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"ABDULLA AVLONI AS THE FOUNDER OF THE 'TURON' THEATER – AVLONI'S
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEK THEATER ART."
Korakhujayev Sayidillo Mukhamadaliyevich
Faculty of History Tashkent State Pedagogical
University named Nizomi
Abstract:
Abdulla Avloni, one of the key figures of the Jadidist movement and a prominent
educator, made significant contributions to the development of Uzbek cultural and intellectual
life. Among his many endeavors, the founding of the "Turon" theater was a pioneering
achievement in the history of Uzbek theater. This article explores Avloni’s role in establishing
the "Turon" theater and his lasting impact on the development of Uzbek theatrical art. By
blending traditional Uzbek cultural elements with modern theatrical methods, Avloni helped lay
the foundation for a new, distinct form of theater that reflected the socio-political and cultural
transformations of early 20th-century Uzbekistan.
Keywords:
Abdulla Avloni, Turon Theater, Uzbek theater, cultural development, modern
theater, Jadidism, educational reform, theatrical art.
Introduction
Abdulla Avloni, an intellectual and reformer, was at the forefront of Uzbekistan's modernization
during the early 20th century. He is widely recognized for his efforts to reform education,
promote national identity, and advance social change. In addition to his work in education,
Avloni made a critical contribution to the development of Uzbek theater. His establishment of
the "Turon" theater marked a key moment in the evolution of modern Uzbek theater art, serving
as both a cultural and intellectual platform for the expression of national values and progressive
ideas. The "Turon" theater became a vital space for artistic innovation, blending the rich
traditions of Uzbek performance with the modern theatrical methods that Avloni championed.
This article examines how Avloni's vision and leadership helped shape the early development of
Uzbek theater and discusses his lasting legacy in the cultural landscape of Uzbekistan.
Before the establishment of the "Turon" theater, Uzbek theater was deeply rooted in traditional
forms, including
shashmaqom
(classical music and poetry),
makhalla
performances, and
khonaka
(religious schools) plays. These performances were primarily focused on religious
themes and moral lessons, with little influence from modern European or Russian theater. The
traditional theater forms were largely oral and had not yet fully embraced the theatrical methods
that emerged in the West during the 19th and early 20th centuries. However, as Central Asia
underwent political, social, and cultural changes under Russian imperial rule, new intellectual
currents emerged. The Jadidist movement, which sought to modernize society through education
and cultural reform, was a driving force in shaping the intellectual landscape of the region. The
need for a new form of theater that could reflect the changing social and political environment
became increasingly urgent. This is where Abdulla Avloni’s vision for the future of Uzbek
theater began to take shape.
Avloni understood that theater could play a crucial role in the modernization of Uzbek society.
He envisioned a theater that would not only entertain but also educate and inspire the people.
Avloni’s philosophy of theater was deeply intertwined with his broader educational and cultural
reforms. He believed that the theater should serve as a tool for social change, reflecting the
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
500
evolving aspirations of the Uzbek people while also promoting modern, progressive values.
Avloni also recognized the need to move beyond the constraints of traditional theater and
incorporate more innovative and progressive ideas. He was influenced by both Western theater
traditions and the vibrant theater cultures of the Russian Empire, which had begun to make
inroads in Central Asia. As a result, Avloni sought to create a space where the classics of world
literature could be staged alongside new, locally relevant works that addressed the pressing
issues of the time.
In the early 20th century, Avloni established the "Turon" theater in Tashkent. This theater
became a hub for creative expression and a powerful vehicle for promoting the ideals of the
Jadidist movement. The name "Turon" was symbolic, representing the rich cultural heritage of
the region and evoking a sense of national pride and identity. The theater’s performances were a
blend of traditional Uzbek storytelling with Western-style dramatic techniques, marking a
significant departure from earlier theatrical forms. The "Turon" theater became a platform for a
new generation of Uzbek actors, playwrights, and directors who were eager to break away from
the traditional, often religiously influenced performances. Under Avloni’s guidance, the theater
staged plays that addressed social issues, national identity, and the need for modernization.
Avloni also encouraged the creation of original plays by local writers, fostering a new wave of
Uzbek dramaturgy.
The "Turon" theater's influence extended far beyond its immediate performances. By integrating
progressive ideas into the fabric of Uzbek theatrical culture, the theater played an essential role
in shaping public opinion and advancing the cause of social reform. The theater’s performances
attracted intellectuals, students, and artists, creating a vibrant space for dialogue on issues of
national identity, education, and social change.
Conclusion
Abdulla Avloni’s establishment of the "Turon" theater was a pivotal moment in the development
of Uzbek theater. Through his vision and leadership, Avloni transformed the theater into a space
for cultural renewal, intellectual exchange, and social reform. His contributions helped
modernize the theatrical landscape of Uzbekistan, laying the foundation for future generations of
artists and intellectuals. Avloni’s legacy in theater is a testament to his broader vision for a
progressive, enlightened Uzbekistan, where the arts and education played a central role in the
nation’s cultural and intellectual awakening.
References
1.
Avloni, A. (2006). "Research and Literary Heritage". Tashkent: Writers' Union of
Uzbekistan.
2.
Abduvakhobov, K. (2004). "Jadeism and its social impact". Tashkent: East.
3.
Mukhammadiev, N. (2015). "Uzbek literature of the Soviet period: about Abdulla
Avloni". Tashkent: Science.
4.
Shakirov, M. (2007). "Avloni and Uzbek theater art". Tashkent: Literature and Art.
5.
Rakhmatov, K. (2018). "Theatre and Culture: Awlani's Contribution to Theatre".
Tashkent: Uzbekistan.
