistic environment, encouraging active participation, integrating emotional and ethical education, and using interdisciplinary and technological tools. The goal is to help young learners express themselves clearly, confidently, and meaningfully, laying a foundation for effective public speaking and communication.

This article discusses the importance of developing both professional competence and creativity among preschool education teachers. It highlights the multifaceted nature of professional skills required in early childhood education, including pedagogical knowledge, emotional intelligence, and the ability to foster child development through innovative methods. The article emphasizes the need for continuous professional development, creative autonomy, and institutional support to ensure that educators not only meet curricular demands but also inspire and guide young learners in imaginative and meaningful ways.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for introducing folklore genres in primary school education. Emphasis is placed on the cultural, developmental, and educational significance of folklore for children. The study explores how folklore supports cognitive and emotional growth, enhances language skills, and fosters national identity. Methodological approaches for effectively teaching these genres in early education are discussed, including storytelling techniques, interactive activities, and interdisciplinary integration.

This article explores the educational philosophy of Abdulla Avloniy, a prominent Uzbek educator, and its role in fostering healthy thinking among schoolchildren. Drawing upon Avloniy’s literary and pedagogical works, the article highlights how his integration of moral education, secular sciences, and active learning cultivates intellectual, ethical, and emotional development. The study emphasizes that a well-rounded approach—combining physical health, moral values, and intellectual curiosity—is essential for shaping healthy and independent thinkers in early education.

The article examines the formation and evolution of approaches to the study of the socio-ecological space of the urban environment, with an emphasis on the realities and urban processes taking place in Uzbekistan. The development of scientific thought is analyzed - from classical concepts of interaction between society and nature to modern studies highlighting the impact of urbanization on the environmental and social well-being of the population. Particular attention is paid to the Soviet legacy in urban development policy, as well as modern initiatives aimed at creating a sustainable and ecologically balanced urban environment in Uzbekistan. The challenges and prospects of eco-social transformation in the context of growing urbanization, climate change and social demands of the population are reflected.

This article analyzes the policy implemented in Uzbekistan in the early years of Soviet power on the preservation and protection of material and cultural monuments. The author emphasizes that despite the coming to power of the Bolsheviks in Turkestan and the adoption of documents such as the "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia", the national and spiritual values ​​of the local population were practically destroyed. The article discusses the organizations created under the People's Commissariat of Education to protect museums and monuments, as well as decrees aimed at transferring material assets to the state treasury, including the decree "On Land" and its impact on endowment properties.

The Soviet government's decree "On the Separation of Church from State and School from Church", aimed at restricting religion, and its impact on cultural institutions is also analyzed. The article discusses in detail the establishment of the Turkestan People's Museum, its activities, as well as documents and measures adopted on the registration, accounting and protection of cultural monuments. The author particularly noted the role of archaeological excavations in Turkestan, the establishment of new scientific institutions, in particular, the Turkestan Oriental Institute and the Art Research Institute.

This article highlights the importance of using innovative technologies in the teaching of the native language, their effective implementation, and their role in developing students' speech activity. Through innovative approaches, students’ interest in the subject increases, and the quality of education improves.

Today, primary education is the main element of education. In primary education, teaching students works containing folklore develops their horizons and worldview. This article will focus on the system of teaching works in which folklore is imbued in reading literacy lessons in elementary grades.

This article explores the effective integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in English language teaching (ELT). With the rapid development of AI-based tools, language instruction has undergone significant transformation. The paper presents the theoretical foundations of AI-assisted teaching, current trends, challenges, and pedagogical benefits. Recommendations for implementing AI in classrooms and online environments are also discussed.

This article analyzes effective methods of teaching chemistry based on innovative approaches. The role of STEM integration, project-based activities, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), gamification, and the flipped classroom method in improving the quality of education is highlighted. It is proven that these methods increase students' interest in the subject, develop independent thinking, practical experimentation, and teamwork skills. Practical results were obtained through experiments, surveys, and observation methods during the study, based on which recommendations were developed.

Proverbs are succinct, metaphorical expressions of collective cultural wisdom that endure across genres and eras.  This study examines the pragmatic functions of proverbs in English by examining their use in three distinct written genres: news articles, literary fiction, and social media posts.  From a balanced dataset of real-world texts, over 400 instances of proverbs were identified and coded using a qualitative corpus-based approach.  The results indicate that proverbs' functions—including persuasion, evaluation, amusement, and social alignment—differ substantially across genres, despite their consistent form.  Proverbs are frequently used in news articles to reinforce arguments or provide moral commentary. In fiction, they are used to reflect interpersonal dynamics and develop characters. On social media, they are frequently recontextualized for the purpose of irony, humor, or identity performance.  These findings verify that proverbs are not only conventional expressions, but also dynamic instruments for rhetorical and social discussions.  The research makes a valuable contribution to the disciplines of pragmatics, discourse analysis, and corpus linguistics by providing a deeper understanding of how figurative language is able to adapt to the communicative objectives of a particular genre.

This article analyzes the terms “creativity”, “competency” and comments on aspects that should be emphasized in the deelopment of creativity in students and young people.

This article analyzes the formation, development, and current stage of historical, diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Official mutual visits, trade and economic relations, technological cooperation, and exchanges in healthcare, education, and culture play an important role in strengthening bilateral cooperation. The article also examines Uzbekistan’s foreign policy directions within the framework of strategic partnership with Korea, joint projects, and the role of the Korean diaspora in the socio-political life of the country. This paper highlights the prospects of Uzbekistan–Korea relations and their importance for regional stability.

 This article presents a scientific analysis of the influence of the physical and chemical properties of rice husk, derived from locally cultivated rice varieties, on the separation process. During the research, the density, size, moisture content, and silica composition of the husk from several rice varieties were determined, and their impact on separation technology was assessed. The results show that husks with higher density and greater silica content require high-velocity airflow or vibration-based separation methods. The article provides formulas, physical models, and technological parameters aimed at increasing separation efficiency based on the morphological characteristics of the husk. It is also substantiated that universal machines are not suitable for all varieties, and the development of combined and automated separation systems is essential. The research findings offer practical recommendations for optimizing rice cleaning technologies and improving the design of relevant equipment.

x

this article briefly talks about the organization and conduct of cross-country running processes and issues related to this process. 

 this article briefly talks about issues related to the creation of clothes that are considered ugly to a person, the development processes of ulra and the assortment and classification of clothing. 

this article briefly discusses the history of the creation of the relay, which is considered the main part of the elector rueilms, and general concepts about it. 

This XII century in the article late 13th century first in the middle living creativity " Akbariya " order​​ The founder was Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi . life way In his scientific information on the development of Sufi enlightenment , he explains the essence of Sufism, concepts such as truth, existence, and man, based on various wisdoms. philosophical research made .

This article explores the multifaceted role of algae in biotechnology, highlighting their applications in biofuel production, nutrition, pharmaceuticals, environmental management, and agriculture. It discusses the advantages of algae as a sustainable resource due to their rapid growth, high biomass yield, and rich biochemical composition. The article also examines future prospects, including advances in genetic engineering, scalable cultivation technologies, and expanding market applications. Challenges facing commercial-scale utilization are addressed, emphasizing the need for continued research and innovation. Overall, algae are presented as a promising component of sustainable biotechnological solutions to global environmental and economic challenges.

This article explores the essential role of mathematics in the effective teaching and learning of informatics. It highlights how mathematical thinking, logic, and problem-solving skills form the foundation of many informatics concepts such as algorithms, programming, data structures, and computational theory. The integration of mathematical methods enhances students’ ability to understand abstract concepts and develop structured approaches to coding and system analysis. Furthermore, the paper discusses the pedagogical value of using mathematics as a tool to foster analytical thinking and digital literacy in students studying informatics. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary connections and the importance of a solid mathematical background for future professionals in the field of computer science and IT.

This article investigates the enhancement of Uzbek-English neural machine translation (NMT) by leveraging domain-specific BERT pretraining. Due to the low-resource nature and morphological complexity of Uzbek, standard NMT models often struggle with domain-specific terminology and contextual nuances. By pretraining BERT models on monolingual corpora tailored to general, medical, and legal domains, and integrating them into a transformer-based NMT framework, the study achieves significant improvements in translation quality. Results demonstrate that domain-specific pretraining notably outperforms general pretraining and baseline models, highlighting its effectiveness for specialized translations in low-resource language pairs.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most critical global health threats of the 21st century. This phenomenon not only compromises the efficacy of life-saving drugs but also challenges modern medical practices such as surgery, organ transplantation, and chemotherapy. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and agriculture, along with inadequate infection control measures, have accelerated the spread of resistant pathogens. This article reviews the biological mechanisms behind resistance, its global epidemiological trends, and the wide-ranging consequences for public health, economy, and clinical outcomes. Strategic interventions — including antimicrobial stewardship, development of novel therapeutics, surveillance systems, and international policy coordination — are analyzed as potential responses to this looming crisis.