Journal of Management and Economics
9
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jme
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
9-11
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
15 March 2025
ACCEPTED
11 April 2025
PUBLISHED
13 May 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Characteristics of The Early
State Formation: State and
Temple Economy
M.M.Shakasimov
University of exact and social sciences, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article examines the effectiveness and
innovation performance of research activities in higher
education institutions within the framework of national
scientific and technological development strategies. It
explores the implementation of government directives
on science and innovation, the commercialization of
scientific results, and the integration of research into
the socioeconomic context. The study highlights the
methods used to measure research productivity,
including
scientometric
indicators
and
digital
monitoring tools. Emphasis is placed on the role of
academic staff motivation, youth involvement in
research, and the practical impact of international and
grant-based projects. The paper also analyzes the
application of research outcomes in addressing regional
challenges and evaluates the management of spin-off
enterprises and engineering schools in higher
education. The findings suggest that a structured and
results-oriented approach to scientific activity
significantly improves the institutional innovation
ecosystem. Recommendations are provided for
enhancing research output, policy alignment, and
fostering a culture of innovation within universities.
Keywords:
Higher education institutions, research
productivity,
innovation
performance,
commercialization, scientometric analysis, academic
motivation, grant-based projects.
Introduction:
The Earth of the ball various in the regions
economic development, culture development one in
the following way It is not over, of course. These
processes this regions landscape, climate conditions,
nature to oneself uniqueness aspects with related. From
this perspective from the point of view mankind long
ago various natural geographical to the conditions fall to
himself typical local to the characters has was culture
owners Thus , economic and cultural types to the
surface Research As shown , human beings long ago
Journal of Management and Economics
10
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jme
Journal of Management and Economics
own their lives to improve always movement they did
, labor in the process experience , skills , knowledge
harvest It happened that these own of the era
innovative activities calculated , resulting in invention
and discoveries to the surface came .Thus man nature
their forces slowness with to oneself obey went.
Human so creativity activities ancient civilizations to
the formation conditions created, foundation was.
Production release to the economy transition,
personal society fundamental social development to
changes
take
arrived.
Irrigation of
farming
improvement with swamp river in the basins city-like
population points appearance population density
increased, that's it in places The first manifestations of
statehood to the surface These elements human
society development content, essence defines.
Latest bronze during Medium Asia southern regions
–
Parthia, Margiana and In Bactria complicated historical
processes manifestation will be. Steppe of the herders
farming to the oases enter arrival as a result material
culture, funeral ceremonies and population in their
beliefs various changes to the surface is coming.
That's it. highlight okay, everyone societies history
human activity, its farm and cultural needs with related
was. Thus the activity and need people vital important
characteristics as, their nature, environment with
mutual in their relationship wide on a scale reflection
Work and working release in the process nature
human of activity main object is, is different
geographical under the circumstances certain
economic-cultural types development This is a
historical-cultural progress legality Medium Asia
bronze period history is also confirmed in the example.
this period area and to him/her typical natural-
geographical conditions separated going new ethnic
units inside economic, social and cultural of
connections gradual to develop basis It was. One how
much tribes each other with approaching, mingling
goes. As a result ethnic regions, their borders and clear
cultural from units consists of historical-cultural
regions is formed. Therefore, economic-cultural types
history study and their progressive in finding
geographical environment with relevance features
determination big scientific importance has.
Margiana and Bactria bronze period culture to study
one
row
scientists
(VMMasson,
VISarianidi,
ISMasimov,
AAAsqarov,
T.SH.Shirinov,
Sh.B.Shaydullayev) and etc. ) large contribution added.
Also, this regarding foreign of archaeologists also
mention their research to take necessary.
Bronze during Bactria and In Marghyana large temples,
palaces appearance to be attention to give must.
Ancient East from history It is known that the temples
tasks not only religious ceremonies done from
increasing consists of was, maybe they large farms
organization to the lands and properties ownership they
did.
State and temples farm It also developed in Elam.
Written sources to the information according to the
state or royal (palace) farm (village) farm and handicraft
(sectors) slaves and dependent servants to work based
on. State lands separately to individuals (" shepherd,
warriors") fields ") and family to their teams separated,
they from the ground taken of the harvest designated in
the amount of rent right paid, but land owner (owner)
king authority calculated.
In Sumer chapel ownership king
–
palace to the farm
relatively before to the div arrival about above record
arrived passed. He was initially village teams farm works
with related statehood system development as a result
public from land separate, own to their employees has
It will be. To them services in return work right such as
grain, flour, oil food products with paid.
Margiana and Bactria bronze period to the history
related writing sources there is not. Thus above cited
information
Medium
Asia
southern
provinces
population socio-economic their relationship open to
give assistance possible.
South In Bactria (North Afghanistan (round) in the form
two row defense walls with surrounded taken Steppe 3
fire temple next to only one part digging of the 110
rooms studied consists of housing remains found
checked. From many many stay places In Marghiana
Togalok 21 and Gonur also identified in temples.
Archaeological to the information according to, of
temples central in parts priests lived and religious
ceremonies done increased. Also, around temples,
servants houses located.
Past VISarianidi in the 70s of the century In Bactria
studied bronze period chapel complexes Mesopotamia
(Two Rivers) (interval) temple farms with compared to,
Dashtli in the oasis separately of the palace the
existence in consideration received without, in Bactria
only person - supreme priest guide task He wrote that
he had done it.
Margiana and The Ikkidarya River in Bactria between
like chapel and palace land and property develop in the
system (artificial irrigation, farming, animal husbandry,
crafts, construction, livestock exchange, servants food
products with provision and this of products enter
arrival and distribution control to do with responsible
manager people there is was.
Temple and palace farms Margiana
–
Bactria population
social and economic in life leader place These farms
formed administrative organization managed standing.
Journal of Management and Economics
11
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jme
Journal of Management and Economics
With that together, farming in the oases separately
teams lived settlements determined.
Such from monuments one South In Uzbekistan
located It is a polytheist. It is three row defense walls
with surrounded taken from A. Askarov to the
information according to, Sopollitepa culture the most
developed in this stage, 60 small ones on the ground
from the family consists of 8 large patriarchal families
members lived.
Population economic basis farming and livestock
organization Barley, wheat, millet planted, vineyards
there is, horticulture has also developed, as well as
sheep and goats and cattle feeding important
importance has was.
Bronze period archaeological information Margiana
and In Bactria ancient East to civilizations related socio-
economic and territorial structure progressive found
demonstration It is a village. farm community
–
temple
–
palace ownership
–
early cities
–
farming and
handicraft teams in the direction of developed. Thus,
the center chapel and palace was oasis states
progressive Such of countries socio-economic and
cultural signs Gonur, Dashtli, Sherabad agriculture
oases in archaeology own on the contrary found.
Medium Asia northeast in the regions bronze period
socio-economic relations main in appearance
statesmanship from the system far away clan - tribe to
their traditions based on developed.
REFERENCES
Frankfurt H.- P., Pottier M.
–
H. Sondage préliminaire
sur Ľétablissement protohistorique harapeen et post –
harapéen de Shortughai // Art Asiatiques, 1978. Vol.
XXXIV. - P. 29-86; Gardin J. - C. Pour une géographie
archéoloque de la Bactriane // Ľ archéologie de la
Bactriane ancien ne. - Paris, 1985. - P. 39-46; Hiebert
FT Origins of the Oxus civilization // Antiquity, 1994.
Vol. 68.
–
P. 372-387; Stride S. La Bactriane á Lage du
Bronze // La Bactriane de Curus á Timour // Dossiers
archeology . - Paris. 1999.
–
No. 247.
–
P. 18-23.
Avdiyev V.I. History Ancient Vostok. - M.: Vysshaya
school, 1970. - S. 45-49.
Yusifov Yu.B. Elamskie khozyaystvennye dokuments iz
Suz // VDI. - M., 1963. - No. 3.
–
P. 201-261.
Yusifov Yu.B. Elam. Social and economic history. - M.:
Nauka, 1968. - S. 218-219.
Avdiev V.I. Istoriya Drevnego Vostoka ...
–
S. 45.
Sarianidi V.I. Drevnie zemledelts yaAfghanistan . - M.:
Nauka, 1977 . - S. 35, fig. 11.
Sarianidi V.I. Zadolgo do Zarathushtry. - M.: Staryy sad,
2010. - S. 70-71.
Sarianidi V.I. Drevnie zemledeltsy...
–
S. 136-137.
Askarov A. Drevnezemledelcheskaya kultura epoxi
bronzy yug a Uzbekistana. - Tashkent: Science, 1977. - S.
150.
Askarov A.A. Yuzhnyy Uzbekistan - dr e vneyshiy
chachag selskohozyaystvennyx kultur epoxi bronzy //
Problemy istorii, archeologii i etnologii Ts entralnoy Azii.
- Tashkent, 2018. - S. 26-29.
