Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
82
THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES OF THE STUDENT’S ORGANISM AND
ADAPTATION TO PHYSICAL LOAD
Abdumannopova Muxlisa
Student of Physical Culture, Fergana State University
Phone: +99890 277-21-06 Email: sher_1557@mail.ru
Abstract:
Physical exercise activities are related to the functional capabilities of our div
parts due to their specific characteristics. The article discusses the situation where a student,
unaware of the level of functional capacity of their div parts, imposes excessive hysical
demands on themselves, which can lead to a reluctance to engage in activities.
Keywords:
Health improvement, physical exercises, functional capacity, cardiovascular
system, training status, heart rate, physical load, experiments, heart volume, growth period,
blood circulation rate, physical fitness, heart muscles, marathon running, rest, educational
programs, educational process, physical qualities, student preparation.
Introduction
It is essential to nationalize physical education aimed at nurturing a healthy, well-rounded,
and physically strong younger generation while developing their physical qualities.
Therefore, scientifically studying physical qualities, incorporating them into school and
preschool curricula, and elevating socially and educationally significant sports to a
professional level are among the most pressing issues facing the field of physical education
today.
Nurturing a spiritually enriched, morally pure, and physically developed younger
generation is one of the most important tasks facing the field of pedagogy today.
Developing the physical qualities of the younger generation is highly feasible. Therefore,
our research topic, dedicated to exploring and developing new methodological approaches
for utilizing physical qualities in the physical education of primary school students, is
extremely relevant.
It is worth noting that President Shavkat Mirziyoyev's decree, issued on March 5, 2018,
titled "On Measures for the Fundamental Improvement of the State Management System
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
83
in the Field of Physical Education and Sports," emphasized the prioritization of developing
physical education and sports and selecting (scouting) talented youth. This priority applies
to preschools, general education schools, secondary specialized and vocational institutions,
and higher education institutions.
One of the core principles of this policy is the continuity and consistency of education.
This is why lifelong education is recognized as one of the key components of the National
Model of Personnel Training.
Human health is above all else and more valuable than anything. Particularly, nurturing an
individual to be healthy from an early age and raising them to become a well-rounded
personality is even more valuable.
Developing the younger generation intellectually, morally, and physically in all
aspects
is of great importance, with physical education and sports playing a vital role.
For this reason, ensuring students' health, improving physical development, and enhancing
physical readiness have always been pressing tasks in implementing essential principles
within the physical education system
Literature Review and Methods
The issues of students' physical preparedness and physical development have been studied
by many researchers. For instance, the studies of scholars such as F.N. Nasriddinov, R.S.
Salomov, T.S. Usmonkhojayev, M.Y. Yunusova, Ye.Y. Bondarevsky, and F. Khojayev
have identified aspects such as children's physical development, physical readiness, and
low levels of physical activity.
At the same time, the field of pedagogy has consistently focused on the physical education
of youth, addressing the problems of fostering a need and interest in physical education
through regular activities.
In recent years, issues related to the physical preparedness and physical development of
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
84
students and youth, as well as the physical education of the population, have been addressed
by leading specialists of the Republic of Uzbekistan, renowned foreign experienced
educators, and numerous scholars. These include V.K. Balsevich, O.V. Verkhoshansky,
A.A. Gujalovsky, L.P. Matveyev, F.A. Kerimov, Sh.X. Khankeldiyev, L.R. Ayrapetyans,
R. Salamov, T.S. Usmonkhojayev, K. Maxkamjonov, F. Khodjayev, K.D. Yarashev, and
others, who have studied these matters from a theoretical perspective.
Some researchers, including D.D. Sharipova, G.V. Goshupkin, N.B. Bernshteyn, R.S.
Salamov, A.T. Sodikov, B.G. Boyboboyev, V.V. Semenov, T.S. Usmonkhojayev, G.Y.
Fokin, Sh.X. Khankeldiyev, V.P. Filin, V.I. Platnov, and others, have explored the
effectiveness and possibilities of teaching general technical foundations of various sports
exercises. They have sought to uncover different aspects of physical education and sports.
Results and Discussion
When we asked the question, "Is your div ready for exercise?" and "What methods can
be used to assess your cardiovascular system?", 81.3% of the 70 ninth-grade students who
participated in the survey responded that they did not know how to determine this, and 90%
stated that they had not been taught the methods.
For those who had recently started exercising, after physical exertion (such as doing warm-
up exercises, running, or other health-promoting activities), their heart rate did not exceed
130-150 beats per minute. Furthermore, when measured 10 minutes after the exercise
session ended, the heart rate returned to the initial resting state. This was observed in the
experimental group of 8th and 9th grade students from the first general education school in
Kokand.
In the initial stage of our experiment, only 23% of students managed to return to their initial
resting state within the expected time. Among the girls, this figure was around 15%.
The function of the div is closely related to heart activity. The rapid enlargement of the
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
85
heart is observed between the ages of 11-18. Its longitudinal size increases threefold by the
age of 15-17 compared to the size at birth.
The volume of the heart cavity is 250 cm³ at the age of 13-15, and 250-300 cm³ in adults.
Over a period of seven years (from 7 to 14 years old), the heart size increases by 30-35%,
while in four years (from 14 to 18 years old), it increases by 60-70%.
The increase in the volume of the heart cavity occurs before the expansion of the blood
vessels. The heart often lags behind the general growth of the div. It has been observed
that 10-15% of boys and girls aged 15-20 have a relatively "small" heart, which leads to a
prolonged recovery process of the div after physical exertion.
The heart rate at the age of 15 is 76 beats per minute, at 20 years old, it is around 65-70
beats for men, and 70-75 beats for women.
The rate of blood circulation is one of the main factors in providing tissues with oxygen.
At the age of 14-16, the circulation time of blood is 18 seconds, while in adults it is between
17-19 seconds.
For strengthening the cardiovascular system, comprehensive physical readiness, strict
regulation of physical loads, and gradual increases are of great importance.
For a person whose heart beats 70-72 times per minute and who is not physically
conditioned, the heart will spend 20 years of its 60-year lifespan resting. It is estimated that
in one day, the heart rests for 16 hours, the heart ventricle rests for 12 hours, and the heart
itself rests for 4 hours (S.B. Lejnev).
The heart muscles, through regular exercise, adapt to increasing workloads, becoming
slower (more efficient) in contraction, which saves time for the heart to rest. It has been
observed that marathon runners' hearts beat only 40-50 times per minute.
Knowing how to assess the heart's adaptability to physical loads is an important aspect of
understanding the functional activity of the div for a future healthy lifestyle (HLS)
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
86
physical culture practitioner. This knowledge, as specialized theoretical knowledge, should
be taught as part of the theoretical components of the physical education curriculum in
general education schools.
One of the characteristics of a student's functional preparedness is the ability to accurately
assess their heart's adaptability to physical loads and to practically apply this knowledge.
To assess the heart's adaptability to physical loads, the following procedure is used: the
student sits quietly for 5 minutes, then within 15 seconds, they measure their heart rate and
multiply the result by four to calculate the heart rate per minute. Following this, the student
performs a full squat-and-stand exercise 20 times within 30 seconds. After completing the
exercise, they wait for 2-3 minutes, then measure the heart rate again. If the heart rate
returns to its initial state, it indicates that the student's heart is well-adapted to physical
loads.
A physical culture practitioner who follows a healthy lifestyle must know how to assess
their heart's adaptability to physical loads. They should also be familiar with breathing
mechanism tests.
To determine the respiratory system performance of the experimental group of students,
we used the following test: "Take two deep breaths, and after the third breath, hold the
breath without exhaling." In adults, the breath-holding time should be 50-60 seconds, while
in students (middle and high school age), it should be 30-40 seconds. There is a 10-15
second difference between women and girls.
In the experimental group (33 students), the results showed that 53.3% of boys and
adolescents met the normal standards, while 46.4% of girls did.
The famous biologist Jean Lamarck, in his "First Law" (the law of exercise), stated,
"Frequent and uninterrupted use of any organ gradually strengthens, develops, enlarges it,
and the longer it is used, the more powerful it becomes. On the other hand, not using an
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
87
organ regularly weakens it unnoticed, leads to its decline, narrows its possibilities, and
ultimately causes its disappearance."
Jean Lamarck's groundbreaking law is one of the general laws of living nature. Later,
Russian scholars such as P.F. Lesgaft, A.A. Uhtomskiy, I.P. Pavlov, G.F. Folbert, N.N.
Yakovlev, and others studied it in greater depth, contributing significantly to the
development of natural and medical sciences, and later to the theory of physical culture and
related disciplines.
Those who are indifferent to physical development, lead a lifestyle with limited movement,
or possess "low activity" levels experience the negative effects of the weak impulses
generated by muscle inactivity on the central nervous system. These weak impulses
primarily affect the brain and subsequently impact the function of other internal organs.
Furthermore, this prolonged condition leads to a sharp decline in the energy reserves of
nerve cells, weakening their immune defense, and increases the risk of developing various
diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, osteochondrosis, radiculitis, and others.
Additionally, metabolic disruptions result in an increase in fat cells and div mass.
The consequence of excess weight is a lack of energy to support the musculoskeletal system
(legs, arms), joints, heart, circulatory system, breathing, and other organs needed for
carrying extra weight. This leads to illness and the rapid and inefficient expenditure of the
div's vital reserves.
A high level of functional preparedness of the div serves as a foundation for physical
activity (PA). However, the functional readiness of our organs is not solely dependent on
physical activity but also on the div's biorhythms, which vary during the day, week,
month, and other periods. In particular, the circadian rhythms are linked to our mood,
mental state, work performance, and more, influencing whether they have a positive or
negative effect throughout the day.
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
88
Typically, the functional activity of the organism corresponds to the daytime and includes:
from early morning, the function of the adrenal glands (located above the kidneys), which
releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream. This affects the activity of our
nervous system, either increasing or decreasing it, accelerates the heart's work, enhances
the effectiveness of muscle contractions, regulates the gastrointestinal tract, div
temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and other necessary factors, and influences the
maximal oxygen consumption. The div's functional state decreases to a minimum
between 3:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. Biological rhythms positively affect our mental and
physical work capacity twice throughout the day.
The first period of productive work occurs between 9:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., and the second
period is between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., which corresponds to an increase in the activity
of our nervous system. A decrease in motivation for activity, poor mood, and indifference
to the coach’s instructions are related to the biological rhythms mentioned above.
Some researchers believe in the existence of a 23-day physical cycle, others in a 28-day
emotional cycle, and still others in a 33-day intellectual cycle. Each cycle is thought to have
two halves: the first half marked by a “plus” (increased work capacity) and the second half
by a “minus” (decreased work capacity).
Physical activity positively affects breathing and blood circulation. Exercise causes many
small blood vessels to open up in the muscles engaged in the movement. During physical
activity, the blood vessels expand, and blood flow accelerates. This results in the rhythmic
contraction and relaxation of the muscles, which improves the blood flow through the
venous blood vessels back to the heart, creating optimal conditions for it.
To summarize, it is essential to teach students how to assess their physical capabilities,
including understanding heart function and basic knowledge of its physiology starting from
the 5th grade. Simple tests for determining their adaptation to physical load, such as
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
89
measuring the pulse to reach 130-150 beats per minute and observing recovery time after
10 minutes or after 20 sit-stand repetitions within 2-3 minutes, are crucial in today’s
education system. This knowledge will benefit students throughout their lives in the context
of a healthy lifestyle (STT) and physical culture practices. For example, J. Lamarck’s First
Law should become an integral part of their lifelong physical culture approach. If you need
more help with this or further clarification, feel free to ask!
Conclusions:
1. The concept of healthy lifestyle physical culture plays a distinct role within the broader
phenomenon of a healthy lifestyle, encompassing its definition, content, structure,
tools, methods, and principles. It rightfully deserves the recognition as a subject
referred to as "Healthy Lifestyle Physical Culture."
2. Every individual should be able to maintain their health throughout life and achieve
high work capacity during this period. This goal of mastering the "art of living" can be
realized through healthy lifestyle physical culture activities. It must be instilled in the
minds of students and transformed into a law of practice for specialists in this field.
References
1. Abdullayev A. Theory and methodology of physical culture. OO'Yu's physical
textbook for bachelors and masters of culture. (3rd completed edition), "Polygraph
Super Service" Ferghana 475 p.
2. Sh. Khankeldiyev, A. Abdullayev and others. A healthy lifestyle is physical
culture. Fergana - 2009.
3. Sh. Khankeldiyev, A. Abdullayev, N. Azizov, B. Haydarov, A. Khasanov Physical
exercise classes. Fergana - 2011.
4. Yevseyev Yu.I. Physical culture, third. pos., izd-ye 5-ye Rostov-na Donu, "Phoenix"
2008 240 p.
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
90
5. Khankeldiyev Sh.Kh., Abdullayev A. And others. "School of general education
healthy lifestyle and physical culture of students", study guide
"Fergana" publishing house, 2011 - 332 p.
