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UDC 637.1.002.235
THE IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SECURITY AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMANS
Mirzayeva Shokhista Usmonovna,
Associate Professor, Department
of Biotechnology and Food Safet,
Bukhara State University,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5656
E-mail:
Zarmanova Ozoda Otabekovna
,
student of the Department of Biotechnology and
Food Safety, Bukhara State University
Annotation:
The article presents proposals for introducing the following changes to the Law of
the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Quality and Safety of Food Products" and scientifically
substantiates them: "The concept of food safety" - "Changes in the form of safety of food
products and raw materials, establishing special requirements for the quality of food raw
materials."
Key words:
Food safety, quality assurance, certification system, artificial and natural pure
products, protection of the domestic market. Population health, longevity, products with altered
composition.
Introduction.
Food security means that people have access to safe and nutritious food (in terms
of quality, quantity and variety) at all times that is rich in the elements necessary for an active
and healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it should be noted that in the process of globalization, providing
the population with quality and affordable food products has become an important issue in
countries. Food is one of the most important nutrients in human life. Consumers always want to
get quality and safe products. When we say safe food, we usually mean products that are high-
quality, environmentally friendly, free of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), pesticides,
and other harmful elements related to food. Food safety is one of the main problems of humanity,
determining the health, development, and well-being of nations. The quality of food consumed
by the population is an important component of the level and quality of life of citizens, and has a
significant impact on environmental protection, as well as on the socio-economic and
demographic situation of the country.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
Food security is one of the most pressing challenges facing countries around the world. UN
experts also emphasize that today it is time to radically change the approach to food production
and distribution. After all, in an ideal situation, agriculture, forestry and fisheries are able to fully
provide everyone with food and create a source of income for people, as in the treatise. Moreover,
in such a situation, both agriculture will develop in the interests of people and measures to
protect the environment will be implemented. Why is such an influential organization serving the
well-being and future of humanity putting forward the idea of renewing its views on
this issue? The reason is that today, indifferent attitude to nature, increasing anthropogenic
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impact on it, wastefulness, a growing difference in the food balance between advanced and
developing countries, and climate change are causing a number of negative factors. Our treasures,
fresh water, forests, biodiversity are rapidly decreasing, land fertility is decreasing, and soil is
being degraded. As a result, according to the UN, the world's population is increasing in
geometric progression, while unfortunately their needs are being met in arithmetic progression.
Currently, 815 million people in the world are hungry, and by 2050 this number will reach 2
billion. people. 12.9 percent of them live in developing countries.
45 percent of deaths among children under five are caused by malnutrition. Currently, 3.1
million children die from malnutrition every year. Food security has a significant impact on the
positive demographic development of a country, which allows it to maintain the health of its
population. Safe nutrition extends life expectancy, promotes the healthy growth and development
of children, prevents many diseases, and thereby ensures the health of the nation. The production
of artificial products around the world is increasing day by day, and today it is absolutely
unacceptable to weaken control over food safety. Food security of a country is a socio-economic
and legal condition that guarantees the possibility of uninterrupted provision of the population
with essential consumer products at the level of physical requirements without endangering the
health of the population. In other words, food is considered safe if it does not pose a threat to the
current and future generations. Therefore, since the objectivity of product quality control today
guarantees its safety for the health of all mankind, it is impossible to look superficially at the
problems associated with this area. Our research topic requires a deep analysis of the problems in
the field, the disclosure of the necessary proposals, and the analysis of the legislative documents
of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Article 17 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Sanitary
and Epidemiological Well-being of the Population establishes that citizens have the right to
receive information from state administration bodies, local government bodies, as well as bodies
implementing state sanitary supervision, on the sanitary and epidemiological situation and the
state of the human living environment, and from legal entities and individual entrepreneurs on
the safety and quality of products, as well as work performed and services provided.
By analyzing the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and studying the opinions of scientists
from the world community, we can come to the following conclusions:
Products containing GMOs:
- Harmful to health, cause the development of cancer
- Lead to obesity;
- Lead to impaired reproductive health of the population.
Taking into account the above, the following measures should be taken in our country: - Take
into account the scientifically based risks of genetically modified organisms; - Reduce scientific
research related to genetic modification, their use and the use of the results of genetic
engineering research. Support the study and development of environmentally friendly
agricultural practices that will contribute to the development of agriculture in our country; -
Introduce amendments to regulatory documents related to the protection of consumer rights
aimed at restricting the import and consumption of food products containing modified organisms,
as well as introducing a ban on the use of genetically modified organisms in baby food.
Veterinary-sanitary examination of contaminated fish meat. Veterinary-sanitary examination of
fish consists of a complex set of studies, observations and activities, starting with monitoring of
fish caught in fishing grounds and ending with the production of finished products that must
meet safety and quality requirements.
Changes in the organoleptic and chemical composition of crucian carp meat infected with Ligula
intestinalis were found. When fish were heavily infected with parasites, the organoleptic
properties of the meat (muscles tightly adhere to the bones, div color, smell, muscle elasticity,
consistency, muscle fiber patterns, broth transparency, pleasant natural smell and taste) were
found to change. When fish are severely affected (up to 13 parasites), the meat easily separates
from the bones, the consistency of the muscles becomes soft, the broth becomes cloudy, and a
pungent odor appears. Therefore, veterinary and sanitary experts should evaluate the veterinary
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and sanitary examination of fish during fish processing and before they are sold to consumers
and give an appropriate conclusion.
1- food products
THE IMPACT OF HONEY PRODUCTS ON FOOD SAFETY.
In the agriculture of our republic, the use of chemicals plays an important role in protecting
plants from harmful plants and insects, preserving their new varieties, obtaining abundant
harvests, and solving many similar problems. Honey, a product of bees that occupies an
important place among food products, is one of the most important natural products for human
health. It is known that chemicals widely used in agriculture have a negative effect on bees and,
through them, on human health. Honey collected from plant flowers is both high-quality and
healing, while honey from forest flowers, which receive little sunlight, and plants that are
sprayed with various toxic chemicals during cultivation, and from hemp, is considered to be of
much lower quality. Honey is extracted from honeycombs using special honey separators. Honey
is a valuable food product, and 1 kg of it contains an average of 3200 calories of energy. Honey
has been used in medicine since ancient times as a medicine. Now in the pharmaceutical industry,
products such as honey, propolis and royal jelly are widely used in the production of various
medicines. Honey itself is used as a dietary supplement and a remedy for various diseases. Since
the 60s of the 20th century, apitherapy - a method of treatment with honey - has been formed in
medicine.
Chemical poisoning has many negative effects on the bees' organism. Their negative effects
depend on the chemicals they contain: fluorine destroys the walls of the bees' trachea, disrupts
glycolysis and mineral metabolism. Manganese inhibits the fermentation process. Barium
chloride disrupts water metabolism. Organochlorine compounds disrupt the ratio of potassium
and sodium in the bees' bodies, while organophosphorus compounds bind the cholinesterase
enzyme, which negatively affects the transmission of excitation in the ganglia of the nervous
system.
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2 - honey products
VETERINARY SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF THE SUITABILITY OF RABBIT MEAT
Due to the biological value, tenderness, and low fat and cholesterol content of rabbit meat, it is
recommended for consumption by patients with allergies, hypertension, gastrointestinal, stomach,
gallbladder, and liver diseases. Rabbit meat is considered very tender, tasty, and is rich in
complete proteins compared to poultry meat, and has a higher water content and dry matter than
pork. Rabbit meat is beneficial for health and is fundamentally different from other meats in taste
and dietary properties. Rabbit meat is especially useful for young children, adolescents, lactating
women, and the elderly, who need complete protein. The sodium content in rabbit meat is 2.7
times lower than in poultry meat. This makes the meat more nutritious. If the muscle fiber
content of rabbit meat is 70%, and the bones and tendons are 13-36%, compared to 42-50% and
18-30% in cattle meat, respectively. The protein content in rabbit meat can be up to 21.5-22.6%,
the fat content is up to 3.3-9.8%, and the water content is up to 66.7-72.5%, the energy content
(per 100 g of product) is 128-182 kcal.
3 - rabbit meat
CLASSIFICATION, COMPOSITION, AND BENEFITS OF TURKEY MEAT FOR THE
HUMAN BODY
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Scientists say that eating high-protein foods, including turkey, is important for human life. In
addition, protein provides normal muscle mass and stabilizes insulin levels after a meal. This
meat is called both red and white. It all comes down to myoglobin. It is found in muscles. The
more active they are, the more myoglobin they have. In other words, if there is too much of it,
the meat will be redder. Turkey meat is unusual in this regard. The thighs are classified as red
meat. Turkeys rarely sit. The wings and breast are considered white meat. Turkeys are raised for
no more than 4 months, which is enough time for the turkey to grow to 10 kg. Turkey meat tastes
best at this age. According to several studies, turkey meat contains the mineral selenium, which,
when consumed in sufficient amounts, helps reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer, as
well as prostate, lung, bladder, esophageal, and stomach cancers. Turkey meat contains very little
fat. Due to its low fat content, turkey contains very little cholesterol, not more than 100 mg per
75 grams of meat. This is a very small number. Thus, turkey meat is a good choice for people
with atherosclerosis and obesity. di. The popularity of turkey meat is not only due to its taste.
Compared to other types of poultry, it contains a lot of nutrients and vitamins. First of all, it is
worth noting its unique mineral composition. Turkey meat is a real champion in terms of iron
content, compared to beef, turkey has twice as much of this micro and macro element. It contains
minerals such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus. Selenium is an element that allows you to
maintain youth, has a rejuvenating effect and antioxidant activity, which also brings turkey meat
to the first place in its composition. Another substance that this product is rich in is magnesium.
It has a positive effect on the nervous system, and due to its high content, turkey meat is
recommended for people who have long suffered from depression, insomnia, and mental
disorders. Macro and microelements, as well as the complex of vitamins that make up the
composition, create a number of unique properties: accelerates intracellular processes and
metabolism in the div; prevents the risk of anemia; has a positive effect on the functioning of
the myocardium and circulatory system; normalizes pressure; replenishes the div's calcium
content and forms the bone system; protein, as a natural source of protein, helps to develop
muscle mass. Turkey meat is recommended for dieters and those undergoing treatment, as it
helps the patient recover quickly. It has a positive effect on the functioning of the stomach.
4 - turkey meat
EVALUATION OF EGG QUALITY BASED ON STRUCTURAL INDICATORS
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The demand for egg products is increasing day by day. Our people have been engaged in poultry
farming for a long time and have been using them to meet their needs. As we know, in order to
meet the food needs of the growing world population, farms, poultry factories and workshops are
sharply increasing the number of meat and meat products, milk and products made from it,
poultry and egg products. In particular, ducks and geese are raised for their feathers and meat,
and chickens for their meat and eggs, and they are widely used for their own benefit. In
particular, egg products have been consumed since ancient times.Veterinary and sanitary
assessment of eggs. Chicken eggs released for sale from egg production bases and refrigerators
are divided into the following types:
a) Dietetic (dietary) eggs;
b) Fresh eggs;
c) Frozen eggs;
d) With a shell
Dietary (dietary) eggs
. These eggs include fresh eggs up to 7 days after laying.
When undergoing veterinary sanitary examination of eggs, those with the following defects are
not allowed to be used for food purposes and are sent for technical disposal or destroyed:
- eggs with a blood ring, in which the chick has begun to develop;
- eggs that are black, spoiled (on the eggshell), have a hydrogen sulfide odor and black spots
belonging to fungi or microbes;
HARM OF SAUSAGES AND MEAT PRODUCTS
Red meat — all animal meat from mammals: beef, lamb, goat, horse, etc.
According to the World Health Organization, the consumption of processed meat products and
red meat increases the risk of cancer. The WHO published this information back in 2015, based
on a study conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The study involved
22 experts from 10 countries. The study found that red meat and processed meat products
increase the risk of cancer. Red meat mainly causes colon cancer, but it can also cause pancreatic
and prostate cancer. But the study did not have enough evidence to say "that's exactly it."
Therefore, it is concluded that red meat probably causes cancer. Processed meat products, on the
other hand, have a higher risk of causing colon cancer, and the study was able to gather enough
evidence to prove this.
5 - harm of sausages and meat
Conclusion
In conclusion, I have witnessed a lot of poor-quality products being produced today. For example,
I have witnessed a number of food products that are not at all up to standard. For example,
products produced under the Jesko and Else brands, people buy them not as quality products, but
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as a lottery. The goal is not to buy a good product, but to win some expensive prize. Another
incident that I have witnessed is that when I bought a juice product from a store, there was a sign
on the package that said "shake", but when I opened it without shaking it, the top part was moldy.
I thought it must have formed sediment, but in fact, no sediment forms in apple juice
.
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