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6.995, 2024 7.75
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82
DISCLOSURE OF EDUCATIONAL ISSUES IN ABULQASUM FIRDAUSI'S
"SHOHNOMA"
O‘rinov Sh.K
Teacher of the Department of Music Performance and Culture, BuxDU
Toyirova Z
1st year student of the Department of Cultural Studies, BuxDU
Salvation is in education, salvation is in upbringing, salvation is in knowledge.
Sh.M.Mirziyoyev
Annotation:
In today's 21st century, as much as mass media, telephones, computers, tablets, etc.
are necessary in our lives, we also feel the need for literary, scientific, philosophical books.
Because when a person reads a book, the eyes, brain, and emotions work together, and gradually
you begin to analyze the lives of the heroes of the work. If necessary, your mind begins to be
able to find their shortcomings. It is no wonder that a person who has read a lot of books will be
able to apply what he knows in practice in the future and make new investments in science. In
this article, we will talk about the work of Abulkasim Firdawsi, one of the books that sharpens
the mind and serves to develop human spirituality.
Keywords:
"Zafarnama", leadership qualities, manuscripts, successors of "Shahnama",
admonition motif, Safavids.
It is no exaggeration to say that after the Republic of Uzbekistan gained independence, our
historical memory and national customs and traditions were restored. Independence gave us a lot.
Our language, religion, culture all returned to us. During the colonial period, our people were
prevented from obtaining education, and schoolchildren were educated in an atheistic spirit. 2.5
thousand of our women and girls lost their lives prematurely during the mass veiling. We do not
want to completely condemn the colonial era, but there were developments in our industry
during that period. But what makes one think is that we had enlightened people who wanted to
see the liberation of their people and the technologies of developed countries in their country.
The era they dreamed of has come. Today, the reforms in our country led by our President
Shavkat Miromonovich are making young and old alike happy. Our President raised the issue of
youth to the level of state policy. The creative heritage of all the great people, including our first
President Islam Karimov, our ancestors, scientists, poets, has been restored and their memories
have been immortalized. In the future, Uzbekistan will join the Top 50 developed countries. For
this, we, the youth, are expected to make fundamental changes, even in our own fields. The time
has come to wake up!
Before a brief analysis of the work of the thinker, Persian-Tajik writer Abulqasim Firdausi,
“Shahnama”, let us briefly dwell on the life path of the great poet Firdausi. The poet was born in
the city of Tus in the Khorasan region (present-day Afghanistan and its environs). His
contemporaries recognized him as a “wise man”. The poet wrote most of his works at the court
of Mahmud Ghaznavi, the ruler of the Ghaznavids. If we look at history, we find information
Volume 15 Issue 05, May 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
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that this ruler was familiar with poetry. According to legends, the ruler asked Firdausi to write a
work dedicated to him and promised to give him one gold coin for each verse of the work written.
Of course, this was a large sum of money. When the work was ready, he reneged on his promise
when he heard that it consisted of 60,000 bayts (120,000 verses). Mahmud of Ghaznavi tried to
deceive the poet and gave him a silver coin instead of a gold one. Noticing this, Abu'l-Qasim
Firdausi was offended and gave away half of the money and used the rest to buy drinks for the
trip. His deed reached the king, who ordered him to be thrown at the feet of a rabid elephant.
Firdausi was told that he had to flee the country. The great poet of his time was forced to live in
exile.
Let's quote some wise quotes from Firdausi's work:
When you go to the library and get hold of Abu'l-Qasim Firdausi's "Shahnama", the first chapter
of which is called:
A few words from the description of the mind:
Today, O wise man, let us begin our speech
with the praise of the mind.
Speak whatever you know about the mind,
do not be too eager to be too busy.
The highest of God's blessings is understanding,
Whoever praises the mind with a pure heart.
The mind is a living soul, the poor do not know,
The mind is the essence of life, memorize this.
The mind shows the way and makes the heart happy,
The intelligent one is prosperous in both worlds.
From the mind comes sadness, joy, and happiness
From the mind comes existence, absence, and lack.
If the mind is dull, every person
will not be able to achieve happiness for a time.
With these lines, the poet,
According to Abulqasim Firdausi, the highest of the blessings given by God is considered to be
the mind. Indeed, the poet is right. In line with Firdawsi's thoughts on intelligence, let us cite the
words of wise men who have made a worthy contribution to Uzbek and world literature:
I have seen people in the world who asked God to give me wealth, I have seen people who
asked God to give me children, I have seen people who asked God to give me health, I have seen
people who asked God to give me happiness - but I have not seen anyone who asked God to give
me a little intelligence - O'.Hoshimov.
Imagine that there is a cup of tea in front of you, you added a little sugar to it and waited and
drank it, but the tea was still not sweet. You waited another half hour and drank it, but the tea
was still not sweet, on the contrary, the tea has cooled down and you no longer want to drink it.
Why do you say that the tea was not sweet, because you did not stir it. In fact, the tea in the cup
is life, and the sugar is intelligence. If you do not use your intelligence, your life will not be
beautiful - Hazrat Jalaluddin Rumi.
Let's take a look at the following lines:
A lesson from the words of the wise
This is the advice of a wise person:
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If a person cannot be guided by his intellect,
His heart is the work he does.
The wise call him a madman,
The wise call him a stranger.
The intellect reaches greatness by the wayside,
The foolish are always busy at his feet.
The intellect is the eye of the heart, if you reach it,
You will pass through the world of evil blindly.
The intellect is the sultan of what God has given you,
The intellect is actually the guardian of the heart.
Your eyes, ears, tongue,
You will reach the good and the bad of these.
Who can describe the intellect and the heart?
If I describe it, who will listen?
What is the use of words without judges?
Seek the foundation of the world and see the way?
The supreme being who created the world,
You know all the visible and the hidden.
Always let your mind be your guide
Stay away from unworthy deeds.
Seek the path towards the words of the wise,
Repeat the wise word and travel the world.
The person who never stumbles in life is not strong, but the person who finds the strength to fall
nine times and get up ten times is strong - Winston Churchill.
Let's turn to these lines:
“If a person cannot be guided by his mind,
Everything he does will be destroyed by his heart”
Man is considered the highest of all creatures, only he is given reason, perception, and only he is
given a developing mind. That is why a person is responsible for every action. In legal states,
every person is always responsible for his actions, whether he has reached adulthood or not, for
his actions that violate the law. For example, Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan states that all citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan have the same rights and
freedoms and are equal before the law, regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, religion,
social origin, beliefs, personality and social status.
Educating a person intellectually without
educating him morally is a threat to society - Theodore Roosevelt. The most evenly distributed
thing in this world is intelligence. Because until now, no one has complained about his lack of
intelligence - Michel Montaigne.
These words may sound a little ridiculous, but they are true. If we lack the necessities of life, we
immediately complain. But we have been given the supreme gift of intelligence to cover up these
shortcomings.
“If we wait for help from someone or wait for the right moment, changes will not happen. We
only have to wait for ourselves. We ourselves are the change we need,” says Barack Obama, who
became the President of the United States in 2008.
Volume 15 Issue 05, May 2025
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Then let's analyze the verses:
Whenever you hear a word from science
You study it day and night.
When a ray of science falls into your heart
Then you know that science is endless.
After these chapters, the poet talks about the creation of the world. According to him, first the
four elements: fire, water, air, earth were created, then plants, animals and finally the highest
being - man was created. Then the poet tells about the compilation of the book “Shahnama”
before him “The poet Daqiqi, who wrote the Shahnama.
This work is mainly addressed to kings and rulers, in today's language, to Leaders and cadres.
This work is written in the genre of advice, that is, in the language of science, in the didactic
genre.
The Great Sahibkiran A. Temur said, “A wise minister is one who, depending on his position,
sometimes acts with severity and sometimes with gentleness. Such a minister is neither too strict,
nor does he soften with too much gentleness. If he is too gentle, worldly people will devour him.
If he is too strict, they will avoid him and will not turn to him for help. So, a wise minister is one
who, by implementing the affairs of the royal enterprise with the most correct measures and
measures, and by understanding it well, brings the state into order and discipline,” it is not for
nothing that he emphasized. In conclusion, we can say that studying the life and work of
Abulkasim Firdawsi, we are convinced that there are many things that we need to learn and teach
in this world. Reading this century, I received good motivations, in today's language. Even
Western countries are studying and applying the works of our ancestors. As our esteemed
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said, “We have a rich history worthy of admiration, we have
ancestors worthy of admiration, and I hope that we will have an enviable future and enviable
youth. In the coming years, there will be great changes in our country. To see our country among
the developed countries, we young people are required to read, read and read again. The time has
come to make at least a small contribution to the development of our nation. I believe that by
studying and preserving the heritage of our ancestors, we young people will do something new
for the future.
Literature used:
1. Abulkasim Firdavsi. The work "Shahnoma".
2. Shavkat Mirziyoyev. "New Uzbekistan Development Strategy". New edition.
3. Islam Karimov. "High spirituality - invincible power". Spirituality-2008.
4. Otabek Hasanov. "Book of Leaders". Tashkent-2023.
