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ANALYSIS OF VERBS USED IN THE POEM "SAMANDAR" BY POET SHAMS
Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni
Student of the Uzbek language and language teaching department
Madaminova Mahfuza Muzaffar’s daughter
Annotation:
This article discusses the verbs used in the poem "Samandar" by poet Shams and
the types used according to their structure. The article describes the functions of lexemes related
to the verb word class in the poem and how they acquired meaning.
Keywords:
verb of action, verb of state, transitive verb, intransitive verb, category of relation,
participle-inparticiple, inclination.
1. Introduction.
Verb and its UGM. VGM of the verb - "to express action and state as a
process". State expression is also characteristic of other word classes. However, in the verb it is
in the form of a transition from one tone to another.
For example, in the sentence Darakhtlar yam-yashil, the adjective-declension (yam-yashil)
expresses a stable state. In the sentence Darakhtlar ko 'kardi, the state occurs as a process, in the
form of a transition from one tone to another. Although all actions occur in connection with time,
the tense in them may not be expressed in the sentence. The verb in the sentence Darakhtlar ko
'kardi has a linguistic expression of time. However, in the verb in the sentence İnğa gordi, such a
feature is not linguistically realized. Verbs in the Uzbek language have two main groups
according to their lexical-grammatical properties: a) independent verb; b) non-independent verb.
The following properties are characteristic of an independent verb: 1) it expresses an action
based on a lexical meaning and therefore acts as a part of speech; 2) it controls a word (the book
is read) or is controlled by a word (the book is read); 3) it is divided into two types according to
the relation of the action to the object: a) transitive verb; b) intransitive verb. The action
expressed by a transitive verb is associated with the concept of an object, and in this case the
word expressing the object is in the singular accusative case.
An intransitive verb does not have this property: [cry], lux/a], [cevin]. Intransitivity can be both
linguistic in nature and formed by means of grammatical form. For example, in the verbs [uyla],
[yig'la], [bor], [ket], [kel], the meaning of intransitivity is understood from the root of the verb
and is of a linguistic nature. Intransitivity in the verbs [yuvinmoq], [sevinmoq], [burilmoq],
[kirilmoq] is formed by means of a speech, grammatical means. (This is discussed in the topic
"Category of Relation"); 4) the action expressed by the verb is an objective phenomenon of
existence, and a person, a speaker, directly participates in expressing it in language. In the action
expressed in language, therefore, there is also a human attitude. This relationship is called verb
mood; 5) the action can be real or unreal. Accordingly, participial and intransitive verbs are
distinguished; 6) any action is also associated with the doer. The doer can be definite, indefinite,
one or more. The description of the action from the point of view of the relationship to the doer
is called verb relations; 7) the action can be associated with time. Logically, there is no action
outside of time. In the verb mentioned above (to go), time is not directly expressed. But if we
take it in a sentence (it is necessary to go to work), it is logically understood that it is an action
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that will occur in the future tense. Therefore, any verb expresses either grammatical or logical
tense. Since we are studying language construction, grammatical tense is important for us.
Therefore, we distinguish between a tense and an infinitive verb; 8) as mentioned, in existence,
action is certainly associated with the doer. However, its expression in language may not have a
grammatical person. For example, in the sentence Halim keldi there is a grammatical person. It is
expressed in the form of a clause. However, although the device Halim kelgach has a logical
person, it does not have its own expression. Because even if the device takes the form of men
kelgach, sen ke/gach, it remains unclear which person the doer is in in the word form (kelgach).
(Halint), (men), (sen) are logical doers, not grammatical. This requires distinguishing between
the inflected and uninflected verbs in speech. It is necessary to be able to sharply distinguish
between the logical and grammatical aspects of language. Mixing them up leads to confusion and
hinders understanding of the essence. An independent verb does not have the meaning of a direct
lexical expressive action. For example, decided, 0 'qıq şeydı, özgərəsəl An auxiliary verb forms a
new lexical unit - it makes a word, an auxiliary verb is part of the form of the action mode and
imparts its lexical meaning to speech - it modifies it, and an incomplete verb indicates the tense
of a verb and a non-verb word.
The verb of action expresses the movement of animate and inanimate objects. They can be in the
form of walking, touching, hitting. In the movement related to the hand, foot, face, mouth, div,
the moving object is clearly visible. The verb expressing the movement related to the foot:
[walk].
2. Methodology
. In the verb, as in other categories, word forms are not-shaped, synthetic,
synthetic-analytical, and repetitive. In speech, the part of the verb that is devoid of its
grammatical form (except for the zero indicator) always expresses the future tense, imperative
mood, definite article, second person, singular meaning: (bor), (kel) , (0 'ql) , (yoz) , (sev) , (ayt) ,
(ish on) . Such word forms are called zero-shaped. As mentioned above, the issue of zero-shaped
is one of the problems awaiting its solution in Uzbek linguistics. A verb whose grammatical
form is in the subjunctive is called a synthetic-shaped word form: (0 'qiyman) , (bordim),
(kelyakum), (yozayotirman), (shoshib), (kelgach), (kelgan) . In this case, the grammatical form is
"attached" to the verb stem. When verbs are formed with an independent verb, they are of course
in a synthetic-analytical form. For example, (0 'qib chiqd,), (ayta basladl), (borgan geken). Since
both the "attached,> and the "separated" grammatical form constitute a whole, it is referred to as
a synthetic-analytical form. It is not entirely correct to call repeated forms only repeated.
Because in this case the repeated verb first enters the form of a synthetic form, and then turns
into a repeated form. Example: he got tired by saying, he ran and ran and ran, etc. In this case,
the repeating verb takes the form of a relative, modifier, and interjection and is repeated after
that. In some sources, the paired SO form of the verb is also distinguished, and examples of the
type (aytdi-qo 'ydl), (tashshirdi-qo 'ydl) are included. This cannot be added. Because only if both
of the paired verbs are independent and a new grammatical meaning is read from their pairing, it
would be a basis for calling it a pair of word forms. In this case, the second part of the pair serves
only to express grammatical meaning as an auxiliary verb. Verbs act as different parts of speech
depending on the grammatical form in which they are used. For example: when used in one of
the forms belonging to the mood, tense, person-number paradigm - as an interjection; in the
forms of adjectives, adverbs - as a determiner, case; In the form of a noun, it comes in functions
specific to nouns.
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3. Result.
If we analyze the verbs used in the poem into meaning groups:
a) examples of verbs of action:
If you don't come, even if a thousand candles burn,
You are like a lamp in a ruined hut ("Samandar" poem, page 130).
If I go to your door with a wish,
Who gives me my life, there is no other expense (Devon, page 129).
From the stage of mourning, the beautiful winter slowly showed itself,
This winter of the night walks with dignity and pride (Devon, page 123).
b) examples of verbs of thought:
Although the pen does not know how to change from the moan of the emigrant,
Until your death, I am a candle in a dungeon (Devon, page 130).
My life has passed without understanding your every word, Love,
The world does not know your precious essence, Love (Devon, p. 128).
I forgot myself in the passion of your horse,
Am I not perfect in the world, my friend? (Devon, p. 124)
There is no purpose in being happy, a sad wheel like me,
Who, when will I ever find Layla and Majnun in my heart (Devon, p. 121).
Your peace is not small in the midst of the world,
Your sorrow is a thorn, do not think, it is not a flirtation (Devon, p. 118)
d) Examples of verbs of state:
If I want to see the tip of your lip,
This kind is small, but not in blood (Devon, p. 127).
The poet was looking for his vassal,
Because words are a waste to the people of the word (Devon, p. 119).
e) Examples of verbs of speech:
They say that the world's sustenance comes with your efforts,
If you don't pour out all you have, the earth's throat will freeze (Devon, p. 123).
If I reveal my secret, my heart will express my love,
Will the earth be without hope when its chest is torn open? (Devon, p. 120)
4. Conclusion.
In conclusion, it is worth saying that the incorporation of almost all types of
verbs and their meanings into the content of the verses testifies to the skill of this creator. The
meanings of verbs served to express the inner experiences of people.
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List of used literature:
1. R. Sayfullayeva. B. Mengliyev and others. Current Uzbek literary language. Textbook. T.:
"Science and Technology", 2009. pp. 120-122.
2. Poet Shams. "Samandar" devon. – Urgench: "Kuvonchbek-Mashhura" LLC, 2019.
3. wikipedia. uz.
