Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
773
TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS FOR MELON CULTIVATION UNDER THE FILM
F.M. Mamatov
Kh.A. Fayzullaev
Karshi State Technical University, 180100, Karshi, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to develop a machine for preparing the soil for
sowing melons under a tunnel film. The authors have developed a machine for
preparing the soil for sowing melons under a tunnel film, which is equipped with deep-
diggers with an inclined stand of the "paraglaw" type, a furrow maker and rotary
working bodies. When using the developed machine for preparing the soil for sowing
melons under the film, the direct cost of processing one hectare of area is reduced by
32.4%.
1.Introduction
Navadays, the preparation of fields for sowing melons, consisting of plowing, harrowing
and cutting of irrigation furrows, is carried out by separate units, which in turn leads to the
loss of soil moisture, delaying the sowing period and increasing operating costs [1-7].
Research on the creation of machines for preparing the soil for sowing melons, justification and
improvement of technological processes of their working bodies and parameters were carried out
by F. M. Mamatov [1-4], D. Sh. Chuyanov [5], V. G. Abezin [28], Kh. Fayzullaev [6-7] and
others. However, in these studies, the issues of substantiating the parameters of the working
bodies of a combined machine for sowing melons under a closed tunnel film, which ensure high
quality of work with minimal energy consumption, are not sufficiently studied.
From the analysis of the research, we came to the following conclusions that the reduction of
fuel consumption and other costs, as well as harmful effects on the soil of agricultural tools, can
be achieved by using tillage tools that perform all technological processes (loosening the soil to a
given depth, leveling its surface part, compaction and cutting furrows) of preparing the soil for
sowing melons under the film in one pass of the unit across the field.
The purpose of the study is to develop a tillage tool for preparing the soil for sowing melons
under a film.
2.Methods and results
The authors developed a tillage tool based on a non-shaft working bodies of the "paraplau" type,
designed to prepare the soil for sowing melons under the film. Combined machine (Fig. 1) frame
1 and mounted suspension 2, support wheels 3, axle claw 4, right and left pair of pits 5 and 6,
bearing 7, parallelogram mechanism 8, rotary worker The organ consists of 9. The combined
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
774
machine is aggregated with Class 2 tractors.
The frame is fixed to the frame by means of an axial claw, recesses and a clamp (fixed), the
rotating working div is hinged (movable) by means of parallelogram mechanisms. During the
work, the claw softens the middle part of the cultivated strip to a depth of 10-12 cm and a width
of 26 cm, the dredgers soften the planting zones, the ditch forms an irrigation ditch, and the
rotary dredgers create a seed or seedling line. It softens the top of the ridges and forms a soft
layer on it.
The machine prepares the entire tunnel for planting with a closed tunnel in one pass through the
field.
To study the transverse and longitudinal distance between the deep dredgers, as well as the
working speed on their traction resistance and the degree of soil crumbling, multivariate
experiments were conducted using mathematical planning of experiments.
The multivariate experiments were conducted according to the Hartley – 4 plan. At the
same time, the main factors were selected as the longitudinal (
Х
1
), and transverse (
Х
2
) distance
between the deep reclaimers, the depth of processing (
Х
3
) of the deep reclaimers, as well as the
speed of the unit (
Х
4
).
Fig.1.
Constructive scheme of the tillage tool
(view from above): 1 – frame; 2 – hanging device; 3 – base wheels; 4 – story claw;
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
775
5 and 6 – left and right pits; 7 – drain; 8 – parallel mechanism; 9 – rotary working div.
The degree of soil crumbling (
Y
1
), i.e. the amount of fraction less than 50 mm in size and the
traction resistance (
Y
2
) of deep-diggers were used as evaluation criteria.
The data of the obtained multivariate experiments were processed according to the PLANEX
program. At the same time, the Cohren criterion was used to estimate the variance of adequacy,
the Student criterion was used to estimate the values of the coefficients, and the Fisher criterion
was used to evaluate the adequacy of regression models.
The experimental results were processed according to the specified procedure and the following
regression equations were obtained that adequately describe the evaluation criteria: by the degree
of soil crumbling (%):
Y
1
= 82,5+5,5 X
1
- 2,96 X
2
-0,92 X
3
+5,1 X
4
-2,718 X
12
+
+1,562X
1
X
2
+1,121X
1
X
4
+1,715 X
22
-0,471 X
2
X
3
--2,813 X
2
X
4
-2,518 X
32
+0,965 X
42
;
(1)
- according to the specific traction resistance of the deep loader (кN) :
Y
2
= 6,467-1,122 X
1
-0,853X
2
+1,48 X
3
+0,515 X
4
+0,681X
12
-
- 0,124X
1
X
2
+0,198 X
1
X
3
-0,049X
1
X
4
+1,173 X
22
-0,577X
2
X
3
-
-0,449 X
2
X
4
-0,341X
32
+0,103X
3
X
4
+0,324 X
42
.
(2)
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
776
Fig.2.
Dependence plot of soil crumbling
on pre-sowing speed: 1, 2 and 3,
respectively, at a depth of 26, 30 and 34
cm
Fig.3.
Plots of soil crumbling as a function
of longitudinal spacing of no-till tools: 1, 2
and 3, respectively, at a depth of 26, 30 and
34 cm
The analysis of the obtained regression equations showed that all factors had a significant impact
on the evaluation criteria.
When determining the values of the design parameters that ensure the required quality of pre-
sowing processing with minimal energy consumption, the regression equations (1) and (2) were
solved together in the MS Excel and Planex programs. In the joint solution of the regression
equation, the following conditions were adopted, criterion
Y
1
, i.e., before pre-sowing treatment,
the number of soil fractions with a size of less than 50 mm should be at least 82%, as well as
criterion
Y
2
, i.e. the traction resistance of the non-loose working bodies should have a minimum
value.
According to the results obtained, at speeds of 6-9 km / h, to ensure the required quality of work
with minimal energy consumption at a processing depth of 26-34 cm, the longitudinal distance
between the paired deep reclaimers should be within 72-75 cm, and the transverse distance
should be within 50-60 cm. These results correspond to the results of theoretical studies.
Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, an experimental sample of a tillage
tool was made (Fig. 4 and 5).
Fig.4.
General view of the combined machine in the unit with the tractor T 100 A
(side view)
The main parameters of the working bodies of the combined machine are: the angle of entry of
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
777
the bit of the deep dredger 200; the width of the bit is 5 cm, the maximum depth of processing of
the deep-digger is 34 cm, the height of the deep-digger is 70 cm, the longitudinal and transverse
distance between adjacent deep-diggers is 70 cm and 60 cm, respectively, the longitudinal
distance between the deep-digger and the pointed foot is 40 cm, the transverse distance between
the deep-digger and the support wheel is 12 cm, the longitudinal distance between the deep-
digger and the furrow cutter is 52 cm, the longitudinal distance between the furrow cutter and the
rotary working div is 120 cm. The working width of the developed machine is 1.4 m, the depth
of tillage is 33-34 cm, the working speed is 6-9 km/h.
In one pass, the following parameters of a combined machine that prepares the soil for planting
melons under a closed tunnel film were determined: depth of cultivation; soil compaction quality;
relief of the planting area; width and depth of irrigation ditches; work productivity; fuel
consumption.
Fig.5.
Fragment of the combined machine operation
The study was conducted in 2019-2022 in the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Type soil
dredger light serous. Moisture content of soils 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm were 1.86; 1.18;
1.91; 2.35 MPa and 16.9; 17.9; 18.6; 17.9%.
Specifications of the combined machine Tst 63.04:2001 "Testing of agricultural machinery.
Machines and tools for surface tillage. Program and test methods", Tst 63.02:2001 "Testing of
agricultural machinery. Machines and tools for deep tillage. Program and test methods” and Tst
63.03:2001 "Testing of agricultural machinery. Energy assessment methods” detected.
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
778
In the tests, the machine was aggregated with a TL 100A tractor (Fig.5). Table 1 shows the
results of the combined machine tests. The trials were conducted in fields intended for planting
melons in early spring (Fig. 5).
In the tests, the planting depth was set at 33 cm, but in practice the average value was 32.5 cm.
Fractions smaller than 25 mm in size averaged 81.1%. The width of the upper part of the
irrigation ditch was 50.8 cm and the depth of the irrigation ditch was 23.4 cm (Fig.5).
Table 1.
Combined machine test results
№
Name of indicators
According
to
agrotechnical
requirements
Based on the
test results
1
Operating speed, km / h
6 - 9
7,3
2
Depth of planting area (pits), cm: М
ave.
v;
%
from 32 cм to 34 cм
2
<10
32,5
2,5
5,3
3
The amount of the following size
fractions in the soil of the area treated
by the pits, %
> 50 mm
50-25 mm
< 25 mm
< 10
-
> 80
9,2
9,7
82,3
4
Depth of irrigation ditch, cm
25
3
24,5
5
The width of the upper part of the
irrigation ditch, cm
50
3
51,2
6
Fuel consumption, kg / ha
no information
10,2
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
779
These data show that the performance of the combined machine meets the agro-technical
requirements.
The combined machine developed in the tests performed the specified technological process
completely and reliably, and the test results fully meet the requirements.
Fig.6.
Cross-section profile of the field after processing by the machine
Calculations show that the use of a combined soil preparation machine for planting melons under
a closed tunnel film reduces the direct (operating) costs per 1 hectare by 32.5%.
1
Conclusions
1. The test results have established that the developed machine reliably performs the specified
technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements.
2. The use of a combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons under a film
developed on the basis of research for tillage during preparation reduces the direct cost of
processing 1 hectare of area in comparison with the technical means used by 32.5 %.
References
[1] Mirzaev, B., Mamatov, F., Chuyanov, D., Ravshanov, X., Shodmonov, G., Tavashov, R
and Fayzullayev, X. Combined machine for preparing soil for cropping of melons and
gourds // XII International Scientific Conference on Agricultural Machinery Industry.
doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/403/1/012158.
[2] Mirzaev, B., Мaмatov, F., Ergashev, I., Islomov, Yo., Toshtemirov, B., Tursunov O.
Restoring degraded rangelands in Uzbekistan // Procedia Environmental Science,
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
780
Engineering and Management 2019. № 6. – pp 395-404.
[3] Ravshanov K, Fayzullaev K, Ismoilov I, Irgashev D, Mamatov S and Mardonov Sh. The
machine for the preparation of the soil in sowing of plow crops under film // CONMECHYDRO
– 2020. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 883(2020) 012138. IOP Publishing.
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/883/1/012138.
[4] Fayzullayev Kh, Mamatov S, Radjabov M, Sharipov Sh, Tavashov R and Nurmanova M.
The quality of loosening the soil with subsoilers of the combined machine // IPICSE 2020.
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1030 (2021) 012171. IOP Publishing.
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1030/1/012171.
[5] Temirov I, Ravshanov Kh, Fayzullaev Kh, Ubaydullaev Sh, and Kodirov U. Development
of a machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons under the film // IPICSE 2020. IOP
Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1030 (2021) 012169. IOP Publishing.
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1030/1/012169.
[6] Kh. Fayzullayev, D.Irgashev, S.Mustapakulov and M.Begimkulova. Raking plates of the
combination
machine's subsoiler. // E3S Web of Conferences 264, 04039 (2021)
doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404039.
[7] Abezin V G 2004 The mechanization of cultivation of gourds based on resource-
saving soil protection technologies Dis Dr tech Sciences (Volgograd) p 478
[8] Em A.D, Zhukov V.N and Kodirov A Je 1989 Recommendations on the use of
mechanized technology and a complex of machines for the cultivation of gourds (Toshkent) pp
1-13.
