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THE IMPACT OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF HISTORICAL CITIES ON
INCREASING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF UZBEKISTAN AS A TOURIST
DESTINATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Elmuratova Umida Farxadovna
PhD in historical sciences, dotsent of the Institute of Tashkent
Textile and light industry
Abstract:
The theоreticаl fоundаtiоns оf the develоpment аnd mаnаgement оf tоurist аctivities
in the histоricаl cities оf Uzbekistаn аre studied scientific аspects. In pаrticulаr, prоpоsаls аnd
recоmmendаtiоns hаve been develоped оn the оrgаnizаtiоn аnd mаnаgement оf tоurist
cоmpleхes in the prоcess оf increаsing their investment аttrаctiveness оn the bаsis оf eхisting
prоblems with increаsing tоurism аnd the number оf fоreign tоurists, wаys tо eliminаte them, the
fоrmаtiоn оf tоurist cоmpleхes with high efficiency, imprоving the investment climаte in the
regiоns.
Key words:
tоurism, tоurism industry, dоmestic tоurism, histоricаl mоnuments, tоurist rоutes,
Оrgаnizаtiоn оf tоurist cоm-pleхes, tоurism mаrket, eхcursiоn services, sоciо-ecоnоmic relаtiоns
аnd tоurist prоducts.
INTRODUCTION
Uzbekistan, historically located at the crossroads of the world's main trade and cultural routes -
the Great Silk Road, is recognized for its wealth of modern tourist centers. Currently, effective
work is being carried out in the world to improve the tourist potential of regions through the
reconstruction of historical cities and the restoration of architectural monuments. In this regard,
preserving the structural structure of historic cities, creating conservation zones, offering
effective tourist routes, and properly implementing the restoration of architectural monuments
are becoming increasingly important. A number of scientific studies are being conducted around
the world to restore architectural monuments, improve the tourist potential of regions through
their efficient use, and create new tourist destinations in historic cities. In this regard, the
regeneration of ancient cities and historical neighborhoods, the repair of monuments, the
implementation of projects for the restoration of partially or completely destroyed monuments,
the preservation of the historical appearance of cities, and the proposal of effective tourist route
directions, while studying the advantages and disadvantages of existing tourist routes, are of
great importance. In recent years, a lot of work has been done in our republic to develop the
tourism infrastructure of historical areas, and a number of reforms are being carried out to rid
historical urban areas of modern objects and clearly define the location of architectural objects
on tourist routes. "...Turning tourism into a strategic sector of the economy remains a priority for
us. One of the most important tasks facing the government is to increase the number of tourists
visiting our country to 7.5 million this year" [1].
In this regard, it is important to conduct scientific research on historical cities and architectural
objects in our country and develop proposals for their repair and reconstruction, create favorable
conditions for increasing tourism potential, as well as develop effective tourist routes. In the
areas of our historical cities rich in tourist resources, the formation of competitive and highly
efficient tourist complexes that meet modern requirements, and the organization and
management of tourist complexes in the process of increasing their investment attractiveness
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based on improving the investment climate in the regions, are of particular importance. The
organization of tourist complexes provides its participants with the opportunity to use innovative
technologies, attract a qualified workforce, improve the quality of information and business
services, and increase efficiency.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism" defines tourism as follows: "Tourism is
the departure (travel) of an individual from his place of permanent residence without engaging in
activities related to earning income from resources in the country (place) of temporary stay" [2].
It also helps to develop the tourism sector based on the formation of tourist complexes in areas
with high tourist resource potential, organize effective cooperation between the country's regions,
and create opportunities for the sustainable development of the tourism industry infrastructure in
an innovative direction.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Currently, Uzbekistan has a large number of historical sites, cities and architectural objects, and
the issue of their targeted use on the basis of scientific research is of great importance. The
tourism sector also plays an important role in the development of the state, as it serves to ensure
the employment of the population and provide a stable source of income. Therefore, it is
important to pay special attention to the comprehensive development of the sector in our country,
taking into account the specific characteristics of these regions. At the same time, the tourism
sector has become one of the leading sectors of the world economy, and scientific and practical
work is being done to modernize the tourism sector in our republic, form and improve the
regulatory and legal framework for the sustainable development of the sector, analyze the goods
and services created in the local and international tourism services market, and demonstrate their
impact on the development of the tourism industry. In-depth study is of great importance.
Among the scientists who have conducted scientific research on the essence of the tourism sector
in Uzbekistan, its place in socio-economic development, and issues of its development, we can
cite S.S. Gulomov, N.T. Tukhliyev, Yo.A. Abdullayev, M.M. Mukhammedov, M.Q. Pardayev,
G.H. Kudratov, I.S. Tukhliyev, Q.J. Mirzayev [3].
Tourism comes from the French word tour, which means travel. The Law of the Republic of
Uzbekistan "On Tourism" defines tourism as follows: "Tourism is the departure (travel) of an
individual from his permanent place of residence for a period of not more than one year for
health, educational, professional or other purposes in a place (country) visited without engaging
in remunerated activity"[4]. Tourism helps preserve folk crafts and national crafts, and expresses
the culture of regions and countries [5].
M.T. Alieva, in her scientific research work, gave a concise definition of the concept of tourism:
“Tourism is the temporary stay of people from their permanent places of residence to a country
or a place outside their own country for the purpose of leisure and recreation, health
improvement, acquaintance or professional development, but without being engaged in paid
labor activity at the place of arrival. that is to say. Therefore, tourism is the set of relationships,
connections, and events associated with people's visits to places that are not considered their
permanent or long-term residence and are not related to their labor activity[6] A systematic
approach to the theory and practice of managing economic systems at various levels has been
proposed by many researchers [7].
Tourism is understood as the travel of people in their free time to countries other than their
permanent places of residence or within their own countries for the purposes of recreation,
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recreation, hospitality, education or professional practice, but not for the purpose of remunerated
work in the places they visit [8]. The tourism market is a complex system that includes socio-
economic relations between sellers (supply) and buyers (demand) of tourism products, as well as
economic mechanisms that directly regulate the demand and supply of tourism products [9].
Y. V. Tishukov in his treatise states that “The tourism industry is a set of hotels and other
accommodation facilities, means of transport, public catering facilities, recreational facilities and
facilities, facilities for acquaintance, business, health, sports and other purposes, organizations
carrying out tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as organizations providing
excursion services and guide services.” While recognizing, M.B. Birzhakov expresses the
opinion that “Tourist service is a set of actions in the field of service provision aimed at
providing and satisfying the needs of a tourist or tourist, which correspond to the goals of
tourism, the direction and nature of tourist service, the tourist product, and the principles of
universal morality and order” [10]. Tourism is a movement process related to all situations
related to recreation and leisure, from space flight to beach vacation. It is a temporary trip of
citizens away from their permanent places of residence for health, acquaintance, professional,
sports, religious and other purposes, not associated with paid activity [11].
While the tourism industry is essentially a service sector, the bulk of the industry's activity is
directly related to the activities of manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, the fact that the
development of the tourism sector does not require very large amounts of material resources,
unlike the material processing industries, and the dependence of activity on the availability of
natural resources indicates that there is a possibility of rapid development of the sector in our
country in a short time. The systemic reforms being undertaken at the state level since 2016 to
develop the tourism services sector also indicate that the sector can be one of the "growth" points
in the rapid development of the country's development.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The article analyzes the scientific works and educational literature of local and foreign scholars
on tourism. Theoretical analysis and observation methods were used as the research
methodology.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
In our opinion, tourism can be understood as the process of people traveling from their area of
permanent residence to a country or a region other than their own for the purpose of
traveling, enjoying, relaxing, improving their health, making new friends, or exchanging
professional skills. A tourist complex is a socio-economic and territorial environment in which
various types of tourism can develop. The formation and development of tourist routes in
historical cities is one of the priority areas for the development of domestic tourism. At the same
time, the main tourist activity in the formation of modern tourist complexes: tourist products,
recreational products, tourist markets, sanatorium facilities and products, natural tourist
resources, hotels, hotel services and guest houses, as well as tourist infrastructure: industry,
industrial products, transport, social facilities, healthcare, housing, financial sector, banks and
insurance organizations are organized into structural components such as material and technical
resources and ensure that the needs of tourists are met. One or more types of tourism participate
in the creation of tourist complexes with a certain orientation. It is important to consider the
orientation of tourist complexes in relation to the types of tourism that have a sufficiently large
significance in the general classification of tourist activity. The role of historical cities, historical
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and cultural heritage monuments in our country, which have made a significant contribution to
the tourism sector, is incomparable. Among them, the city of Karshi is also one of the centuries-
old ancient cities. There are 28 archaeological monuments, 25 architectural monuments and 1
remarkable settlement in the city of Karshi. As a result of the development of the tourism
industry in the region based on these historical monuments, it continues to attract travelers from
all over the world.
Management units include organizationally separate structural divisions, as well as individual
specialists or part of them (for example, managers who organize and coordinate the activities of
several structural divisions) who perform certain management functions. The management level
is understood as a set of management relations occupying a certain level in the enterprise
management system. When organizing tourist complexes in historical cities, it is necessary to
identify the specific characteristics of the territory and ensure appropriate activities. Based on the
results of the studies conducted, the following can be cited as the main characteristics of tourist
complexes. We can see that the main goal of creating tourist complexes in the cities of the past is
to stimulate the development of a particular region or to ensure the rapid growth of individual
sectors of the economy. The development of tourism activities in the of ancient cities is directly
dependent on the development indicators of an effective and competitive tourism market, and a
number of tasks must be implemented and conditions must be created for this.
CONCLUSION
The fact that the organization of tourist complexes in the cities of Tahiriya is organized taking
into account several approaches at the same time ensures the effectiveness of the activities of
network complexes. When organizing tourist complexes, firstly, a territorial approach is taken,
that is, the clear boundaries of the complex, the network within the delimited territory and the
enterprises associated with its activities (raw material suppliers, processing and market
infrastructure), and secondly, a process approach (the sequence of production cycles) is also
taken into account. The development of a policy for the formation of tourist complexes in the
ancient cities region is carried out in four stages: the goals and objectives of the policy for the
formation of the tourist complex are determined, the principles of the policy for the formation of
the tourist complex are developed, regulatory legal documents regulating the activities of the
tourist complex are adopted, and it is necessary to develop mechanisms for implementing the
policy for the formation of the tourist complex.
References:
1. The Message of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy
Majlis dated January 24, 2020.
2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism". Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 549
dated July 18, 2019. National database of legislative documents, 07/19/2019, No.
03/19/549/3446; National database of legislative documents, 04/21/2021, No. 03/21/683/0375,
12/10/2021, No. 03/21/721/0952.
3. Balabanov I.T., Balabanov A.I. Economics of tourism. Study guide. – M.: Finance and
Statistics, 2011. 116. WITH
4. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism". Tashkent, July 18, 2019, No.549. (National
Database of Legal Documents, July 19, 2019, No. 03/19/549/3446).
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in St. Petersburg. Monograph. – St. Petersburg, 2017. P. 1020.
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6. Aliyeva M.T. Iqtisodiyotni erkinlashtirish sharoitida turizm xizmatlari sohasini
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