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“PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE”
Abdurasulov Abdullo Rustam ugli
Leytenant
T and MIBO of the platoon commander of military unit 28803
Abstract:
This article is intended to study the changes in the lives of young people undergoing
military service in early adolescence, aged 15-18, the analysis of the age-related development of
emotions, and problems in the development process.
Keywords:
Emotional stress, early adolescence, emotional upsurge, stress, defense mechanism,
future.
The period of early adolescence includes 15-18 years of age (students of grades IX-XI). During
this period, the student becomes physically strong, after graduation, can work independently, has
the opportunity to test himself in higher education, and achieves spiritual maturity. All this
creates all the conditions for the teenager to grow up socially as a citizen, find his place in life,
decide his own destiny and grow spiritually as a mature person. The personality of the early
teenager begins to take shape under the influence of a completely new position in social life, in
the school community, in relationships with peers, and under the influence of changes in study
and living conditions. Another feature of this period is that work and educational activities
acquire equal importance. Under the influence of existing conditions, specific changes, new traits
and qualities appear in the mental and moral growth of adolescents.
Today, the reforms that are actively being implemented in many areas in our country are largely
yielding initial positive results. In particular, the status and well-being of military personnel are
increasing, and the combat readiness of the troops is improving. However, along with the
positive results, a wide range of unresolved problems remain. One of them is the lack of
sufficient attention to the initial stage of being in the army environment, in particular, the
specifics of the formation of the psychological readiness of young soldiers for military service.
Army reality places special demands on the personal qualities of military personnel who begin
their service in the Armed Forces.
This is due to the new quality of communicative interaction, a change in the status of the
existential position, separation from loved ones, a sharp change in the rhythm of physiological
activity, a state of uncertainty, a negative perception of the near future. As a result, the flow of
control and regulatory functions of consciousness is disrupted, which can manifest itself in the
form of a weakening of attention, memory, thinking, rigidity of actions, loss of purpose, a
decrease in activity, a diffuse emotional background, negative emotions. In this regard, the
question arises of the need for a set of measures aimed at training military personnel in methods
of controlling and neutralizing negative emotions that disrupt the process of forming
psychological readiness for military service.
The cognitive processes of early adolescents become more complex and flexible. They try to
devote as much of their time as possible to serious work. Their cognitive processes begin to
improve and develop. They begin to think more logically about things, which indicates that their
thinking is developed and their speech and memory are also developed. That is why they express
their independent opinion in the learning process and in society. They are able to find the right
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solution by looking at the same issue from different points of view. In the development of
memory, the role of understanding and remembering the meaning of abstract words, logic, and
memory increases significantly. Although voluntary memory prevails, involuntary memory also
does not disappear from the experience of early adolescents. It acquires only its own specific
character, that is, it depends on individual characteristics. Early adolescents are more connected
with their interests, in particular, their interests related to knowledge and the choice of profession.
At the same time, voluntary memory plays a leading role in active knowledge acquisition,
reading, and social activities.
One of the classifications that comprehensively covers all periods of human life is the scheme
adopted by the decision of scientists from all over the world at a special symposium of the
Academy of Sciences in 1965. It is presented in Table 7 below. It is close to the classification
proposed by B.G. Ananev and the foreign scientist Birren, and is a generalized categorization.
Table 1
Indicators of the formation of volitional qualities in early childhood and their impact on self-
control
o‘z-o‘zini boshqarishga ta’sri ko‘rsatkichlari
Age
period
High
Medium
Low
formation Self-
control
formation
Impact
on
self-
management
Shapedness
Impact
on
self-
management
15-16
44%
42%
30%
34%
26%
24%
17-18
46%
44%
31%
36%
23%
20%
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Looking at the analysis of the indicators according to the results of the table and diagram, it
turned out that the group of test subjects had a high indicator of willpower: 44% (15-16 years
old), 46% (17-18), and the impact on self-control: 42%, 44%. This is reflected in their ability to
show perseverance in overcoming any difficulties. In particular, if we look at their results,
willpower is associated with the age and individual psychological characteristics of the
individual. It is worth noting that a high level of willpower also contributes to the development
of volitional qualities. It was also found that 30% (15-16 years old) and 31% (17-18 years old) of
the participants had an average indicator. This is explained by the fact that their willpower is
manifested depending on the situation. This situation is closely related to students' appropriate
and situational performance of learning tasks and socio-psychological conditions.
In the process of completing educational tasks or complex tasks of various types, positive or
negative qualities of will can be formed. In particular, high willpower leads to the formation of
such volitional qualities as independence, determination, courage, perseverance, as well as the
manifestation of negative traits reflecting the opposite. According to the results obtained, 26%
(15-16 years old) and 23% (17-18 years old) of the test group had a low level of formation of
volitional qualities. The following reasons can be cited: the complexity and richness of social
experiences mastered by the student; the successes achieved; the predominance of pathogenic,
rather than sane, thinking; the lack or limitation of the student's participation in the process of
social relations; the lack of development of self-development skills, etc. Also, low willpower
occurs as a result of the student's indifference to the surrounding world, their inability to take on
responsibilities related to themselves and others. This situation can be explained by the lack of
such qualities as independence, endurance, courage, perseverance, and willpower in the student's
personality.
How do young teenagers approach their profession?
This problem interests many. From observations and life experience, it is known that usually
boys and girls in early adolescence have difficulty expressing a clear, well-founded opinion
about taking an independent step in life. Therefore, when choosing a profession, they are
confused or take risks, not knowing how to act rationally and correctly. As a result, unpleasant
experiences, disappointments, and serious social and psychological disabilities arise.
Children learn the basics of science at school, every teenager gets acquainted with physics or
mathematics. However, not all of them want to become physicists or mathematicians in the
future. At school, they study the geography of the Earth, but not all students want to become
tourists.
The upbringing of will qualities in adolescents remains one of the important issues of modern
pedagogical psychology. After all, adolescence is a transitional period, when experiencing a
youth crisis, feeling like an adult to a certain extent, and in this situation, it is observed that the
lack of adequate recognition by adults causes various psychological problems in adolescents.
These are precisely the qualities of will, which require research and study from a scientific and
psychological point of view in a new way of thinking. In this regard, in this graduation
qualification work, a research study was conducted on the personality of a teenager, the
psychological nature of the will qualities, properties and characteristics that are manifested at
this age and that need to be educated, ways and methods of influencing them, and the
development of various psychological methods related to their correction, and the following
conclusions were drawn.
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1. Will can be considered as a structure of conscious control of one's behavior and activities by a
person, since will makes it possible to overcome external and internal difficulties in the
implementation of goal-oriented actions and behavior.
2. Social orientation is expressed as a motivational-volitional characteristic of a person, and
arises as a specific way of realizing the motives of the activity and the purpose of the volitional
processes, states, and qualities of the student's personality.
References:
1. Specific psychological characteristics of early adolescence. From the article by Murtazayeva
Sayyora Sanoqulovna.
2. Results of the study of the level of formation of volitional qualities in adolescents and their
impact on self-control. From the article by Khasan Qakhramonovich Yakubjonov.
3. G`oziev E. «Psychology». Tashkent. «Teacher». 1994.
4. Practicum on youth and pedagogical psychology. T.1991.
5. G`oziev E. «Fundamentals of pedagogical psychology». Tashkent. 1997.
