Materials Science

Состояние рынка огнеупорных материалов в мире определяет макроэкономическую ситуацию в стране, т.к. основными потребителями огнеупорных материалов являеются: черная и цветная металлургия, производство цемента и стекла, стройматериалов, нефтехимическая промышленность и энергетика. Черная и цветная металлургия потребляет в сумме более 75 % огнеупорных материалов, производимых в мире, и оказывает решающее влияние на огнеупорную отрасль. Огнеупоры являются конструктивными и вспомогательными материалами для строительства тепловых агрегатов в металлургии, производстве строительных материалов, энергетике и многих других отраслях народного хозяйстве.

Subject of the inguiry: complex connections of nickcl(II), zinc(II), vanadil(II) and coppcr(II) on the basis of received by condensation an bis-P-dikctones with hydrazides of benzoyiles acids.
Aim of the inguiry: synthesis of new complex connections on a basis an bis-bcnzoyilhydrazoncs, a structure and structure establishment, studying of physical and chemical and biologically active properties, a choice of complex connections with expressed biologically active properties and their recommendation for application.
Methods of inguiry’: elementary analysis, IR-, NMR 'Н- and ESR spectroscopy. X-ray structural the analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty’: arc developed preparation methods of synthesis of a scries new ligand on the basis of products of condensation an encore -Рбензоилгидразонов with бензгидразидом. Complex connections Ni(II), Zn(II), VO(II) and Cu(II) on the basis of allocated ligands arc received and characterised. Biological properties of some of the received complexes arc investigated.
Practical value: the obtained compounds arc introduced to the educational process and certain preparations, possessing expressed biologically active characteristics as facilitator of the rise and productivity of the cotton plant arc determined.
Degree of embed: the new ligands and complexes arc applied to the educational process on faculty organic and physcolloidal chemistry of the Bukhara State University, the preparations «ТК-96» are tested on experimental fields of Bukhara branch of the Uzbek Republican research and development institute of cotton culture, with a heightening of productivity to 3,2 centners per hectare bu using the preparation «ТК-96», as contrasted to audit alternative.
Sphere of usage: chemistry of coordination compounds, biology, agriculture.

Строительный комплекс можно сравнить с локомотивом, вытягивающим страну из кризиса. Анализ прогнозных данных показывает, что в ближайшие 5 лет приоритетное развитие получит жилищное, в том числе индивидуальное, строительство. Ежегодного увеличения жилой площади на 1 м 2 на каждого гражданина Узбекистана потребуется увеличение ввода общего количества жилой площади на 20–25 %, что приведет к существенному росту потребности в мелкоштучных стеновых изделиях и клеющих материалах (цементно – песчаных растворах).

Одной из важнейших проблем является безопасность древесностружечных, древесноволокнистых и других плитных материалов для экологии в широком понимании (окружающая среда) и для комфортного состояния человека в мире материальной культуры, в котором мебель играет важнейшую роль.

В последние годы опубликовано много информации о мокрых способах обогащения кварцевых песков и различных типах используемого промышленного оборудования. Мокрый способ обогащения кварцевых песков востребован на предприятиях стекольной промышленности

Тадқиқод объектлари: соапсток, госсипол смоласи, лигнин, сода -сульфатли аралашмалардан иборат.
Ишнинг мақсади: ёғ-мой саноати чиқиндилари ва бошка техноген ресурслар асосида рақобатбардош янги техник ювувчи восита, занг модификатора битумсимон композициялар, самарали ҳимоя қилувчи изоляцион копламалар олишнинг физик-кимёвий, технологик асосларини яратиш.
Тадқиқот методлари: кимёвий, физик-кимёвий, рентгенфаза, дифференциал термик, ИҚ-спектроскопик ва бошқа усуллар.
Олинган натижалар ва уларнинг янгилиги: илк бор ёғ-мой комбината чиқиндиси соапсток ва сода-сульфатли аралашма асосида паст ҳароратда (70°С) ва қисқа муддатларда (60 мин) юқори тозалаш даражасини (97-98%) таъминловчи техник ювувчи воситаларни олиш мумкинлиги физик-кимёвий тахдиллар асосида исботланди. Янги техник ювувчи воситанинг ювиш эффекта механизми ўрганилди. Экстракцион фосфат кислотаси, гидролиз саноати чиқиндиси лигнин, фурфурил спирта ва гексаметилентетрамин асосида зангни модификацияловчи ва металл юзасида турғун ҳимоя катлами ҳосил килувчи янги турдаги композициялар яратилди. Яратилган композиция занг катлам билан бирикиб хелат комплекс хосил қилиши кўрсатиб берилди. Илк бор госсипол смоласини хаво кислороди билан оксидлаш орқали турли маркадаги битумсимон композициялар олиш усули яратилди. Ушбу жараёнда кислороднинг кўш бог билан бирикиши ИҚ-спектроскопик усулда ўрганилди ва молекулларнинг тикилиши хисобига молекуляр массанинг ортиши кўрсатилди.
Амалий аҳамияти: ушбу воситаларнинг чиқиндилар асосида яратилиши ўз навбатида регионнинг экологик муҳитини яхшилайди, ишлаб чиқаришнинг техник-иктисодий кўрсаткичларини оширади ва олинаётган махсулотлар таннархини кескин камайтиради.
Татбиқ этиш даражаси ва иқтисодий самарадорлиги: соапсток асосида олинган техник ювиш воситаси “Урганчкорммаш” заводида синовдан ўтказилди ва хар бир тонна махсулот эвазига 8320000 (2008 й) сўм иқтисодий самара берди.
Янги турдаги занг модификатори ва зангга карши композицияларни Навоий тог-металлургия комбинатига карашли Зарафшон-Учкудук магистрал газ кувурида кўллашга руҳсат олинди.
Госсипол смоласини хаво кислороди ёрдамида оксидлашга асосланган битум олиш технологияси “Урганч-ёғ ” ОАЖ да синовдан ўтказилди ва ишлаб чиқаришга жорий килинди.
Қўлланиш (фойдаланиш) сохаси: ДАК «Узкимёсаноат», ДАК «Узбекэнерго», «Узбекнефтгаз» МХК, Навоий тоғ-металлургия комбината давлат корхонаси ва агрессив муҳитда ишловчи барча корхоналарда металконструкцияларни коррозиядан ҳимоялашда қўлланилади.

В настоящее время не утратило своей актуальности создание новых прогрессивных энерго- и ресурсосберегающих технологических процессов, обеспечивающих использование вторичного сырья, шлаков и других отходов промышленности. В стратегии по переходу Республики Узбекистан на «зеленую» экономику на период 2019 — 2030 годов, для повышения энергоэффективности базовых отраслей, в частности в сфере производства строительных материалов, были предусмотрены увеличение объемов использования вторичных ресурсов и крупнотоннажных техногенных отходов отраслей промышленности (энергетики, металлургии, химии) при производстве строительных материалов, а также внедрение инновационных энергоэффективных технологий по производству строительных материалов.

В статье рассмотрены вопросы футеровки вращающихся печей, описываются защита корпуса печи от высокой температуры, химического и истирающего воздействия обрабатываемого материала. С целью уменьшения термических напряжений на участках приграничных к факельной зоне спекания до 20%, увеличение срока службы футеровки в 1,1 – 1,2 раза в результате выравнивания термических напряжений на участках зоны спекания предложено применение футеровки из параллельных рядов чередующихся шамотных и хромомагнезитовых огнеупорных изделий.

Мақолада минерал ўғитларга теримк ишлов бериш орқали қуритиш жараёни ва унда қўлланиладиган қурилмаларнинг тахлили, жараёндаги мавжуд муаммолар ва уларнинг мақбул ечимлари ҳамда барабанли қуритгичнинг гидродинамик режимлари тадқиқ қилинган. Қурилманинг умумий гидравлик қаршилиги ва контакт элементнинг қаршилик коэффициентини аниқловчи тенглама тавсия этилган.

The aim of research work is a theoretical investigation of the mechanisms of the surface and linear photovoltaic effect in semiconductors with cubic symmetry, also two-dimensional electronic states.
Scientific novelty of dissertation work consists in the following:
the oscillation of the transmission coefficient was determined when the effective masses of electrons in the neighboring layers of an asymmetric layered structure arc different on the basis of the Bastard condition;
a mathematical expression was determined for the temperature dependence of the current of the linear photovoltaic effect in p-GaAs observed in intersubband single-photon transitions due to the asymmetry of electron-phonon and electronphoton interactions;
an asymmetric scattering of electrons by photons and phonons in semiconductors with a complex valence band was calculated by the Keldysh diagram technique, it was shown that the spectral dependence of the ballistic photocurrent is determined by the spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient;
it was shown that the appearance of a ballistic photocurrent is due to the change in the numerical value of the photocurrent, depending on the sign of the band parameters of the semiconductor, taking into account the linear and cubic terms depending to the wave vector in the Hamiltonian of holes;
a mathematical expression for the surface photocurrent in a semi-infinite multivallcy semiconductor in an external magnetic field was determined, depending on temperature and frequency.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. Nowadays, in the countries of the world with developed chemical and oil-chemical industry loss as a result of corrosions metal forms is distributed 20 percentage of annual production metal. Under large planning the expansion their production and modernizations production organization, appears the problem of the increase lifetime polymeric and metallic product1.
For independence years of our Republic toward development of production of different new products in chemical industry broadly covered actions on the protection of metal from corrosion in agricultures, home services and production spheres, in this direction, as follows, production qualitative inhibitors, which serves in determined degree to increase lifetime polymeric and metallic products have been implemented. It is possible to note the applicable and designed inhibitors at the process of the corrosion, as well as antioxidants for the protection of polymeric products.
These days, in the world the pyridinic, low-molecular and high-molecular amines and oxyamincs, fatty syntetic acids, high-molecular alcohols, the basis of the quinoline, imidazolines, derived thiourea, urotropin, phosphorus-containing compounds, as well as by-products production of syntetic rubber, coke-chemical and petrochemical products arc used as main raw materials for the production of inhibitors. For this purpose, in our country systematic scientific studies arc making on the creation of new types of inhibitor and antioxidants. In connection with increasing need to applicable inhibitor, it appears practicability of the creation of universal inhibitors based on advanced technology. During the solution of this task there is a need of development and obtaining inhibitors using local raw material resources as a source of raw materials in the synthesis of oligomer inhibitors having set of valuable and useful characteristic.
This dissertation research in determined degree serves for performing the tasks, provided in resolution of the President of the Republic Uzbekistan number 1442 on December 15, 2010 "About priority of the development of industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan" and number 1072 on March 12, 2009 "About the program of the measures on realization the major project on the modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of production", as well as in other normative legal documents accepted in this sphere.
The aim of the research is to develop technologies of obtaining nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur-containing multifunctional oligomer antioxidants for polymeric material and inhibitor to corrosions for protection metal from corrosion.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the structure and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized organic chemical additives based on the oligomer of derivatives of gossypol, a polymethylcncdi(thio)amidophosphatcs, oligomer on the basic of epichlorohydrin with di(thio)amidophosphatcs and oligomer of dimethyl terephthalate with polyeth-ylcncpolyamine is defined;
it is defined influences of the received inhibiting additives on the basic of N-, S-and the P-containing oligomer on physical and chemical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials and metal products;
arc defined efficiency of the antioxidants synthesized the oligomer on the basis of gossypol with antioxidants of a class of the spatial complicated Phenolums and qualitative and quantitative differences arc installed in the mechanism of their action;
the inhibiting properties of the corrosion inhibitors developed the oligomer for protection of metals against the hydrochloric, hydrosulphuric and acid corrosion arc defined;
the technology of taking new oligomer antioxidants and inhibitors of corrosion and forecasting of the inhibiting properties of antioxidants is developed for polymers and inhibitors of corrosion at inhibition of corrosion of metals.
CONCLUSION
1. Methods of obtaining antioxidants on the basis of gossypol with epichlorohydrin and allyl compounds under different conditions and proportions of reagents.
2. Polyfunctional oligomer antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors containing N-, S-, P- have been recommended and oligomer derivatives of gossypol, polymcthilcncdi (thio)amidophosphate, oligomers obtained on the bases of epichlorohydrin with di(thio)amidophosphatc and oligomers obtained on the bases of dimcthyltcrcph-thalate with polyethylene polyamine.
3. By using IR-spcctroscopy, mass-chromatography, differential thermal analysis, etc. the structure and the inhibitory activity of the synthesized oligomers in the reactions of PE degradation has been studied. It has been reveallcd that the synthesized oligomers based on gossypol prevent thermo-oxidative aging of polymers and they have been recommended in exchange of «Irganox 1010» used in the industry on its efficiency.
4. Oxygen uptake kinetics and stable source of LDPE has been investigated at various pressures of molecular oxygen. It has been established that in addition to inhibiting the reactions of the polymer oxidation process, oligomer antioxidant leads to the deceleration of the process of degradation of the polymer composition.
5. As a result of oligomer antioxidants SKI-3 and SKMS-30 ARKM-15 based on gossypol representing antioxidant activity in rubber mixtures they have been recommended for use in exchange of antioxidant «Irganox 1010».
6. It has been shown that the introduction of mixtures of oligomeric stabilizers in the SKI-3 and SKMS-30 ARKM-15 rubbers leads to a significant increase in the thermal stability, and observed a synergistic effect is higher for 2.4-3 times than the sum of the individual effects of stabilizers.
7. When the inhibitory evolution of oligomer corrosion inhibitors was studied on the bases of conducted experiments, having exposed that their anticorrosion efficiency is 98-99%, the use of IC-4 and IC-5 inhibitors in the saline medium and IC-3 inhibitors in the acid medium has been recommended.
8. Process technology of oligomer antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors has been recommended.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. In a world of more than 20% of the buildings and premises of the fire will become unusable state. To improve the fire resistance of the construction materials processing phosphorus, sulfur and chlorinc-containing oligomers increased by 5.4% in 2016. Processing of buildings and building materials against fire protection and improvement of the rheological, physical and mechanical properties and the regulation of structure of composite materials and synthetic modifiers of reactive oligomer is an urgent problem1.
During the years of independence in our country to obtain polifunktsio-tional fire-resistant materials, anti-corrosion coatings were carried out great activities in this direction, including the use of high-quality phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine-containing oligomers and polymers arc paying attention to the environmental and economic performance.
Today in the world to improve the quality and efficiency of phosphorus, sulfur and chlorinc-containing oligomers and polymeric materials to pay attention to the appropriate research, in this aspect, certain scientific and practical interest arc reactive oligomers containing functional groups F, Cl, S; wherein the phosphorus and sulfur containing oligomers can be effectively used alone or together to produce on their basis highly effective flame retardants, sealants, and coatings as well as for other purposes; study of the process of synthesis of these oligomers, their physical and chemical characteristics, as well as possible areas of application and technology development arc relevant.
This dissertation research is to a certain extent the tasks stipulated in the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 1442 of December 15, 2010 «On the priorities of industrial development of Uzbekistan for the period 2011-2015», Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 4707 from March 4, 2015 «About on additional measures to reduce production costs and reduce the cost of the product» and the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers № 8 of 22 January 2015 «For the implementation of important projects on modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of production» and other legal documents taken in this area.
The aim of the research is the development of technology production and use in the manufacture of composite polymeric materials of new oligomers based on phosphorus, sulfur-, chlorinc-containing compounds.
In accordance with the purpose of following tasks:
the study of methods for the preparation of new high phosphorus, sulfur -, chlorinated oligomers, to determine the optimal conditions for their synthesis;
study of the structure, physico-chemical and physico-mcchanical properties of P, S, Cl- containing oligomers; modifiers for studying the synthesis of F, C1-, S-containing oligomers and their modifications;investigatc the fire, physical, mechanical and corrosion properties of F, C1-, S- containing oligomers, to justify the technical and economic efficiency of these oligomers.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
obtained P, Cl, S- containing oligomers based on local raw materials;
is investigated a composition and properties of synthesized compounds;
is investigated a composition and properties of synthesized compounds;
investigated modifiers for the synthesis of P, Cl, S- containing oligomers and their modifications;
investigated the physical-mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of phosphorus, chlorine, sera- containing oligomers, fire, grounded technical and economic efficiency of these oligomers.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Proposed a modification technology by chemical transformation, hardening and strengthening the mechanical properties of sealants based on the various polysulfide oligomers
2. Proposed the mechanism of the process of curing polysulfidc oligomers via the obtained activation systems and the possibility of obtaining white thiokol sealants, having high deformation-strength and adhesion properties. Studied the thermal properties of sealants based thiokol oligomer used as curatives zinc oxide and manganese dioxide, with methods TG and DTA. Was determined that the Thiokol adhesives with zinc oxide have a lower level of thermal and relaxation characteristics compared with Thiokol sealants manganese dioxide, which is associated with a different nature produced vulcanite network.
3. Recommended the mechanism of action of the process retardant wood and polymers based phosphorus-containing compositions, which offer ample opportunities for purposeful synthesis of new oligomeric flame retardants.
4. Conducted the tests of the obtained oligomeric name retardant grades of АР-100, АР-110, АР-120, АР-130, АР-140, AP-150 and ADj-1 ADj-2, ADj-3, when the flame-retardant action of wood and polymers. Was determined that the in their performance, these products can be compared with the applicable foreign counterparts, the pattern shown is associated with the presence of a flame retardant in the macromolecule polar functional groups
5. Developed flame retardants based phosphorus containing oligomers cured various activators which raise high group of the efficiency of fire retardant wood and polymers. It is recommended to use the stamps oligomers АР-100, АРНО, АР-120, АР-130, AP-140, AP-150 and ADj-1, ADj-2, 3-ADj as hardeners.
6. Studied the effect obtained modifiers based on phosphorus and sulfur-containing compounds in the physic-chemical and physico-mcchanical properties of chlorosulfonatcd polyethylene. It is shown that by the interaction of a large variety of polymer becomes adhcsively-activc functional groups. It is shown that the modified polymer macromolecule becomes active adhesively wide variety of functional groups.
7. Established the regularities of structure formation of adhesive compositions and their influence on the adhesive strength of the composition based on a chlorosulfonatcd polyethylene modified obtained phosphorus - nitrogen compounds.
8. Studied the surface structure of the films formed in the modification of the compositions. It is shown that when there is a significant modification of the curvature of the film surface. This structural effect showing an increase fixing strength by increasing the area of the contact surface.
9. Developed the technology of P, CI, S- containing compounds based on local raw materials and implemented LLC «QAYUM HOJI SER.VIS», «KAFOLAT REZINA» LLC, Tashkent UMG. The resulting P, CI, S- containing compounds have a high fire resistance, wcathcrability and resistance to aggressive environments.

Actuality and claiming of dissertation theme. At present time the natural gas reserves all over the world is 144 trln.m3, of which 1.5-2.0% exposed to chemical processing. Development of catalysts and technological processes meeting modern requirements for the processing of natural gas is an actual problem of today. At present, on a world scale a demand for ethylene is 150 mln. tons, vinyl chloride - 42 mln. tons, vinyl acetate - 3.8 million tons1.
After achieving the independence of our republic turned actual development of technologies producing substances, imported from abroad for currency: for example, acetone, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, liquid fuel. Therefore, special consideration is given to the development of the catalysts with high-efficiency, selectivity, steadiness, stability, strength, active and cheapest having a low cokability for catalytic oxycondensation, aromatizing methane, as well as hydrochlorination, hydration and acetylation of acetylene. At the same time, is conducted a study on the optimization of catalytic systems for maximum yield, modeling technological processes and reactors, the development of energy and resource saving, waste-free technologies.
Today, in order to develop on a world scale acetone, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, liquid fuel is being paid a particular attention to the solution of the following tasks: catalytic oxycondensation of methane; hydrochlorination, hydration and acetylation of acetylene. Establishing the physicochemical and thermodynamic foundations of an effective technology and providing with equipment, creating a mathematical model of the reactor with the ideal allocation, establishment of optimum technological parameters and development of energy and resource saving technologies for the production of the abovementioned products.
The research of the dissertation in significant level promotes the solution of the tasks, set out in normative legal documents, dedicated to such activities: Orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 15, 2008 DP-916- «Additional measures to promote the implementation of the innovation projects and technologies in production» and the DP-1071 of March 11, 2009 «The program of measures to intensify the construction of chemical plants and mastering the production of new chemical products », and DP-1072 of March 12, 2009 « On program measures of important projects realization on modernization, technical and technological upgrading of production» and also other normative-legal acts concerning the given activity.
The aim of the investigation is to establish the composition and development of the technology for producing a catalyst with high efficiency and low coking processing for processing methane, as well as modeling and optimization of technological parameters of the reactor.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research is as follows:
studied the kinetic objective laws of reactions with the presence of the catalyst obtained under a differential reactor, found optimum conditions of processes flow, proposed the mechanisms of occurrence of studied reactions, selected kinetic equations presenting the process and tested their adequacy;
it was thermodynamically justified flow of the reactions of catalytic oxicondensation and aromatization of methane, as well as hydration, hydrochlorination and acetylation of acetylene;
created physico-chemical and thermodynamic bases of efficient technology and equipment for processes of processing methane and optimized technological parameters of equipment with a solid catalyst bed; developed the process technology of catalytic oxicondensation of methane in a single-stage adiabatic equipment operating in the mode of external diffusion; established the composition and technology of obtaining a catalyst with a strong selective effect and highly operability for obtaining C2 and aromatic hydrocarbons from methane and increase the yield of products in the synthesis of vinyl chloride, acetone and vinyl acetate from acetylene.
The technological parameters of the synthesis of ethylene, liquid fuel, acetone, vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate were developed.
Conclusions
1. It was offered catalysts having thermal stability, high activity, selectivity and efficiency, with a low coking for the various processes of local raw materials: for methane oxicondensation-composition [(Mn2O3)x·(KCl)y·(ZrO2)z и (Mn2O3)x·(Na2MoO4)y·(ZrO2)z]; for catalytic aromatization [5,0% Mo * 1,0% Zr * 1,0% Zn / bentonite], for catalytic hydrochlorination [(ZnCl2)x·(FeCl3)y·(CuCl)z ], [(18,0 % CdF2, 2,0 % AlF3, 5,0 % Cr2O3, 75,0 % Al2O3 and 10,0 % ZnO, 5,0 % Ni2O3, 5,0 % Fe2O3, 80,0 % Al2O3)], for acetylation reaction [(ZnO:CdO:ZrO2/keramzit)].
2. It was studied the kinetic regularities of the reactions on obtained catalysts in terms of the differential reactor, determined the optimal reaction conditions, offered the mechanisms of the reactions studied, selected kinetic equations that show the process and tested their adequacy.
3. It were selected physico-chemical and thermodynamic bases of maintenance with equipment and instruments for efficient processing technology of processing methane and based on non-linear equations of the kinetic and thermal balance optimized technological parameters of the process on a dense bed of catalyst.
4. It was created a mathematical model of the reactor with ideal exclusion, which allows to calculate the conversion and selectivity of the processes and yield of the product under different reaction conditions of oxicondensation of methane, acetylene, hydrochlorination, as well as established the scientific bases of reactions, a single-stage adiabatic reactor in external diffusion mode.
5. It was conducted mathematical modeling of reactors of the process for producing ethylene by methane oxicondensation and liquid fuels by aromatization, as well as the production of acetone by hydrating, vinyl chloride and chloroprene by hydrochlorination, vinyl acetate by acetylation.
6. It was selected the kinetic model of reactions based on the study of reactions to established catalysts and proposed mechanisms of reaction course, as well as based on the analysis of kinetic models of processes optimized and chosen the best type of reactor; based on a mathematical model of the reactor selected the optimal size of the layer and the catalyst grains.
7. It was offered advanced, low-waste, energy and resource-saving technologies for producing ethylene by methane oxicondensation, acetone by hydration of acetylene, vinyl chloride and chloroprene by hydrochlorination and vinyl acetate by acetylation of acetylene.
8. It were proposed various catalysts for the production of various products, their production schedules made and implemented in the production of JSC “Navoiyazot”, for the production of ethylene from natural gas manganese-potassium- zirconium keramzit; for synthesis of ethylene from natural gas - manganese- molybdenum -sodium- zirconium-keramzit; for the production of acetone from acetylene cadmium-chromium-fluorine- aluminium; for production of acetone from acetylene iron- zinc-nickelkeramzit; for production of vinyl acetate from acetylene zinc- cadmium -zirconium-keramzit catalysts.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The experience of advanced countries (USA, Japan, Spain, France and others.) shows that the most effective authority in the water and land management at the landowners level arc non-governmental, non-profit and community organizations. These organizations contribute to equitable sharing of water resources, regardless of location, type and size of farmlands, prevention of illegal water withdrawals, reduce the volume of irrigation water losses, improving the quality of maintenance of canals, drainage and other infrastructure.
Uzbekistan water consumers association (WCA) is situating in intermediate position between governmental structure of water management and directly main water consumers. WCAs must be equipped with modem water and land resources management methods and tools, for increasing the water using efficiency, as well as coordination of the association members.
"On measures to improve land reclamation and rational use of water resources” from April 19, 2013 and Cabinet Ministries Decree № KM-82 "Approval order of water use and consumption in the Republic of Uzbekistan" from March 19, 2013, contributed in the providing of these studies. These tasks arc designed to mitigate water shortages through the introduction of improved operational adjustment methods of water use plans and optimize areas of crops, improve the efficiency of agronomic and reclamation methods based on the methods of forecasting the dynamics of soil moisture, upgrade laser leveling design methods and technologies.
Subject of research - economic and mathematical model of water allocation and optimization crop areas, soil moisture-storage technology and its models, as well as the technology of laser land leveling with soil subsidence.
Scientific novelty of dissertation research is as follows:
developed water distribution and crop areas optimization method for increasing the irrigation water and land resources productivity;
developed method of forecasting the GWT dynamics with background of SHD;
for the first time developed method for determining evapotranspiration with the development of the plant root system, depth of arable layer and the GWT;
for the first time developed technique for forecasting soil moisture dynamics with background of SHD and applied technologies: traditional technology (root -arable - subsurface layers), stage by stage layer loosening (root - subsurface layers), deep loosening of the field in the vegetation period for the accumulation of moisture in soils (arable - subsurface layers);
developed technology for designing and land leveling works on subsiding soils.
CONCLUSION
Studies allow us to formulate the following conclusions, determined by theoretical and practical significance of the work:
1. An economic -mathematical model (equation 2) to adjust the water use plans in conditions of water scarcity was developed. Optimization problem of water distribution between crops in terms of WCAs and farmers can be solved by proposed model, which will minimize the loss of agricultural production under water scarcity. That allows to increase revenue 342 400 UZS/ha (WCA Sairam Kuyi Suvi -Chirchik district of Tashkent region) compared to the traditional methods of water distribution.
2. The economic -mathematical model (equation 3) for operational optimization of agricultural land with a deficit of irrigation water was developed. Experience of the crop area optimization indicate a need for diversification of species and varieties of crops. Only through proper diversification revenue can increase to the sum of 454 200 Uzb/ha (farm Mamatkul Jurakul ugli at WCA N.Mirzacv Kumkurgan District of Surkhondarya Region).
3. Created the economical-mathematical model (equation 4) to optimize areas of crops and volumes of water allocation under extention of water scarcity. Implementing the optimization of crops area and water distribution in the irrigation water shortage period minimized agriculture losses in dry years. For example, economic efficiency after the introduction of this method in the farm "Saodat" in WCA N.Mirzacv at Kumkurgan District of Surkhandarya Region was 821 500 UZS/ha higher than the control.
4. Until now, when modeling the moisture flow associated with the evaporation of the physical, not considered it’s changing to a limited extent. In this connection, in this work, is taken into account the change of volumetric humidity in the range of wilting moisture to field capacity. Based on the analytical solutions of moisture transfer in automorphic soils in the initial period of plant development and taking into account the development of the root system, by solving the inverse problem in physics (procedure Acad. Abutalieva FB) determined the physical parameters of soil in considered WCA.
5. An analytical dependence (equation 12) determines the moisture flow (physical evaporation) on the earth surface, based on agronomic parameters (tilth), the physical properties of soils and the development of plant root systems and soil humidity changes within a limited range (from wilting to field capacity).
6. The author suggests the analytical dependence (equation 15) of groundwater table dynamics at SHD background in space and time, which differs significantly from the results of P.Y. Polubarinova - Cochina, receiving an average depth of groundwater, the average value of the maximum and minimum water level.
Developed (transcendental) equation (equation 16) to determine the groundwater level to any fixed time period and is a function of the soil porosity, the soil percolation coefficient, the intensity of infiltration, the evaporation at the soil surface, drain spacing and critical depth.
7. The author created mathematical model (equation 17) which describes the SHD resistance coefficient and discharge in time. In contrast to acad. S.F. Averianov receiving SHD percolation resistance and discharge as constant value, the author proves the change SHD percolation resistance and its discharge.
8. Based on this formula the dynamics of the groundwater level, the author developed model (equation 23) and a software for solving the problem on the forecasting humidity for orchards, vineyards and perennial crops, i.e. humidity changes in a homogeneous soil. The results showed that the decrease in volumetric humidity near the drainage is faster than in the middle drainage space.
9. On the basis of theoretical studies, the dependence (equations 26 and 27) the change of humidity in a bilayer soil (vegetation period, arable and subsurface layers) allows to determine the dynamics of moisture in the aeration zone for collecting moisture from "artificial" winter floods caused by the transition to energetically management of transboundary waters.
10. The numerical solution of (equations 29 and 30) equations of the dynamics of moisture transfer in stage by stage layers loosening on the background of the SHD, consider having a two-layer medium (root and subsurface layers). Solution of the problem can optimize the depth and time of stage by stage layers loosening for increasing irrigation interval. The proposed simulation method of moisture transfer stage by stage layers loosening allowed to get accurate data on humidity changes in compared to the previously used method (F.A. Baraev and M. Abbaskhanov).
11. Mathematical models (equations 32, 33, 34), considering three-layer soil (root, arable and subsurface layers) allow to determine the dynamics of soil moisture on irrigated field under SHD background. Using the procedure by solving the inverse problem in physics (procedure Acad. Abutalieva FB) determined the physical parameters of soil in considered WCA.
12. Improved methods of laser leveling design (equations 35, 36) of irrigated land on subsiding soils, reduces the amount of cut/fill works to 12-16% (WCA Muhtarali Yusupov Kurgantepa district of Andijan Region). The developed method promotes creating a stable plane.

The aim of research work is numerical calculation of parameters of the structure with Si2Mn2S cells and investigation of the photoelectric parameters of single-crystalline silicon doped with Mn and S.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
samples of single-crystallinc silicon with erosion-free surface after high-tcmpcraturc doping with sulfur were obtained;
ionizing levels, infra-red quenching diapason were revealed in Si samples doped by S. as well as negative photo-conductivity in times of direct connection explained by injection of charge carriers was also revealed;
the phenomenon of sign reversal of charge carriers was detected in silicon samples doped with Mn and S at temperature T = 123K. and T = 198K. when illuminated due to charge exchange of deep levels associated with sulfur and manganese;
significant fraction of the infrared diapason in the values of Uoc and isc in a single-crystalline silicon sample doped with Mn and S has been revealed, which suggests to a certain extent that it would be possible to apply silicon with MnS clusters as a photocell;
total energy, IR-vibration and electronic spectra, and the spatial position of electrons of the structure with Si2MmS cells were calculated by implementing numerical calculation technique;
a fairly good correlation was found between the value of the vibration mode, the size of the energy gap of the cluster structure with Si2Mn2S cells, and experimental data on the study of the vibration spectra and photoconductivity of a sample doped with Mn and S.

Subjects of the inquiry: the natural silk, fibroin, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, waste of the silk.
Aim of the inquiry: the development ways receptions plastic material on base departure fibroin natural silk and polyethylene to low density at variation of their contents, study of their structure and physico-mcchanical, chemical characteristic; the study of the possibility of the practical use got plastic material in light industry.
Method of inquiry: optical and electronic spectroscopy, IR- Spectroscopy, sorption, X-ray analysis, DSC and others.
The results achieved and their novelty: technologies of the reception of the plastic material is designed in the first with given and best working characteristic on base fibroin silk and polyethylene, as well as more cheap and available cheese - a departure of the natural silk, which arc offered for broad use in light industry (textile, shoe and etc.).
Practical value: got plastic material arc recommended for use of light industry.
Degree of embed and economic effeeveness: called on test in condition Chirchikskoy baby shoe factory "KIBO" and on private enterprise "Gambct-alpha" have shown that economic effect from introduction plastic material on one footwear forms more than 150 bags.
Sphere of usage: in light industry (textile, shoe and etc.).

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Modem equipment, machinery and mechanisms as well as technological equipment used in cotton industry should have a high efficiency and reliability in the process of their exploitation. That is why targeted application of new highly efficient composite polymer materials in ensuring operational reliability of cotton processing machinery, together with equipment construction improvement, is one of the topical scientific issues, pending to be resolved.
It is known that the working surfaces of traditionally used metallic materials have technological roughness and sub microroughness with sharp peaks, intensively damaging cotton fiber during the processing, and, by this, resulting in lower productivity and higher energy consumption because of relatively high friction forces on their surfaces due to high hydrophilicity. Therefore, targeted use of efficient composite polymer materials and coatings based on them on the working surfaces of technological machines and mechanisms for assuring reliability, increasing productivity and reducing energy intensity of technological machines and preservation of natural cotton fiber quality due to mechanical defectiveness is highly relevant.
The decision marked the problem is directly related to the development of new energy-saving and resource-saving technologies of coating formation on the basis of efficient polymer materials on working surfaces of large production technologic machines.
Fundamental studies of the structural adaptability process, which is one of the features of frictional interaction in engineering materials science, and which is not being paid appropriate attention, determine the prospects for further development of materials in the “cotton - polymer composite” tribo-system. High elasticity of micro-and submicro roughness’s of composite polymer materials and coatings from them provides a relatively lower friction with cotton allowing sufficiently reduce its mechanical defectiveness. Herewith conducting multidisciplinary studies with regards to the nature, composition, structure and size of filler particles, to assess the quantitative and qualitative impact of technological factors to the formation of nanocomplex compounds on the interphase layer using activation-hclio technological method arc essential.
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.70 “On the program of modernization and reconstruction of the cotton industry plants for 2007-2011” dated 03.04.2007confirms the urgency and relevance of the dissertation topic, which is devoted to development of new compositions and energy and resource saving methodology for obtaining highly efficient composite polymer coatings for the working parts of the technological cotton processing equipment.
Purpose of research is to design the effective composite polymer coatings that arc capable adjust structurally while interaction with cotton and the technologies of obtaining them.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research. The scientific novelty of the thesis consists of:
determination of the improved mechanism of structural adjustability of the geometric and thermodynamics options while interaction of different in nature polymer materials as well as revealing the qualitative and quantitative effect of the improvement;
determination of unnoticed earlier effect of the structural adjustability of the composite materials with cotton that makes unavoidable the formation of electro conductive chains, ensuring the decrease of tribo electric charge density and, therefore the quantity of friction coefficient and the relative mechanical damage of cotton due to laminar structure of the filler;
exposing the effective structure forming modificator of gossypol epoxy while the hetero composite coatings formation with activation-helio technological method; 
offering a new method of structure forming with consideration of the gradient distribution of fillers particles over the coating thickness;
offering for the first time the mechanism of the nano complex compounds forming with mcchano-chcmical modification method for the obtaining of hetero composite coatings with activation and hclio-tcchnological method.
CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis and held theoretical and experimental researches it was firstly theoretically substantiated the possibilities of managing components of frictional interaction forces of polymer materials with raw cotton and purposeful regulation of mechanical damage of the cotton fiber by optimizing the structure and properties of the construction materials for machines and mechanisms of the technological equipment was offered.
The results of the research not only widen the theoretical knowledge in the sphere of the designing highly effective composite engineering materials being exploited in the conditions of the frictional interaction with cotton but also define the prospects of composite materials science development when designing new engineering materials with a rational application of the local raw materials and power resources.
Direct solar irradiation in the natural conditions of 710-750 W/m2 during 10-20 hours ensures the necessary degree (95-98% relatively) of hardening of hctcro-compositc epoxy coatings that have enough efficiency in the frictional interaction with cotton.
As the main conclusions can be noted the following:
1. As it is shown, the steady-state values of the structural parameters of frictional interaction in particular of the surface roughness coatings regardless of its initial value arc commensurate with a transverse dimensions not only of cotton fibers but also the altitude stepper roughness parameters, the most increase is observed in coatings based on thermal and thermoplastic binder resulted from their low thermal and mechanical properties. The best options of the structural adaptability with the least mechanical damage of cotton is observed when the fillers with a laminate structure stipulated by the particle decomposition that form sub and micro unevenness of the coatings.
2. Improving the cotton fillers by water soluble compositions based on Na KMS, PVC, polyethylene glycol using as SAS OP-10, salts NjN- dcmythclamin-cthylmctacrylatc with bromide ethyl was theoretically grounded on the study of the mechanism of the frictional interaction of materials. It was found that water soluble polymer composites applied when improving the cotton fiber not only participate as the acceptor which improve strength, antistatic and other properties of the cotton fibers but also ensure the effective decrease of mechanic damage of it in spite of some increase of the molecular frictional forces interaction with the surface of the coating that can be explained by a screening and strengthening effect.
3. For the first time earlier unnoticed effect of burnishing of the composite coating under the frictional interaction with cotton lies in the fact of unavoidable formation of electro conductive chains still observed while at enough low content of 2-5 pts.wt. graphite, due to laminate structure as a consequence of a structure and power self-organization of tribo system. The activated atoms of metals present in the wollastonit and kaolin fillers content in the kind of oxides while the frictional interaction alongside with polarized macro molecules of the improved compositions or with atoms of water also ensure the formation of a firm electro conductive chains over the whole contour surface of the frictional interaction. This convincingly proves the peculiarity of the structural adaptability while the interaction with cotton.
4. It was ascertained that mechanical activated local minerals - Angren kaolin and Kuytash wollastonit arc the effective fillers and gossypol epoxy is the effective structure forming one while designing of antifrictional epoxy hetero composite coating with raw cotton that were formed by activation and solar-technological method. It was shown that an even distribution of mineral particles over the capacity of the hetero composite epoxy coatings with previously grated polyethylene with purpose in certain correlations in dependence of the binder viscosity.
5. It is found that ions of metals formed while mechanical activation can have a good structure forming property alongside with the functional groups of gossypol epoxy, while mechanical activation of the mineral on the disintegrating installation implementing shock-splitting-abrasive effect that ensures the increase of the adhesion between the filler and the binder not only thanks to the increase of specific surface of the mechanically activated mineral but also to the increase of ionized spots that can form nano-complex compounds with the functionally activated groups of gossypol epoxy.
6. The formation of nano-complex compounds was ascertained by the analysis of IR-spcctcr and the mechanism (structure formula) of the structure formation in hetero composite polymer materials obtained by activation and solar-technological method
7. For the first time a new activation and solar-technological method ensuring a rational use of the local raw materials and power resources, required structure fonnational and antifriction wear resistant properties for the composite coatings for the large scale working surfaces of the technological cotton processing machines was offered. The choice of the fillers for mechanical activation from the local raw mineral material of Angren kaolin and Kuytash wollastonit is stipulated by that fact that they have industrial production and have got a close chemical composition and differ by a structure of formation that is characteristic to a wide specter of local minerals and can be served as a model sample of the local natural raw material having a potential possibilities for the application as the fillers, composite materials for machine- building.
8. It was found out that effectively introducing kaolin to improve antifriction properties of epoxy hetero composite coatings with the use of the local minerals and decrease of mechanical damage of cotton, and to increase wear resistance by introducing wollastonit. The optimal implementation of a laminar structure of kaolin while getting antifriction coating with required wear resistant can be achieved with the application of wollastonit with fraction content of 50-100 micron and the anisotropy coefficient not less than 2 in the amount of 5-10 pts.wt.
9. The designed new composition contents protected with the patents of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. IAP 04645 and No. IAP 04774, considerably excel their typical analogues by the combinations of properties thus ensuring the less value of F and 50 while interacting with cotton. At the same time, nowadays, they can be obtained by cutting material and energy also financial expenses that satisfy a consumer needs and large scale implementation of the work results.
10. The organization of the research work while choosing the effective composition construction materials based on estimation of the minimal value of the offered complex factor fS according to the firstly designed State Standard of Uzbekistan O’zDSt2822:2014, with the use of No. DGU 01171, No. DGU 01172, and also to the methodic of evaluating indefiniteness of measuring tribo parameters considerably cut time and labor expenses from the conducting research to the implementing the results.

The aim of research work is in the creation of the technology for of obtaining fire retardants on the bases of hetero functional siliconcontaining organic compounds for polyetylcne and water-dispersed paints.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists in the following:
It has been discovered that the critical value of length of hydrocarbon radicals wich holding various elements (nitrogen-, fluorine-, boron-, phosphorus- ) in the formation of silicon-containing oligomers depends on the indicators of concentration amount, and thermal properties of polyolyphincs and covers depend on the amount of silicon atom;
effective modification of methods of properties of polyolyphincs and covers due to the bonding of various radicals to silicon atom have been created;
directed control of ignation and combustible processes of polymers and composition materials based on local raw material silicate resources in the determination of key factors has been established;
technology of bonding of galogcnocpoxidc monomers, corbon acids and amine groups with silicates on the nuclcophil exchange reactions of siliconcontaining oligomer fire retardants, epoxide groups with hydroxyl groups has been developed;
modification technologies of nitrogen, phosphorus, fluorine and silicon containing hetcrofunctional oligomer fire retardants, hydrophil and hydrophob compounds - containing polyolyphincs and water-dispersed systems have been developed.

The aim of research work is the creation of the technology of obtaining fire retardants on the bases of hetero functional siliconcontaining organic compounds for polyetylene and water-dispersed paints.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists in the following:
It has been founded that the critical value of length of hydrocarbon radicals holding various elements (nitrogen-, fluorine-, boron-, phosphorus-) in the formation of siliconcontaining oligomers depends on the indicators of concentration amount, and thermal properties of polyolyphines and covers depend on the amount of silicon atom;
effective modification methods of properties of polyolyphines and covers due to the bonding of various radicals to silicon atom have been created;
directed control of ignation and combustible processes of polymers and composition materials based on local raw material silicate resources in the determination of key factors has been established;
technology of bonding of galogenoepoxide monomers, corbon acids and amine groups with silicates on the nucleophil exchange reactions of siliconcontaining oligomer fire retardants, epoxide groups with hydroxyl groups has been developed;
modification technologies of nitrogen, phosphorus, fluorine and silicon containing heterofunctional oligomer fire retardants, hydrophil and hydrophob compounds - containing polyolyphines and water-dispersed systems have been developed.

The aim of research work is to develop a design and technology for manufacturing special footwear for protection against static electricity based on a systemic approach using new types of electrically conductive fabrics.
The scientific novelty of the research work:
hierarchical scheme for the classification of special footwear with clcctrophysical properties and its new design;
the dependences of strength and electrical resistance of electrically conductive tissues on the number of cycles of moistening arc established;
on the basis of the significance of the indices of the properties of electrically conducting tissues, their complex evaluation is improved;
the design parameters of the main insole unit of current-carrying special footwear are established;
The technology of production of conductive special footwear for workers in the production of pyrotechnics was developed;
The the tendency of the change in the electrical resistance of the special footwear from the time of its wearing is established

The paper studies the physicochemical properties of import-substituted and export-oriented nitrogen, amine and phosphorus new composite inhibitors for corrosion protection of steels as well as scaling obtained from local raw materials and industrial wastes. Inhibiting properties of corrosion and mineral salt deposit accumulation in acid and hydrogen sulfide environments have been determined. It was found that the efficiency of the inhibition process with the use of composite inhibitors in acidic and hydrogen sulfide environments obeys the Langmuir law. The values of activation energy of the adsorption process in these media and thermodynamic values (∆H, ∆S, ∆G).