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871
GRAMMATICAL CONTEXTS OF MAF‘UL LAHU USAGE IN SENTENCE
CONSTRUCTION
Isamutdinov Azizbek
Senior Lecturer, Department of Oriental Languages,
Oriental University
Annotation:
This thesis analyzes in detail one of the important syntactic units in
Arabic linguistics – mafʼul lahu (i.e. mafʼul li-ajlihi). First, it is compared with
mafʼul bihi in terms of its similarity – being presented in the accusative case
(possessive case). However, the author deeply analyzes the fundamental differences
between mafʼul lahu and mafʼul bihi and reveals the criteria for distinguishing them.
The thesis, based on the explanations of the famous grammarian Mustafa
Ghalayyini, discusses the definition of mafʼul lahu, its meaning, and its formal
features. In particular, it is emphasized that mafʼul lahu is a passive infinitive
indicating the cause of action, and it must be in common with the action being
performed in terms of possessiveness and tense..
Key words:
mafʼul lahu, mafʼul li-ajlihi, sintaxsis, accusative case, cause of action,
infinitive and verb, possessive and tense combination, arabic grammar, nahw
science.
The similarity of maful lahu to maful bih is that it occurs in the accusative case.
However, if we look at the definition given to it, many aspects that can distinguish
it from maful bih become clear. Mustafa Ghalayyini extensively comments on
maful lahu and states the following: هل لوعفملا – this is also called هلجل لوعفملا and
هلج نم لوعفملا, which is the action noun of a verb that is used to express the cause of
action and is possessive and temporally common with the action, and expresses
internal feelings (infinitive) such as ملعلا يف ةًبغر تبرتغا – I traveled to foreign lands
because I was interested in knowledge. In this case, the word ًبغر – “desire” is the
infinitive (action noun) of the verb that denotes the inner feelings (the infinitive of
the soul) that indicate the reason for being in exile. Because the reason for being in
exile is the desire for knowledge, in this sentence, the action and the word “desire”
that is the reason for this action are the same intense and possessor, that is, the
speaker.
The word “mental infinitive” refers to the infinitive of a verb that is based on
internal feelings, such as “to glorify, to humiliate, to fear, to dare, to be shy, to
have compassion, to know, to not know, etc”. This also includes external feelings,
such as “to read, to write, to sit, to stand, to stop, to walk, to sleep, to wake up, etc”.
Therefore, there are five conditions for a maf’ul lahu to be in the accusative case. If
any of these conditions is not present, it cannot be presented in the accusative case.
Volume 15 Issue 06, June 2025
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The conditions are as follows:
1) It must be an infinitive (noun). If a maf’ul lahu is not expressed by an infinitive,
then it cannot be presented in the accusative case, for example: مِانلل اهعضو ضَرلا و
10:نمحرلا.
2) The infinitive (noun) must be mental. If the maf'ul lahu is not expressed by a
conditional infinitive, it will not be in the accusative case, for example, ةءارقلل ئج.
3-4) The infinitive must be in common with the action and the possessive in terms
of tense, that is, the tense of the action and the infinitive and their possessive must
be the same. If these aspects of the infinitive and the action are not the same, then
the infinitive, which is the function of the infinitive, cannot be presented in the
accusative case, for example, ملعلل ترفاص – I traveled to learn. In this case, the verb
“travel” is an action that occurs in the past tense, and “learn” is an action that
occurs in the future tense. ملعلا كميظعتل كتببحأ – I also loved you because you glorified
knowledge. In this case, the possessor of the verb “love” is the first person, that is,
the speaker, and the possessor of “glorify” is the second person, that is, the listener.
The meaning of saying that the tense must be the same is that the action must occur
in a part of the tense of the action that the infinitive denotes, for example, ةابح تئج
ملعلل – I came because I loved knowledge; or the beginning of the action must
coincide with the end of the tense indicated by the infinitive, for example, هتكسما
هرارف نم ةافوخ – I caught him for fear of him escaping, or the opposite should be true,
that is, the end of the action must coincide with the end of the tense indicated by
the infinitive, for example هل ةاحلسإ هتبدّا – I disciplined him to correct his behavior.
5) This infinitive must be the cause of the action and answer the question why?, for
example: ملعلا يف ةًبغر تئج – I came because I wanted to learn.
If none of these conditions are met, the infinitive must be conjugated with one of
the prepositions indicating the cause, for example, ًباتكلل تئج – I came to write
.
The conditions listed above are the main signs that a word in the accusative case is
a maf’ul lahu.
Reference
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419.ص .2007.رصم.ًيبرعلا سوردلا عماج ينييلغ يفطصم خيشلا
2.
Sultanbek Boltaboev, (2025). Types and Classification of Adverbs of Place and
Time in Arabic. European International Journal of Philological Sciences, 5(04), 27–32.
.419
.ص .
2007
.رصم.ةيبرعلا سوردلا عماج ينييلا يفطصم خيشلا
1
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3.
Sidiqova Ma’mura, (2024). ANALYSIS OF THE LEXICAL AND
TERMINOLOGICAL MEANINGS OF TERMS RELATED TO TRADE IN ISLAMIC
LAW. The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations, 6(12), 263–267.
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Musayev, F. (2024). KUNYA-EASTERN TRADITION. MODERN PROBLEMS
IN EDUCATION AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, 1(3), 41-42.
