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NEW HIGHLY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF
COTTON PLANTS
.
Badalov Sunatullo Mamadievich
candidate of technical sciences, associate professor.
Karshi State Technical University. Karshi. Republic of Uzbekistan.
Tukhtaeva Zarina Olimovna
master’s student. Karshi State Technical University.
Karshi. Republic of Uzbekistan
.
Abstract:
The article presents the results of a critical analysis of the existing technology for
processing cotton plants, which is performed by the OVX-600 sprayer and the main
disadvantages are indicated. The developed new technology for processing cotton plants, which
provides targeted and clear bilateral spraying of a liquid chemical product at a close distance in
height or along the tiers of cotton plants, is a highly efficient and highly productive progressive
technology.
Key words:
sprayer, sprayer, agrotechnical requirements, technical specifications, pump,
capacity, filter, frame, cotton.
Introduction.
Development and increase of crop yields is the development and implementation
of new technologies and machines that allow for better quality treatment of plants against insect
pests, diseases and their defoliation and, on this basis, significantly reduce the consumption rate
of chemicals on a regular basis.
Chemical plant protection is the main means of combating pests, diseases and their defoliation.
According to FAO, crop losses from pests and diseases average 35% each year in the world [1,2].
Currently, chemical treatment of cotton plants is mainly carried out by the OVH-600 sprayer,
which has been in production since 1980.
Purpose: The OVH-600 cotton fan sprayer is a fan-type sprayer designed to treat plants using a
working fluid sprayed by an air stream created by a fan. Device: The OVH-600 cotton fan
sprayer [3] is a mounted machine and consists of the following units and mechanisms: two tanks
with a capacity of 300 liters each, suction and discharge hoses, a three-way valve, coarse and
fine filters, a pump, a pressure hose, a pressure regulator with a pressure gauge, a fine filter, a
sprayer stand, sprayers, a pressure hose, a fan, a nozzle, a water intake hose, a filter with a valve,
a water source.
These units are mounted as follows: the tanks with brackets are attached to the tractor side
members. The remaining units and mechanisms are mounted on the sprayer frame. The frame is
hung on the tractor's mounted system. The sprayer is driven by the PTO (tractor power take-off
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shaft). Operation: The sprayer is driven through the tractor PTO and the cardan transmission is
transmitted to the gearbox, and then to the fan wheel, fan casing and pump, that is, all
mechanisms are set in motion. During operation, the fan casing makes an oscillatory motion of
175 degrees, which makes 18 revolutions per minute and it is assumed that this achieves a
relatively uniform distribution of the working fluid across the width of the processing capture.
Technological process of spraying: the working fluid from the tanks of the OVH-600 sprayer
through the suction hoses, three-way valve and coarse filter sucks out the pump. The pump,
applying a certain pressure to the working fluid through the discharge hose feeds through the
valve chamber of the pressure regulator, the fine filter and through which it is fed to the rack and
sprayers, and excess liquid is directed through the pressure hose back to the mixing tanks. The
working liquid is sprayed by atomizers into the air flow passing through the nozzles of the
sprayer, created by the fan of the sprayer. Thus, the fan of the air flow with chemical
preparations sprayed in a misty form arbitrarily directs into the open atmosphere. Particles of the
chemical preparation, suspended in the air under the action of their own weight (Archimedes'
force) with a certain very low speed, that is, lagging behind the speed of the air flow, move
downwards and settle on the surfaces encountered on the path of movement.
We were unable to conduct research and development work to study the technological process of
spraying with the OVH-600 sprayer, since we did not have the opportunity due to the complexity
of the technological process. The study (theoretical research) and analysis of the OVH-600
sprayer protocols and the tests conducted were unsuccessful, and this data was not studied.
Therefore, to date, we do not have the following data:
- what percentage settles on the surface of plant leaves?
- what percentage is carried away by the wind?
- what percentage does not settle at all due to gravity?
- what percentage pollutes the environment?
However, in the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Kuban
State Agrarian University, an employee A. V. Palapin [4] presented the work and analysis of the
technological process of spraying sprayers used in production, which arbitrarily and
unintentionally spray a chemical preparation into the open atmosphere with an air flow. And it
has also been established that:
- up to 10% of losses are due to droplets up to 50 microns in size, evaporating in the air up to
50%
- droplets 50-100 microns in size carried away outside the treated area by air currents,
- up to 10% - large droplets larger than 300 microns in size are not retained even on the rough
surface of the leaf under the action of gravity, and flow down into the soil, which negatively
affects the ecology of nature.
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Recently, sprayers from foreign countries have been supplied to the Republic. These sprayers are
designed for processing
agricultural crops specifically in the conditions of agriculture in these countries, which are
different from ours. Also, the disadvantages of imported machines are: high metal consumption,
energy intensity and high cost. They mainly spray chemicals horizontally on the top of the plants,
and the lower part of the plants is not processed, as a result of which the quality of processing
does not meet the requirements of the spraying process.
The main design and technological disadvantages of the OVH-600 sprayer: the complex design
of the sprayer during assembly and disassembly work, frequent breakages of the tractor side
member due to a large unbalanced load, a large load on the rear drive wheels of the tractor, when
the sprayer is operating, the fan creates an air flow directed to the plants from top to bottom,
bending the plants against the movement of the tractor, overlapping them, creating a closed
continuous environment with plant leaves, which holds the main masses of the chemical
preparation transported by the air flow, as a result of which the chemical preparation cannot
penetrate inside to the lower part of the cotton plant by volume, in addition, in this sprayer it is
impossible to carry out tiered treatment by the height of the plant. Conducted scientific studies
show that when treating cotton plants with the OVH-600 sprayer, there are the above-mentioned
shortcomings, that is, it inappropriately and indistinctly directs chemicals with an air flow into
the open atmosphere, and this pollutes the atmosphere, which negatively affects the ecology of
the environment, therefore, it does not fully meet the technical requirements for spraying plants.
It should be especially noted here that, based on the conducted scientific studies, scientists have
confirmed that harmful insects live and reproduce on the underside of plant leaves. Having
studied the structure of plant leaves, we can see the following: plant leaves consist of an upper
and lower surface. The upper surface of plant leaves is transparent, hard and poorly absorbs
liquid substances. The lower part of the leaves is porous, soft and absorbs liquid substances well.
Thus, the process of photosynthesis in plants occurs mainly approximately 90-95% on the
underside of the leaves and 5-10% on the upper surface of the leaves. Therefore, harmful insects
live and reproduce on the underside of plant leaves, where food and oxygen are available to them.
Hence the conclusion that in order to increase the efficiency of the chemical preparation
while simultaneously reducing the consumption rate per hectare of treatment, it is necessary to
develop a new technology for treating cotton plants, which is the main problem at present..
The purpose and objectives of the study: Improving the quality of chemical treatment of cotton
plants by developing and substantiating a new highly efficient and highly productive technology
of treatment and technical means that improve the quality of the technological process of
spraying plants with chemicals [5,6,7].
Research results: Development of a new highly efficient technology of chemical treatment of
cotton plants: a new highly efficient technology of spraying cotton plants with a liquid chemical
should be carried out at a close distance parallel to the plants along the entire height (from the
bottom to the top) or in a separate tier, perpendicular to the plants, on both sides simultaneously
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with several sprayers.
The technological scheme of processing agricultural plants based on the new developed highly
efficient technology [8,9,10] is shown in Fig. 1.
1-sprayer, 2-rod, 3-cotton stem, 4-processing of cotton plants using a new developed highly
efficient technology
Fig. 1. Technological scheme of chemical treatment of cotton plants using a new developed
highly effective technology.
parallel to the plants along the entire height (from the bottom to the top) or in a separate tier,
perpendicular to the plants, on both sides simultaneously with several sprayers. Chemical
treatment of cotton plants using the new developed technology is carried out as follows (Figure
1): the sprayer is located in the middle of the row spacing at a distance of 0.45 m from the plant
(the width of the row spacing is 0.9 m) and moving parallel to it, perpendicular to the plants,
sprays the working liquid in a misty form, evenly according to the established norm, from the
foot to the top of the stem. In this case, the sprayed working liquid with the chemical preparation
penetrates into the crown of the plants with its inertia, and also settles on the upper and lower
parts of the foliage, branches and stems of the plants. Some of the drops that did not settle on the
plants are suspended in the air under the action of their own weight, moving downwards again
settle on the surface of the cotton plants. Spraying with chemicals is carried out on the weight of
the cotton bush volume, so the effect of its action is increased to the maximum. The technology
of spraying with chemicals occurs from the side part on both sides along the entire height or
along the tiers of plants and sprays perpendicular to the stem, which completely sprays in
volume and therefore easily settles on the plant without loss. It should be noted here that with
chemical treatment of plants, the developed new technology, the negative impact on the ecology
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of the environment is minimized, so the developed technology of chemical treatment of plants is
called highly effective technology.
Highly effective spraying technology occurs in the volume of plants, but not in the open
atmosphere.
A patent of the Intellectual Property Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan was received for
utility model UZFAP 01430 2019 for a new technology and a developed boom sprayer [9,10].
The theoretical and experimental studies conducted on the development of a new technology for
chemical treatment of cotton plants allow us to draw the following conclusions.
Conclusions
1. The existing technology for treating cotton plants, spraying chemicals into the air (into the
open atmosphere) is inappropriate and ineffective;
2. The developed new technology for treating cotton plants, which provides for targeted and
precise two-sided spraying of a liquid chemical at a close distance along the height or along the
tiers of cotton plants, is a highly effective and highly productive progressive technology.
3. It is necessary to develop a new design of a trailed boom sprayer, which should ensure and
perform the developed new highly effective technology for chemical treatment of cotton plants.
Literature.
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plowing of field slopes // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IPICSE
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2. Badalov S.M., Chorieva D.N., Rakhmatov D.B. Egatsiz tekis shudgorlaydigan plug //
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6. Patent for utility model UZFAP 01430RUz. Trailed boom sprayer for chemical treatment of
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Toirov I.Zh. / Tashkent. 2019. Bulletin No. 11, pp. 185-187.
