No. 2 (2025) Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

This article provides a comprehensive description of the bioecological characteristics of the medicinal plant Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg in the Fergana Valley. It highlights the species’ natural distribution, its level of adaptation to environmental factors, and its phenological phases.

The article analyzes the current state and ways of developing mortgage lending with an emphasis on the example of a specific housing construction facility. The article examines the historical aspects of mortgage lending, its importance for the economy, as well as current trends and problems faced by the market. Special attention is paid to the analysis of a specific housing construction facility to illustrate the practical aspects of using mortgage loans. The article concludes with recommendations for improving mortgage lending mechanisms and identifies promising areas for further research in this area.

This article explores the current status and future outlook of electricity production and consumption in Central Asia, focusing on the period from 2025 to 2030. The region, rich in natural resources, has a growing demand for energy due to population growth, industrialization, and urbanization. The paper provides an analysis of the existing electricity infrastructure, including major power generation sources such as hydroelectric, thermal, and renewable energy. It also examines the challenges facing the electricity sector, including regional cooperation issues, outdated infrastructure, and the environmental impact of energy production. Furthermore, the article discusses potential future developments in the sector, such as the role of renewable energy, cross-border electricity trade, and modernization of the power grid. By projecting the trends and opportunities in the electricity sector, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the energy landscape in Central Asia for the next five years.

This article explores the intellectual and institutional emergence of historiography in Uzbekistan during the early 20th century—a period marked by political transformations, cultural renaissance, and national awakening. The formation of modern historical thought was influenced by the intersection of traditional Islamic scholarship, Jadidism, colonial Russian academic policies, and early Soviet ideological paradigms. Through the analysis of historical texts, educational reforms, and the activities of prominent historians, this study reveals the complexities of how Uzbek historiography was conceptualized, constructed, and contested in the transition from imperial to Soviet rule. The article further evaluates the historiographical legacy of this period and its influence on subsequent national history writing in Uzbekistan.

There are terms for every field, especially the legal field. Sh. Kochimov expresses the following opinion about the term: "A term is a word (combination of words) that means a special concept related to a certain field and expresses the same meaning in terms of content. Compared to the main parts of words, the term differs in that it expresses a clear and unambiguous concept. This article is devoted to the discussion of the origin and formation of terms related to the field of law in the Uzbek language.

This article is devoted to the history of the emigration to Afghanistan of the kurbashi - Ibrahimbek and the representatives of the independence struggle who followed him, who were condemned as representatives of the “suppression” movement due to the ideological approach of the Soviet Union to our history in the 1920s, but in fact fought to liberate the entire territory of Turkestan from the Bolshevik invaders. Also, a brief analysis of the attitude of the Afghan government and local Afghan Uzbeks to the Turkestan leader Ibrahimbek and other independence emigrants and their subsequent fates is conducted in Afghanistan. 

The accelerated evolution of digital technologies, coupled with a paradigm shift in global educational demands, has catalyzed the emergence and institutionalization of online and hybrid learning models. These pedagogical frameworks gained unprecedented traction during and following the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting a reconfiguration of conventional educational practices. This scholarly article delves into the structural design, pedagogical merits, and inherent challenges of online and hybrid modalities. It further evaluates their capacity to facilitate individualized instruction, promote temporal and spatial flexibility, and democratize access to quality education. Simultaneously, the discussion foregrounds persistent obstacles such as the digital divide, learner disengagement, and assessment complexity. The paper concludes by advocating for strategic pedagogical recalibration, comprehensive teacher training, and robust technological infrastructure to ensure equitable and effective model implementation.

This article analyzes the formation, stages of development of the creative activity of Mo Yan, a major representative of modern Chinese literature, and its inextricable connection with the socio-historical background. It also highlights the writer's literary and aesthetic views, artistic principles, the harmony of nationality and universality in his work, and his contribution to the development of Chinese literature.

This article presents examples of such issues from the work “Kutadgu Bilig” by Yusuf Khos Hajib, who contributed to the strong development of the Karakhanid state, in accordance with the educational purpose, such as the importance of acquiring knowledge, the manners of communicating with adults, the need to love work from youth, and how to behave when visiting guests. It also describes the content and essence of the epic “Kutadgu Bilig” created by Yusuf Khos Hajib and the place of the work today.

 The article examines key aspects of Turkic mythology, including cosmogonic ideas, the structure of the universe, symbolism and their influence on modern culture. Turkic mythology is a multi-layered system of mythological ideas that have formed among various peoples over the centuries.

Uzbek is an ancient language, belonging to the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family. Today, the number of Uzbek speakers worldwide exceeds 40 million. This article explores the various methods employed in teaching the Uzbek language, contrasting traditional and modern approaches. It highlights the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each method, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to language education. By integrating both traditional and modern techniques, educators can create a more effective and engaging learning environment that caters to diverse student needs.

This article discusses the role of modern technologies in teaching English and how to use them efficiently. In addition this article tries to analyze the necessity of innovative technologies to English language and will help new teachers how to teach the English language to the learners. Moreover, It also aims to make English teachers aware of the strategies to use it in an effective teaching and various methods.

In this article, a semantic analysis of the pair of words used in the work of Yusuf Khass Hajib “Kutadgu Bilig” is carried out. Through dualistic units, such as "Justice - State", "reason - contentment", "science - practice", which are common in the work, the author expressed the socio-political, moral and philosophical views of his time. Through these pairs of words, issues such as human perfection, public administration and maintaining order in society are highlighted.​

One of the current issues is the pedagogical and psychological study of preschool children with hearing impairments. This article explores the pedagogical and psychological examination of children with hearing impairments, emphasizing the unique challenges they face in educational settings. It discusses the importance of tailored pedagogical approaches and psychological assessments to support their development. The article also highlights effective strategies for educators and psychologists to foster an inclusive learning environment that promotes the academic and emotional well-being of these children.

This article discusses modern, innovative and interactive methods of working on texts in primary school native language classes. Unlike traditional approaches, in current teaching processes, students' independent thinking, speech culture and creative approaches are developed through digital technologies, audio-video materials, group work, role-playing games. The article also discusses existing problems - the lack of technological tools, limited methodological resources and the need for teacher training. Practical stages of working on texts, ways of applying modern technologies to the lesson and proposals to improve the quality of education based on best practices are given.

This article presents information about the study of Uzbek marriage and family relations and their socio-psychological and ethnopsychological characteristics by Eastern thinkers.

This article analyzes the impact of the virtual learning environment on students' interpersonal communication skills. It examines how students' interaction, exchange of ideas, and social skills are formed in the educational process organized on the basis of digital technologies. The article examines the positive and negative effects of virtual learning on communication, the problems that arise, and ways to overcome them. At the same time, practical recommendations are provided for the development of students' communication skills using pedagogical approaches. The results of the study show the urgent importance of effectively organizing interpersonal communication in a virtual learning environment.

This article highlights the importance and necessity of introducing information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of financing investment projects. The possibilities of increasing the efficiency, transparency and speed of the financing system, strengthening relations with investors, optimizing risk analysis and decision-making processes using ICT are analyzed. Also, the current situation and foreign experience in financing investment projects based on ICT in Uzbekistan are analyzed, and proposals and recommendations are developed.

 This paper explores the linguocultural characteristics of phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages. By analyzing idiomatic expressions and set phrases in both linguistic systems, the study reveals how phraseological units reflect the values, traditions, and worldview of their respective cultures. The comparative approach uncovers both shared human experiences and culture-specific elements embedded in language, the individual's spiritual reality, the problem of generating its content, and the characteristics of expressing the decorative world of people in the speech process. The findings suggest that phraseology is a significant mirror of national identity and plays a crucial role in intercultural communication and translation studies. The issues raised by this article's discussion of the connection between language and culture are pertinent and important.

This article presents some thoughts on the poetess Zulfiyakhanim Isroilova, who showed and glorified the loyalty and devotion of an Uzbek woman to the whole world. The place that Zulfiyakhanim occupied in poetry and became a true symbol of loyalty for Uzbek women was beautifully demonstrated with evidence. The main motifs of the poet's poetry, separation and migration, and their place in the poet's life were also discussed.

Because games can improve student motivation, engagement, and language acquisition, their use in language instruction has drawn a lot of attention lately.  This article examines the potential ways of structuring games based on situation or time in language instruction.  Teachers can establish an engaging and dynamic learning environment that promotes active engagement and facilitates successful language acquisition by implementing game-based learning strategies.

Der Artikel analysiert die Reformen, die im Bereich der Steigerung der sozialen Aktivität junger Menschen umgesetzt werden, und erörtert die Bedeutung dieser Prozesse.

This article is dedicated to the "Transportation Problem", one of the key areas of operations research and optimal control. It explores the theoretical foundations, mathematical models, and practical applications of this problem. The transportation problem is considered an optimal resource allocation problem and is widely applied in fields such as economics, logistics, and supply chain management. The article provides a detailed explanation of the main solution methods for the transportation problem, including the “Northwest Corner Method”, “Minimum Cost Method”, and “Potential Method”. The principles for determining the optimal solution using these methods are analyzed. Additionally, practical examples of the transportation problem’s application in real-world economics and logistics are presented, illustrating the efficiency and applicability of these methods. The research findings demonstrate that understanding and solving the transportation problem can help optimize logistics systems, minimize transportation costs, and improve resource utilization efficiency. This article serves as an important theoretical and practical guide for researchers, economists, and logistics specialists working with transportation problems.

This article analyzes the main functions of words and word combinations in the text structure from a linguistic point of view, highlights the functional functions of lexical, grammatical and stylistic means in the text, and expresses how they affect the integrity, consistency and semantic coherence of the text. Words, as the smallest but meaningfully independent units of the text, play an important role in the construction of the text. Also, word combinations serve to enrich the content of language units, clarify and give stylistic diversity to the text. During the study, the syntactic and semantic functions of words and word combinations are revealed based on real examples taken from the text. This article can be a useful scientific resource for researchers engaged in text linguistics, stylistics and applied linguistics.