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SIMPLE ADJECTIVES IN THE DICTIONARY OF OTANAZAR MADRAHIMOV
“KHIVA DIALECT OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE”
Mahbuba Polvonnazirova,
student of the Faculty of Philology and Arts
of the Abu Rayhon Beruniy
Urgench State University
We know that the Uzbek language is a language that has been formed over centuries, has its own
vocabulary, dialects and dialects. Each dialect has its own characteristics, words and methods of
their formation. In particular, there are many dialects and dialects in the Khorezm region. Many
scientists have conducted research on their study. In particular, F. A. Abdullayev, H. Sh.
Norboyeva, A. Ishayev, E. Urozov, Otanazar Madrahimov and others. In his dictionary "Khiva
dialect of the Uzbek language", Otanazar Madrahimov collects many words from the Khiva
dialect, expresses them through transcription, and explains their meanings through examples.
Through this, we can learn which word family the words belong to, their scope of application,
methods of formation, as well as the specific features of the Khiva dialect. This dictionary is
considered an important source in studying the Oguz dialect. Ahmad Ishayev expressed his
attitude to Otanazar Madrahimov's dictionary in his work "Uzbek dialectal lexicography".
Providing information about the dictionary, the scientist emphasized that Otanazar Madrahimov
included about 1,700 words in his dictionary, that this dictionary is not a dialectal dictionary in
the full sense, and that the main purpose of compiling this dictionary is:
1) The fact that the Oguz dialect is historically close to the Azerbaijani and Turkmen languages;
2) The fact that the written monuments are directly related to the territory of Khorezm;
3) The study of the lexicon of the Oguz dialects in a comparative-historical scope.
"Otanazar Madrahimov's dictionary is useful for Uzbek dialectal lexicography, because it
contains hundreds of words not listed in F. A. Abdullayev's dictionary, such as abdal-tentak,
aytoti-ona, damcha-khandalak, kumur-mechkay, lapaq-khumcha, otarchi-tabib, and a person who
fixes a broken place, which are necessary materials for a large dictionary of all Uzbek dialects"
[2; pp. 64-65], - he expressed his opinion. Indeed, this dictionary is of great importance in the
study of Khorezm dialects.
Otanazar Madrakhimov's book includes words from almost all categories used in the Khorezm
dialect. 24 percent of the dictionary is made up of adjectives, which number more than 400.
According to the structure of adjectives, 4 types (simple, compound, pair, repeated) are also
found in the dictionary. For example, adjectives such as arȉq (slight), gämşik (curly), gejäk
(curly), dik (straight), döddi (simple), domboyin (rude), iva (wet), zaq (long), muvasa (loving),
musällät (ungrateful), mut (free), oy (deep), üçuz (cheap), xavandaz (worried), hämtäk (sloppy)
are found in the dictionary. If we pay attention to the adjective "akhmal", the meanings of which
are explained in the dictionary, this word is used in the Khiva dialect and means "uninformed",
which Otanazar Madrakhimov explains in his dictionary through the example of "akhmal qoldi-
bekhabar qoldi". In addition, adjectives such as gödäläk (small), ğoç (strong), dövnav (crowded),
zakhäk (pishik, mug‘ombir), zoq (long), kikik (duduk) are distinguished by their greater use and
uniqueness in the Khiva dialect.
Volume 15 Issue 03, March 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
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Along with the basic adjectives, there are also many artificial adjectives in the dictionary,
numbering more than 170. For example, kirçil (quickly dirty), boşaçȉ (empty), bidirdavuk
(uneven), badlȉ (strong), arkali (foreseeing something, event), larsildama (unusual) and the like
are considered artificial adjectives. Simple artificial adjectives in the dictionary are formed by
several different suffixes:
-li adjective suffix: arzaqli (honorable), lavapli (delicious), naqishli (beautiful), özli (preserved),
patyali (engaged), deräkli (appropriate) ;
-gi, -ki, - ki adjective suffixes: äldgi (previous), burunqȉ (early), guzäkki (autumn) ;
-ma adjective: äplämä (lacking quality), vağlama (vigorous), ğarçıldama (full), danğillama
(luxurious), sharlama (fluttering);
-aq adjective: baqiraq (shouting);
-iq adjective: yumȉq (closed);
-siz adjective: diŋŋisiz (restless), jansiz (weak);
-joq adjective: dayinjaq (slippery);
-ak adjective: urkäk (squirmy), etc.
The Khiva dialect has its own adjective-forming suffixes, which are rarely used or almost never
used in other regional dialects. These are:
-davuk adjective-forming suffix: bidirdavuk (1. Uneven 2. Talkative), dabirdavuk (babbler),
zibirdavuk (quick), labirdavuk (talkative), patirdavuk (rabble), laqirdavuk (relaxed), khapirdavuk
(light), shaqkildavuk (sergap) and similar adjectives;
-sak adjective-forming suffix: yeyimsek (meaty);
-läs adjective-forming suffix: tuyläs (woolly), etläs (meaty), yuŋläs (hairy), killäs (woolly).
Also, adjectives are formed using the prefix, in the composition method. For example, beparavuz
(incoherent), zhȉŋjȉŋ (a person with a delicate voice, a vaisaki), čakächandir (tends, is diligent),
vaqikhosh (cheerful), itagiz (rude), itazabi (difficult), čapjundik (bad language), sam-sam (cruel)
are examples of this. In particular, adjectives such as sam-sam, chuq-chuq, zhȉŋjȉŋ prove once
again that the Khiva dialect is unique.
In conclusion, while compiling the dictionary "Khiva dialect of the Oghuz dialect of the Uzbek
language", Otanazar Madrahimov showed the diversity and unique features of this dialect. This
monograph is a dictionary that not only reveals the features of the Khiva dialect, but also makes
a worthy contribution to the development of the science of dialectology.
References:
1.Abdullayev F. “Khorezm dialects of the Uzbek language”-Tashkent.1961
2.Ishayev A. “Uzbek dialectal lexicography”-Tashkent.1990
3.Hojiyev A. “Uzbek word formation”-Tashkent.2007
4.Madrahimov O. “Khiva dialect of the Oghuz dialect of the Uzbek language”-Urgench.1999
5.Norboyeva Sh, Sadullayeva N, Atabayeva M. “Dictionary of Khorezm dialects”-Urgench.2024
Websites
:
1.Arxiv.uz
2.inLIBRARY
3.Khorezmiy.uz
