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SEMANTIC AND LEXICOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MILITARY TERMINOLOGY IN
UZBEK, RUSSIAN, AND ENGLISH
Shodikhonov Saidazimkhon Murtozakhon ugli
Senior teacher, Department of Linguistics
Karshi State University
Abstract:
This article examines the semantic and lexicographic characteristics of military
terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English. It explores the meanings, contextual usage, and
historical influences on military terms in these languages. Additionally, it addresses the
challenges of military translation and offers solutions for effective cross-linguistic
communication.
Keywords
: Military terminology, semantic analysis, lexicographic analysis, Uzbek, Russian,
English, polysemy, loanwords, standardization, abbreviations, military translation.
Military terminology plays a crucial role in the effective communication and operational
efficiency of armed forces. Understanding the semantic and lexicographic characteristics of
military terms across different languages is essential for translation, interpretation, and cross-
cultural military cooperation. This article explores the semantic and lexicographic aspects of
military terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English, highlighting their similarities, differences,
and linguistic peculiarities.
Semantic analysis examines the meanings of words and their contextual usage. Military terms
often undergo semantic shifts due to historical, cultural, and technological changes. In Uzbek,
Russian, and English, military terms exhibit unique characteristics influenced by linguistic
structures and historical developments.
Semantic and lexicographic analysis of military terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English
involves examining the meaning, usage, and translation of military terms across these languages.
Below is an analysis of 100 military terms, categorized into semantic fields, with their
translations and explanations in Uzbek, Russian, and English.
1.
General Military Terms
English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Army
Qo‘shin
Армия (Armiya)
Refers to a large organized force armed
for warfare.
Soldier
Askar
Солдат (Soldat)
An individual serving in an army.
Officer
Ofitser
Офицер (Ofitser)
A person in a position of authority in the
military.
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English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Rank
Unvon
Звание (Zvaniye)
A position in the hierarchy of armed
forces.
Command Qo‘mondonlikКомандование
(Komandovaniye)
The act of directing military operations.
2. Weapons and Equipment
English
Uzbek Russian
Semantic Analysis
Rifle
Miltiq Винтовка (Vintovka)
A long-barreled firearm used for precision
shooting.
Tank
Tank
Танк (Tank)
A heavily armored fighting vehicle carrying
guns.
Missile
Raketa Ракета (Raketa)
A self-propelled guided weapon system.
Grenade
Granata Граната (Granata)
A small explosive device thrown by hand or
launched.
AmmunitionO‘q-
dori
Боеприпасы
(Boyepripasy)
Supplies of bullets, shells, and other projectiles.
3. Tactics and Operations
English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Strategy
Strategiya Стратегия
(Strategiya)
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term
goal.
Tactics
Taktika Тактика (Taktika) The art of organizing and employing forces in
combat.
ReconnaissanceRazvedka Разведка
(Razvedka)
Gathering information about enemy forces or
terrain.
Ambush
Pistirma Засада (Zasada)
A surprise attack from a concealed position.
Siege
Qamal
Осада (Osada)
Surrounding and blockading a location to force
surrender.
4. Military Ranks
English Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
General General Генерал (General)
A high-ranking officer in the army.
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English Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Colonel PolkovnikПолковник (Polkovnik)A senior military officer rank.
Captain Kapitan Капитан (Kapitan)
An officer rank above lieutenant and below major.
SergeantSerjant
Сержант (Serzhant)
A non-commissioned officer rank.
Private Safdor
Рядовой (Ryadovoy)
The lowest military rank.
5. Military Units
English Uzbek Russian
Semantic Analysis
BattalionBatalyon Батальон (Batal'on) A military unit typically consisting of 300-800 soldiers.
Brigade Brigada Бригада (Brigada) A unit larger than a regiment but smaller than a
division.
Platoon Vzvod Взвод (Vzvod)
A unit of 20-50 soldiers led by a lieutenant.
Squad Bo‘linmaОтряд (Otryad)
A small group of soldiers, usually 8-12 members.
Division Diviziya Дивизия (Diviziya) A large military unit consisting of several brigades.
6. Military Operations
English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Invasion
Bosqin
Вторжение (Vtorzheniye)
An act of entering a territory by force.
Retreat
Chekinish
Отступление (Otstupleniye) Withdrawal of forces from enemy
contact.
Deployment Joylashtirish Развертывание
(Razvertyvaniye)
Movement of troops to a specific area.
Counterattack Qarshi hujum Контратака (Kontrataka)
An attack made in response to an
enemy attack.
Surrender
Taslim
bo'lish
Капитуляция
(Kapitulyatsiya)
The act of yielding to an enemy.
7. Military Technology
English Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Drone
Dron
Дрон (Dron)
An unmanned aerial vehicle used for
surveillance or attack.
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English Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Radar
Radar
Радар (Radar)
A system for detecting objects using radio
waves.
Satellite Sun’iy
yo‘ldosh
Спутник (Sputnik)
An artificial object orbiting Earth, used for
communication or reconnaissance.
SubmarineSuv
osti
kemasi
Подводная
лодка
(Podvodnaya lodka)
A watercraft capable of underwater
operation.
Fighter Jet Qiruvchi
samolyot
Истребитель (Istrebitel') A high-speed military aircraft designed for
air combat.
8. Military Infrastructure
English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Barracks
Kazarma
Казарма (Kazarma)
A building or group of buildings for
housing soldiers.
Headquarters Shtab
Штаб (Shtab)
The central command center for
military operations.
Bunker
Bunker
Бункер (Bunker)
A reinforced underground shelter for
protection.
Airbase
Harbiy
aerodrom
Авиабаза (Aviabaza)
A
military base
for
aircraft
operations.
Checkpoint
Nazorat
punkti
Контрольный
пункт
(Kontrol'nyy punkt)
A place where security checks are
conducted.
9. Military Communication
English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Code
Shifr
Шифр (Shifr)
A system of symbols or signals for secret
communication.
Signal
Signal
Сигнал (Signal)
A visual or auditory message used for
communication.
Encryption Shifrlash Шифрование
(Shifrovaniye)
The process of converting information into a
code.
Radio
Radio
Радио (Radio)
A device for transmitting and receiving
messages.
Order
Buyruq Приказ (Prikaz)
A command given by a superior officer.
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10. Military Logistics
English
Uzbek
Russian
Semantic Analysis
Supply
Ta’minot Снабжение (Snabzheniye)
The provision of materials and
resources.
Transport
Transport Транспорт (Transport)
The movement of troops and
equipment.
Ration
Ratsion
Паёк (Payok)
A fixed amount of food for
soldiers.
Fuel
Yoqilg‘i Топливо (Toplivo)
A substance used to power
vehicles and equipment.
Maintenance Texnik
xizmat
Техническое
обслуживание
(Tekhnicheskoye obsluzhivaniye)
The upkeep of equipment and
facilities.
Translating military terms between Uzbek, Russian, and English presents challenges due to
cultural and structural differences. Some key difficulties include:
Lack of direct equivalents
: Some terms do not have exact matches across languages,
requiring descriptive translation.
Context-dependent meanings
: Certain military terms change meaning based on context
(e.g., "operation" can mean a surgical procedure or a military mission).
Standardization issues
: Different military organizations use variations of the same term,
making consistency a challenge.
Solutions involve:
Developing bilingual and trilingual military glossaries.
Training military personnel and translators in specialized terminology.
Adopting standardized terminology in official documents.
Conclusion
The semantic and lexicographic analysis of military terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English
reveals linguistic patterns shaped by historical, cultural, and structural influences. Understanding
these differences enhances military translation, communication, and international cooperation.
As military language continues to evolve, further research and lexicographic development will
be essential for ensuring clarity and precision in multilingual military discourse. Understanding
these terms requires not only linguistic knowledge but also an awareness of the military
traditions and practices of each language's culture.
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