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EXPRESSION OF PROVERBS IN “DICTIONARY OF KHORAZM DIALECTS”
CHAROSXON ISMOILOVA,
Urganch State University
Faculty of Philology and Arts 1st stage student
Abstract:
In this article, Fattoh Abdullayev's “Dictionary of Khorezm Dialects” contains
opinions and comments about the expression and use of proverbs. The unique proverbs of the
Khorezm dialect have acquired a special meaning in the dictionary.
Key words:
Fattoh Abdullayev, “Dictionary of Khorezm dialects”, proverbs, proverbs specific
to the Kipchak dialect.
The Uzbek language, which belongs to the family of Turkic languages, is one of the ancient
languages, and dialects and dialects form part of its historical background. We know that a
dialect can belong to a certain region. Many scientists have conducted their scientific research on
dialects. In particular, we can cite V.V.Radlov, A.K.Borovkov, V.V.Reshetov,
Sh.Shoabdurahmanov, A.Ishayev, F.Abdullayev, S.Rahimov and many other scientists as
examples of their research on dialects. In particular, we cannot fail to emphasize that Fattoh
Abdullayev's "Dictionary of Khorezm Dialects" is one of the most important works that
illuminate and analyze Khorezm dialects and their characteristics. Ahmad Ishayev also says that
"the Khorazm Dialects Dictionary compiled by F.A. Abdullayev served as a guide for the
dictionaries created later on Uzbek dialects, and served as a source of important materials for the
one-volume Dictionary of Uzbek Folk Dialects." [4: 59]. In addition, Sh.Sariboyev recalls that
this dictionary made a good impression on him from a lexicographic point of view.[4; 59]
Sh.Sariboyev said that there are many phonetic dialectisms in this dictionary, while A.Ishayev
expressed his opinion that in this dictionary, "Dictionaries related to fields do not provide
examples of head words, objects are not shown. In our opinion, it would be appropriate if the
words related to these fields were worked out in a way that meets the lexicographic requirements
and absorbed into a large dictionary." [4; 59] In addition to this, it should be noted that F.
Abdullayev said about his work, "This work is our first experience in creating a dialectological
dictionary. In this field, no work has been created that will serve as a guide for Uzbek dialects."
[1; 5]
In Fattoh Abdullayev's "Dictionary of Khorezm Dialects" we can find characteristics of different
dialects of regional dialects. Elements specific to the Kipchak dialect were expressed through
Gurlan and Yangibozor districts, while expressions specific to the Oghuz dialect were shown
through texts and words recorded from the speech of residents of all other districts. In addition,
their morphology and lexis are discussed. At the end of the dictionary, there are also specific
fairy tales, stories and stories that are used in that region.
Folk proverbs are still studied as examples of perfect artistic creativity. It is not known where
and when proverbs were created, but they have been refined over the centuries and express a
complete meaning. The famous Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy expressed his opinion about
proverbs: "There are such thoughts that can be applied in a broad sense, therefore, the more such
thoughts are expressed in a form suitable for the majority, the more food they give to the mind
and heart, and they turn out to be deeply felt thoughts." In addition, A.P. Chekhov gave a
beautiful recognition to proverbs, noting that the success of a small genre is brevity, and brevity,
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the sister of talent, expands the scope of proverbs in oral creativity and serves to prolong their
life.
Wise expressions, proverbs, sayings, phraseological units, aphorisms, riddles, etc., which express
a mobile meaning and involve imagery in the Uzbek language, are considered stable compounds.
Every proverb and text is a people's opinion: they confirm or deny something, that is, they
express the truth. Fattoh Abdullayev's "Dictionary of Khorezm Dialects" contains a large number
of proverbs. Their special features are that the proverbs are unique, coming out of the folk
language, expressed in a way that does not repeat the proverbs of other regions in terms of
meaning and characteristics. In this dictionary, 70% of proverbs are given in the form of
explanations of words.
We know that proverbs are extremely rich and diverse in subject matter. In particular, colorful
proverbs were created on topics such as homeland, work, science, friendship, harmony, wisdom,
vigilance, language and speech culture, love or love, as well as negative feelings. Proverbs used
in dialect are one of the topics that should be paid attention to because of their attractive and
beautiful tone. At the same time, their scope of application is also different. Mansur Khamidov,
in his analysis of some verses on Surkhandarya dialects, grouped proverbs as follows:
1. Proverbs used both in dialect and literary language.
2. Proverbs used only in dialect speech.
3. Proverbs used in a different sense in the literary language and in a different sense in the dialect.
4. Archaic or outdated proverbs.
We decided to analyze the type of proverbs used both in the dialect and in our literary language
by Fattoh Abdullayev in the "Dictionary of Khorezm Dialects".
Today, there are many proverbs that are used in our literary language and that have undergone
semi-phonetic changes in our dialect. Including “Adām bolmaq aŋsat, adāmȉy bolmaq qiyn”,
“Yaxşȉdan ad, yamannan dad”, “Äzäldän duşman el bolmas”, “Bȉytȉŋä opkäläp postȉniŋni
yäqma”, “Gämägä dűşgännȉ jani bȉr”, “Boyȉ vor deräkdȉyn, oqlȉ vor koräkdȉyn”, ”Käsälȉnȉ
gȉzläsäŋ olȉmi aşkor ätär”, “Deşi butin, içi tutin”, “Et dȉnnoqdon oyrȉlmos”, “Täm duz bȉlän ,
adām soz bȉlän”, “Yaxşȉ niyät , yartȉ mal”, “Yat ellani baği bilän baxçasȉ , öz elliŋni yandaqiça
bolalmas”, “Qazana yäntäşsaŋ qäräsȉ yukār, yamana yäntäşsaŋ yāräsȉ”, “Näsiyäyä maymȉl
oynamas”, “Kävnȉ açȉqnȉ yolȉ açȉq”, “Yazdā mȉynȉŋ qoynomoyȉnçä, qȉşdo qazanȉŋ qoynomos”,
“Minät miŋätti tibi rahat”, “Qȉymȉldoğon qȉr aşār, mȉlkȉldägän yer dȉşär”, “Säğätnȉ yāxşȉsȉ
bolȉnçä, yāxşȉnȉ säğätȉ vol”, “Qorrȉ gäsä aş usdinä , yaş gäsä iş asdiŋä”, “Suva käsäk taşasaŋ
yuziŋä soçdȉ”, “Ağzȉ goyyan qatiqnȉ ohlab içär”, “Gaŋaşli toy buzȉlmas”.
There are interesting and wonderful proverbs of Khorezm dialects, among which we can cite the
proverb "Gäräk däşnȉ oğromȉ yak". This proverb was used by the lexicographer to explain the
word "Oghrom", which equates to the current word "heavy". This proverb is used in parallel with
the current proverb "A necessary stone is not heavy". However, when we hear the dialect variant
of the proverb, it is difficult for us to understand the original meaning at once.
This proverb "Bȉraya qar ätip korpäni ota värmä" explains the word bȉre, that is, a flea, and qär
ätmak means to be upset, and otä värmä is used here in the sense of burning. Hence, this proverb
is equivalent to the current proverb "Don't make a flea bitter and burn your blanket."
One of our wonderful sayings "Bez qirağinȉ gor bezini al, änäsini gor qiizȉnȉ al" comes in the
explanation of the word bez, which means gray. Qȉrağ here is qiraq, that is, the edge of gray, and
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this is the dialectal form of the word mother. This proverb is exactly the same as the current
proverb "See your mother and take your daughter."
In conclusion, although the proverbs in our modern Uzbek literary language and dialect are
similar in meaning, we find lexical and phonetic differences between them. These processes
require learning.
List of used literature:
1. Abdullayev F. “Khorezm Dialects of the Uzbek Language” 1961.
2. Abdullayeva O. O. (2021). Working On Questions And Tasks In Studying Abay's Creation.
Academic Research In Educational Sciences
3. Botirboyev F. P., Abdullayeva O. O., Shermatova U. S. (2021). Working On Questions And
Tasks In Studying The Work Of Oljas Sulaymanov.
4. Ishaev A. “Uzbek Dialectal Lexicography” 1990.
5. Rajabov N. “Uzbek Dialectology”- Tashkent.1996.
6. Saidov Y. “Uzbek Dialectology” 2021
7. Saparov M. “Interrelationships of Turkic Languages in the Khorezm Oasis”.
T.: Fan, 1988
8. Khamidov M. “Analysis of some passages on Surkhandarya Uzbek dialects” 2022
9. Shoabdurakhmonov Sh. “Uzbek literary language and Uzbek dialects”. Fan, Tashkent, 1962.
