Authors

  • Madina Kholmuradova
    Karshi State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.jasss.76676

Abstract

 Amir Temur left a bright mark not only on Uzbek statehood, but also on the history of Eurasia. Historical sources give a lot of information about the power of the kingdom he built, about his internal and foreign policy, about the work of the establishment, etc. Some of the sources belong to the pen of foreign historians and tourists. In this article, we will analyze some of the information contained in them from the point of view of self-realization. This article analyzes that the figure of Amir Temur, one of the world's great statesmen, grand commander and mindful organizer, has always been of interest in the field of fiction. In particular, the personality of Amir Temur, his activities, statesman and status as a commander are reflected in a number of medieval eastern miniatures, Sahibkiran Amir Temur led the people's liberation movement to rid our ancient homeland Turon — Turkistan of the tyranny of oppression, which lasted a century.

 

 

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ANALYSIS IN SOME WORKS OF AMIR TEMUR’S IMAGE IN FICTION

Kholmuradova Madina Abdimalik kizi

Doctoral student of Karshi State University, Assistant teacher of

Karshi State Technical University

e-mail:

madinakholmuradova3@gmail.com

ORCID: 0009-0005-3120-3219

Abstract:

Amir Temur left a bright mark not only on Uzbek statehood, but also on the history of

Eurasia. Historical sources give a lot of information about the power of the kingdom he built,

about his internal and foreign policy, about the work of the establishment, etc. Some of the

sources belong to the pen of foreign historians and tourists. In this article, we will analyze some

of the information contained in them from the point of view of self-realization. This article

analyzes that the figure of Amir Temur, one of the world's great statesmen, grand commander

and mindful organizer, has always been of interest in the field of fiction. In particular, the

personality of Amir Temur, his activities, statesman and status as a commander are reflected in a

number of medieval eastern miniatures, Sahibkiran Amir Temur led the people's liberation

movement to rid our ancient homeland Turon — Turkistan of the tyranny of oppression, which

lasted a century.

Keywords:

miniatures, historical memory, poem, opera, architectural monuments, archives,

museums, legends, literary interpretation, writer.

The most enormous heroics that left a bright mark on the history of the world are evident in

the liberation of the motherland from the complications of invaders and the rescue of the people

from colonial oppression. The figure of Amir Temur, one of the world's great statesmen, grand

commander and mindful organizer, has always been of interest in the field of fiction. In

particular, the personality of Amir Temur, his activities, statesman and status as a commander

are reflected in a number of medieval eastern miniatures, Sohibkiran Amir Temur led the

people's liberation movement to rid our ancient homeland Turon — Turkistan of the tyranny of

oppression, which lasted a century. Of course, scientists and writers still have a lot to do on the

way to comprehensively research these huge historical events and create their truthful

interpretations. It is also one of our main goals to highlight these world-class topics on the basis

of a new thought. In those years, the miser of during the Soviet period had “Temur tuzuks”

(Regulations of Temur) as a false work and banned it without printing. This injustice seemed to

further increase the value of the “Temur tuzuks” in the imagination of so many of our

messengers as some writers did, a work that evoked the historical memory of Uzbek readers who

were thrown into Justice. Fans who read “Baburnama” in comparison with “Temur tuzuks”

noticed that there were a lot of inner closeness among them. Many human qualities - honesty.

Many proofs and evidence from historical sources can be found that Babur Mirza inherited

spiritual and hereditary from his grandfather Amir Temur. Only because of the repression and

prohibitions of the regime, during the Soviet period could not write it down openly for decades.

Also, in Russia, in the XVII century, a play was staged at the theater of Alexei

Mikhailovich about Temurlang and Boyazid. In 1724, the German composer Georg Friedrich


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Gendel created an opera with a historical theme, “Temurlang”. The image of Amir Temur is also

reflected in the poetry of 234 the famous German writer Goethe (1749-1832). Edgar Allan Poe, a

native of Boston in the United States, who had previously taken a pseudonym for himself ― as

Boston-created a poetic poem in 1827, referring to Amir Temur. In 1908, the writer from

Tashkent, poet and historian Mulla Salahiddin Toshkandiy wrote a work at the level of his work

of fiction ― “The Battle of Amir Temur Kuragon” (Temurnoma), in which he gives much more

detailed information about the life activities, military campaigns of the Great Sahibkiran. The

work is written in the Uzbek language, and for many years the masses of wide readers have not

enjoyed it. It was only published as a book in 1991. Salahiddin used many historical, artistic and

religious works to create the work of Toshkandi. The bulk of the work consists of 47 epics. The

poems finished in the “Temurnoma” indicate even that the author was a good poet. The 1,030

verses given in the work are attributed to Saladin Toshkandi, the main part of the poem. He also

quoted poetic excerpts from the works of many famous poets, historians. In the literature of the

Soviet period of the XX century, the writer S.P.Borodin's works ― “Stars in the sky of

Samarkand” and “Fierce Boyazid” - were distinguished. In his works, Borodin focused his main

attention on the processes that began five years before the death of Amir Temur, that is, from

1399-1400. In due course S.P.Borodin's work spread among a wide readership and attracted the

attention of historians. The author used historical sources, archaeological and numismatic

materials in his work, worked on the topic in archives and museums, was also on a trip abroad.

As he himself admitted in the novels of Borodin, it is possible to bring reality closer to historical

facts that fadar tried to bring. In his work, the writer tried to give in a literary interpretation the

multifaceted activity of such a great person as Amir Temur. Obviously, S.P.Borodin, as a child

of his time, was not able to fully reveal the essence of the Personality of Amir Temur. Because,

in relation to the historical reality in the work ― the class view style served as the ideological

core of this work, like many works of this period. This in turn prevented Amir Temur's role and

role in Central Asian and world history from comprehensively revealing his prolific career.

It should be noted that in our country, the manifestation of the Personality of Amir Temur in

fiction was carried out only in the years of independence.

Coincidentally, Abdurauf Fitrat (1886-1938), a exponent of the jadidist movement, had

written a play at the time, referring to Amir Temur. But this was just an example of an

exceptional style. During the years of independence, K.Marlowe’s work, according to A.Samad

translation and processing, K.Yoldashev, was put on the stage of the National Theater under the

direction of the Umarovs. Later, the face of the stage was also seen by other works on this topic.

Alisher Navoi senior State Academic theater dedicated to Gendel's opera and courtly work.The

work of Ikromov was put. In 1995 distinguished scholar, academic B.Ahmedov's historical

fiction novel dedicated to the activities of Amir Temur was published. The works of A.Oripov,

M.Ali, T.Kahhor, T.Hayit and a number of other Uzbek writers and poets were published. Over

time, the period, as with all the great symbols, many stories, narratives, epics began to appear

about Amir Temur. In this case, it was advisable to dwell only on certain aspects of the issue.

The figure of Amir Temur appears as the protagonist in many eastern, notably Turkish peoples’

epos, epic, narratives (Temurshah, Temur, Shah-Temur, Temur Qoragon, etc). For example, - the

epic about Idigey and Tokhtamysh was widely spread within the Turkish population of the


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Kazakhs, karakalpaks, nomadic Uzbeks, nogoys, Turkmens, Crimea and South Siberians. In this

poetic epic, The Real reality is reflected, which belongs to the one-on-one struggle of Amir

Temur and stop. This work, in turn, came about as early as the time when these historical figures

were still alive. Mirza Rumuz graduated a book about Timur, is one of the unique works, in

which many legendary as well as unverified information with a folkloric character is summed up.

Another such book was written by Abdurahman Sirat at the beginning of the 18th century, which

included the history of Amir Temur ―the greatest treasures are considered the works.

In addition to historical sources, folk oral creativity, legends are included in it. In some

cases, these legends also record events that are not completely historically connected (for

example, the meeting of Amir Temur with the 11th-century traveler Nasir Khisrov, the fact that

the Russian lands pay a duty by agreement for many years, etc.). Found in the Volga region

dating back to the 18th century ―the text of the manuscript entitled story contains the issues of

the March of Amir Temur to Vladimir, the invasion of the lands of the Bulgars. The prose

method is based on a work written in old Uzbek by an unknown author, 19th ― century

manuscripts are on the list an extract from the story about Amir Temur as well as folk tales and

stories about Amir Temur. The Arabian epic-Sirat Abi Zayda - also describes Amir Temur as a

participant in a legendary fantastic battle fought by a certain arab tribe. In some cases, Amir

Temur also manifests as a participant in stories from the world of fairy tales and fantasies. For

example, in his fictional satire of 1946, the Egyptian writer Mahmoud Teymur, a well-known

exponent of Arabic classical literature, describes Amir Temur as a historical anti-war figure. The

luxurious buildings built by Amir Temur, the construction of which caused the birth of various

legends and legends among the people over the centuries, which led to the further preservation of

its name among the people.

A late 19th – early 20th-century Central Asian territorial traveler, Ye.Markov's comments

are also noteworthy in this regard. No matter where he went, no matter what architectural

monuments he saw, the locals associated them all with the work of Amir Temur as a builder of

the divguard. Ye.Markov himself had described to Amir Temur the favorite hero and great

king in the image of the peoples of Central Asia. Ye.Markov goes to the Olatov ― the Temur

gate. Watching the images of the rock here, the “gate of Timur” gives the reason for its

appearance – a folk narrative. That is, the story that Amir Temur ― pushed the rocks apart-built

a gate. Ye.Markov companions sardoba in the area, the construction of water wells is also

associated with the name of Amir Temur. To this day, a complex of Legends has also arisen

about the fate of the rich library of Amir Temur in Samarkand. The library was established by

the order of the ruler, in which the series was brought from the eastern lands ―Greek, Roman,

Syrian, rare and valuable manuscripts of Armenians were summed up. Many legends about the

roads of the Emir Temur Homeland Shahrisabz (Kesh) and the Kashkadarya oasis in general, as

well as the places of their activity, are still living among the people. Another event of the 20th

century also caused the appearance of many legends and stories about Amir Temur. In June 1941,

on the orders of the Soviet government ―under the pretext of for scientific purposes-the tombs

in the mausoleum of Gouri Amir, including the Tomb of Amir Temur, were opened without any

need. Among the masses of the people, the opinion became widespread that both at that time and

after it, the opening of the tomb was uncharacteristic, the disturbing spirit caused the beginning


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of the war, the spirit of war from the mausoleum went beyond. Film operator Malik Kayumov, a

participant in the opening of the graves, a direct witness to these events, had also made a number

of appearances on television and in the press about this. In conclusion, the artistic embodiment of

the A.Timur personality always becomes important for creators.

References:

1. Ahmad Shirkhani. Colonialist discourse in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine and the Jew Malta. Thesis.

Shiraz University, – Shiraz. Iran, 2002.

2. Bartels E. Spectacles of Strangeness: Imperialism, Alienation and Marlowe. – Philadelphia:

Pennsylvania, 1993. – 324 p.

3. Basbanes N. Gentle Madness: Bibliophiles, Bibliomanes, and the Eternal Passion for Books. –

New York: Macmillan, 1999. – 201 p.

4. Beal N. “Let us march against the fires of heaven”. Tamburlaine, Marlowe and Atheism. –

London, 2008.
5. Clarke S. The life of Tamerlane the Great. ‒ London Printed by T.R. and E.M. for the

underhill, 1653. ‒ 161 p. (Early English books, 1641‒1700).

6. Darwin John “After Tamerlane The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000

(Bloomsburry press. – London, 2010. – 574 p.
7. Ellis F. Christopher Marlowe. – London,1927. – 413 p.

References

Ahmad Shirkhani. Colonialist discourse in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine and the Jew Malta. Thesis. Shiraz University, – Shiraz. Iran, 2002.

Bartels E. Spectacles of Strangeness: Imperialism, Alienation and Marlowe. – Philadelphia: Pennsylvania, 1993. – 324 p.

Basbanes N. Gentle Madness: Bibliophiles, Bibliomanes, and the Eternal Passion for Books. – New York: Macmillan, 1999. – 201 p.

Beal N. “Let us march against the fires of heaven”. Tamburlaine, Marlowe and Atheism. –London, 2008.

Clarke S. The life of Tamerlane the Great. ‒ London Printed by T.R. and E.M. for the underhill, 1653. ‒ 161 p. (Early English books, 1641‒1700).

Darwin John “After Tamerlane The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000 (Bloomsburry press. – London, 2010. – 574 p.

Ellis F. Christopher Marlowe. – London,1927. – 413 p.